DSP BCCS-9508 L-4 & L-5

Time Domain Representation of LTI Systems

• If the input-output relationship of a system is represented in time domain or as

a function of time.
• Impulse response of an LTI system is defined as the output of the system due
to unit impulse input applied at time t=0 or n=0.

2
Discrete Convolution

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

y 𝑛 = ⋯ + 𝑥 −1 ℎ 𝑛 + 1 + 𝑥 0 ℎ 𝑛
+ 𝑥 1 ℎ[𝑛 − 1] + 𝑥 2 ℎ[𝑛 − 2] + ⋯

Let,
ℎ 𝑛 =131
𝑥 𝑛 = {1 2 3 4} and ℎ 𝑛 = {1 3 1}
𝑥 𝑛 = 1234

1 3 1 𝑥[0]ℎ[𝑛]
2 6 2 𝑥[1]ℎ[𝑛 − 1]
3 9 3 𝑥[2]ℎ[𝑛 − 2]
4 8 4 𝑥[3]ℎ[𝑛 − 3]
1, 5, 10, 15, 11, 4
3
Discrete Convolution

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

Let,
𝑥 𝑛 = {1 2 3 4} and ℎ 𝑛 = {1 3 1}
ℎ 𝑛 =131
𝑥 𝑛 =1234
ℎ 𝑛+1 =131 1 3 1 𝑥[−1]ℎ[𝑛]
𝑥 𝑛 =1234 2 6 2 𝑥[0]ℎ[𝑛 − 1]
3 9 3 𝑥[1]ℎ[𝑛 − 2]
1 3 1 𝑥[−1]ℎ[𝑛 + 1] 4 8 4 𝑥[2]ℎ[𝑛 − 3]
2 6 2 𝑥[0]ℎ[𝑛]
1, 5, 10, 15, 11, 4
3 9 3 𝑥[1]ℎ[𝑛 − 1]
4 8 4 𝑥[2]ℎ[𝑛 − 2]
1, 5, 10, 15, 11, 4
4
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 − 𝑢[𝑛 − 10]

1
ℎ𝑛 = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 4]
4
∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

5
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 − 𝑢[𝑛 − 10]

1
ℎ𝑛 = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 4]
4
∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

6
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

1. If n<0
∞

𝑦𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ 𝑛−𝑘
𝑘=−∞
=0

7
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

2. If n ≥ 0 and n≤ 3
𝑛

𝑦𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ 𝑛−𝑘
𝑘=0
𝑛+1
=
4

8
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

3. If n > 3 and n≤ 9
𝑛

𝑦𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ 𝑛−𝑘
𝑘=𝑛−3
= 1

9
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

∞
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

4. If n > 9 and n≤ 12
9

𝑦𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ 𝑛−𝑘
𝑘=𝑛−3

13−𝑛
=
4

10
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 − 𝑢[𝑛 − 10]

0 𝑛<0
1 𝑛+1
ℎ𝑛 = 𝑢[𝑛] − 𝑢[𝑛 − 4] 0≤𝑛≤3
4
4 y[𝑛] =
1 3<𝑛≤9
∞ 13−𝑛
y[𝑛] = 𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘] 9 < 𝑛 ≤ 12
4

11
Discrete Convolution: Graphical Method

Solve:

1. 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛
1
ℎ 𝑛 = 𝑢[𝑛 − 4]
4
y 𝑛 =𝑥 𝑛 ∗ℎ 𝑛
y[𝑛] = ∞𝑘=−∞ 𝑥 𝑘 ℎ[𝑛 − 𝑘]

𝑛
1
2. ℎ1 𝑛 = 𝑢[𝑛 − 4]
2

12
Properties of Convolution

Commutative Property

Proof:

13
 Properties of Convolution

Associative Property

14
Properties of Convolution

Distributive Property

15
Properties of Convolution

Multi-linearity Property

16
Properties of Convolution

Multi-linearity Property

17
Properties of Convolution

Time-Shift Property

18
Properties of Convolution

Differentiation Property

19
Properties of Convolution

Impulse Convolution Property

20
Discrete Convolution Application in CNN (Deep learning)

21