Application PDF

Application
Good work practise

Brush
Roller
Stripe-coating
Airless spray
Air-spray
Other
Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Good work practise

Application
Cleanliness and good housekeeping before,
during and after application are one of the most
important factors to have a good result

Good access is as important for a satisfactory application as the
quality of the equipment!

Personal protection is a necessity
• Make sure to use

adequate
protection while
using paint
• Application on an
offshore Cd-4934-30
installation

Important to open the tin correctly !
• Remove all loose

particles from
the lid
• Loosen the lid
• Lift the lid away
from the tin in
such a manner
that the
contaminants do
not fall into the
paint Application: Open_dirtytin1

Mixing of two-pack paints
• Component B is poured into

the component A (base).
• Component B may have a
high viscosity. Make sure to
add all of it.
Empty the tin !
• Ensure correct mixing ratio. Cd-4930-58
• Use mechanical agitator
• The applicator is well
protected
Think of your health !

Tools for mixing of paints
• Always use mechanical
agitator to ensure proper
mixing.
• Proper mixing will not be
achieved by a stick
• A wooden stick may also
contain dirt and loose
parts that may Cd-4930-57
contaminate the paint
and clog the spray
equipment

Mixing of two-pack paints
• Mixing of a two-pack paint: Light coloured component A
(base) and dark coloured component B
• Visual mixing control improves the mixing and thereby
the performance of the paint.
Cd-4930-59

Hand-tools for application of paint
• Stirrer: Only to
be used for small
tins
• Round paint
brush
• Flat, short paint Cd-4934-04
brush
• Radiator brush
• Small back roller
• Tape for masking

Methods for paint application
Airless spray:
Good
Paint brush:
Good
Roller:
Poor, particularly for
the first coat
Application tools.
Alternative orders.
Alternative 1. Alternative 2. Alternative 3.
1. Coat: Spray 1. Coat: Brush 1. Coat: Brush
2. Coat: Spray 2. Coat: Spray 2. Coat: Roller
Cd-4934-03
Rule:
Avoid roller on
the 1st. coat

Application of paint
Use of roller for application

on bare steel is not recommended.
Roller application will not ensure

good wetting of the substrate.

Rollers and paint brushes left in a tin
after the job is finished.
• The paint will dry / cure and the equipment is
unsuitable for application of paint
• Waste of money !
Cd-4930-68

Consequence of inferior mixing:
Poor coating performance
• To the right: Correct mixing and mixing ratio.
• To the left: Insufficient mixing and / or incorrect
mixing ratio.
Cd-4930-60

Mixing of a two-pack paint
Visual mixing control
• The dark base
makes it easy to
see when the
mixing is complete
• This is not easy to
see with a clear
base
• Poor mixing results
in poor protective
properties of the
paint
Application: Mixingcontrol1

Ready to start?

Working with a Brush

Application by paint brush
Benefits
• Good wetting of the substrate
• Forces the paint into the surface
• Better than roller on the first coat
• Good on areas with poor accessibility
Limitations
• Gives low film thickness,
many coats required
• Creates an uneven film
• Application speed is slow

Application by paint brush
• Application of the 1st

coat
• Here, a round paint
brush is used
• The paint brush
works the paint well
into the substrate
• Limitation:
Production rate

Good quality paint brushes must be cleaned
properly to maintain its properties
• Often the paint brushes are

left without any kind of
cleaning.
• If properly cleaned and
stored they can be reused
• Use suitable thinner or
cleaner
• Final cleaning with water
and soap before storing it
properly
Application: Cleaning_brush1
(not shown on video)

Working with Rollers

Application by roller
Benefits
• Application speed is faster than with
paint brush
• Good on areas with poor accessibility
Limitations
• Poor wetting of the substrate
• Never use for the first coat
• May incorporate air and pinholes
in the paint film
• Gives low film thickness,
many coats required

Roller application
• Roller application
will not force the
paint into the
profile of the
substrate, but
rather deposit it
over the peaks

Application tool. Small back roller
• Type of roller to
use must be
selected on what
to paint and the Cd-4934-09
type of paint to
use
• Thin naps for
glossy top coats

A small pipe
• Type of roller to
use must be
selected on what
to paint and the
type of paint to
use
• Well protected
painter
Application: Rolling_pipe1

• Type of roller to use

must be selected on
what to paint and
the type of paint to
use Cd-4934-11
• Not recommended to
use roller on the 1st
coat.

Surface applied by roller.
One coat may not be sufficient
Two or three coats applied by roller may be required to obtain
the same film thickness as with one coat applied by spray
Cd-4934-55

Flat, large areas
• Ensure good
distribution of the
paint
• Cross rolling
• Use the same
direction of the
final rolling
• Rolling with an
extension Application: Roller_wall1

Poor roller application technique
• Ships bow
• Roller mounted
on top of a long Cd-4934-54
rod
• It is impossible
to control the
application

Stripe coating

Stripe coating prior to each full coat
Stripe coat with paint brush:

• Where difficult access with spray
• Profiles
• Inside edges
• Holes, notches
• Corners, angles
• Sharp edges
• Manual welding seams

Stripe coating of a small, complex
structure with a paint brush
• A paint brush is an
excellent tool for stripe
coating
• Wet the substrate
properly
• Works the paint well into
the substrate
• Welds, edges and
notches must be stripe
coated Application: Stripe_coating1

Stripe coating will improve the life
time of the paint system
• Use a good quality

paint brush
• Work the paint well
into the substrate to
wet the substrate
properly
• Welds, edges, notches
and areas difficult to
reach by spray must
be stripe coated Application: Stripe_correct1

Water ballast tank. Stripe coating between
first and second full coat
• All welding seams

and sharp edges and
areas difficult to
reach by airless spray
are stripe coated
• Note the contrasting
colours Cd-4934-89
Note the contrasting colours.

Excellent work

Water ballast tank. Stripe coating between

Excellent work
• Weld seams
• Edges
Cd-4934-90
• Bulbs
• Angels / bars
• Notches etc.

Stripe coating
Excellent work
• Weld seams
• Edges
• Bulbs Cd-4934-91
• Angels / bars
• Notches etc.

Stripe coating of superstructure
between first and second full coat
Excellent work
• Pipes Cd-4934-92
• Supports
• Windows
• Reeling

Stripe coating of superstructure between
Excellent work
• Weld seams
• Pipes
• Supports Cd-4934-93
• Windows
• Bulbs etc

The stripe coating must
be carried out properly
• Stripe coating is a time

consuming job
• Often a poor quality
paint brush is used
• Lack of knowledge or
available time for
doing a good paint job
• The paint is not
worked well into the
substrate. Application: Stripe_wrong1

Stripe coating, Poor workmanship:
• Stripe coating applied too thin
• Several holidays
• Runs
Cd-4934-95

Poor workmanship:
Stripe coated welding seam
• Many holidays
• The paint must be worked properly into the rough
substrate using several strokes with the paint brush.
Cd-4934-97

Shopprimed steel. Insufficient stripe coating
prior to first full coat
• Stripe coating of a
corner in a tank
• Weld has been
blasted
• Uneven film partly Cd-4934-98
with sags, partly
too thin
• Holidays in rough
weld
• Poor steelwork

Final touch-up of a
construction after spraying
Two applicators, both well protected
Cd-4934-08

Airless spray

Why use airless spraying ?
Applicator saves time: Up to 50 -

75%
• With paint brush: Four times longer
• With roller: Twice as long time

Main parts of
airless spray equipment
Airless spray equipment consist

of three main parts :
1. Compressed air / electrical motor

2. Paint pump
3. Hose and spray gun

Close up of spray gun
• Nozzle
Cd-4934-19
• Trigger
• Safety catch

Cleaning of nozzle
for airless pump
• Dismantle the
nozzle
• Clean all parts
thoroughly
• Use suitable
thinner or Cd-4930-66
cleaner

Application fault
Spitting / striping during application
Ifthis occurs, check:

• Nozzle
• Pressure of pump
• Closing
mechanism of the
trigger
• Viscosity of the
paint Cd-0004-029

Paint application equipment
spray tips do wear !
• Normal tip wear is caused by normal use
• Greatest wear occurs in first 120 litres sprayed

– (using an average quality emulsion paint)
• Some tips will be worn out after spraying

approximately 500 litres (depends on type of
paint)

Spray tips do wear
Orifice Fan width Through put
Size mm Litres per min.
Original .015 305 0,90
Worn to .017 280 1,15
Worn to .019 230 1,50
Worn to .021 140 1,80
Spray pattern
305 280 230 140 mm

Good cleaning and maintenance of the
equipment is a good investment
Cleaning of airless pump
• The equipment
must be cleaned
after use
• Time and money
will be saved
Application: Cleaning_spraygun1

Well protected applicator
ready to spray
• Disposable suit,
mask, gloves and
boots covers the
entire body
Cd-4934-18
• Disposable suits is
particularly
recommended when
working with
epoxies.

Airless spraying can be dangerous.
Don’t ever point the gun

towards yourself
or any other person

Rules when spraying
• Correct distance between

spray gun and substrate
(30-60 cm)
• Correct angel (90°)
• Overlapping
(50% or cross application)

Paint application.
Airless spraying with overlap
50 % Overlapping ensures
Overlap an even film thickness

Seek to keep the gun at a
right angle to the substrate
The distance should be between 30 and 60 cm. The optimal
distance will vary, among other things with wind,
temperature, pressure at the nozzle and viscosity of the
paint .
Cd-4934-20

Thickness of the paint applied
The film thickness

is affected by :
• Distance gun tip - surface
• Speed of gun stroke
• Pump pressure
• Nozzle size

Airless spraying.
Distance between gun and structure
• Keep the spray gun at a correct
distance from the object
• A correct distance ensures a
good, homogenous paint film
• Too great a distance gives poor
float and an uneven surface
• Trying to reach areas far away
will give an uneven film
thickness
• Shadows are created behind
welds
• Waving with the gun results in
Application: Spray_technique3
an unacceptable spray pattern

Wrong spraying technique
This results in a very poor paint film.

• Too long distance
• Wrong angle
• Dry spraying
• Pinholes
• Entrapped air
• Too high paint Cd-4934-73
consumption

Poor application technique
• Contamination
of the
environment
• High loss
factor
• Poor corrosion
Cd-4934-74
protection
• Waste of
money

Wrong application technique
Result
A poor paint film:
Rough surface, pinholes, entrapped air.
Reason:
• Bad scaffoldings
• Too long Cd-4934-33
distance
• Wrong angle
• Dry spraying

Spray Application of Ships’ Bottom
• Pre-treatment Sa
2½
• Application of a
one-coat ice
resistant system
• Application
technique is good
• Good overlapping
and a nice, glossy
surface

Application of a Tank
• Pre-treatment Sa 2
½
• Paint system: Glass
flake reinforced
polyester
• Good application
technique

Application of a Complex Structure
• Pre-treatment Sa
2½
• Paint: Glass flake
reinforced
Polyester
• Application
technique is good

Application from a Cherry Picker
• Spraying from cherry

picker
• Here a correct
distance to the surface
can be obtained all
over the ship side.
• Disadvantage: Slow
production rate
compared with a crane
on rails.

Painting a Large, Flat Construction
• Application from
a wide basket
• Mechanical
damages can
often occur
• It is required to
support the
basket to keep it
steady

Airless spray application is a very fast
way of applying paint
• Spray application ensures

a high production rate
• Working in groups may
speed up the process
even further
• A good result depends on
the skills of the
applicator:
– Keep the spray gun at a
correct distance from the
object
– Do not tilt the gun too much
Application: Spray_fast1
– Release the trigger before
stopping the stroke

Airless spraying.
Technique - small, complex unit
• Spray can be successfully

used on small, complex
structures
• Always start with the
complex parts of the
structure
• Then, paint the plane
areas Application: Spray_technique1
• Keep the spray gun at a

correct distance from the
object
• Do not tilt the gun too
much
• Release the trigger
before stopping the
stroke
Airless spraying.
Unsystematic application
• Unsystematic application will

give uneven film thickness
• Too low thickness:
– Inferior protection
• Too thick paint film:
– Entrapped solvents
• Make sure to use a correct
overlapping between the
passes Application: Spray_technique2
• An overlapping of
approximately 50 % gives a
uniform film thickness

Unskilled personnel. Non - Systematic
Spraying of a large surface
• Non systematic spraying Several holidays
• Uneven spraying and paint film thickness
Cd-4934-38

Unskilled personnel.
Non - systematic spraying of bullwark
• Several holidays
• Uneven spraying and paint film thickness
• Stripe coating is missing
Cd-4934-39

Antifouling has polished
down to the black primer
Reason:
• The ship may have been in service too long
• Too little A/F has been applied
• Uneven film thickness has been applied.
Cd-4934-85

Rules for application
• Start moving the spray gun

before pulling the trigger
• Release trigger before stopping

the movement
• Use smooth and even strokes

• Use as low pressure as possible
to obtain a homogenous fan

Application with a spray gun.
Stroke and triggering
Structure
Start stroke → Pull trigger → Release trigger → End stroke

Incorrect application technique.
Waving with the gun
Result:
• Uneven paint film
• Dry-spraying will
occur
• The loss factor will Cd-4934-31
be high
• The roughness will
increase

Application of inside corners
Air cushion is formed Area with thin

layer of paint
Area with
thick paint film
Application directly into the corner gives an uneven film thickness,

but may still be satisfactory for many types of service
(Source:
Industrial Maintenance Painting, National Association of Corrosion Engineers; Houston TX, p. 88, 1973.)

Airless spraying.
Outside and inside corners
• The applicator must

position himself correctly
• Apply stripe coating
• Keep an angle of 90
degrees to the substrate
• Sharp, inside corners:
Difficult to apply the
paint at the bottom of
the corner
• Apply a stripe coating
Application: Spray_corner1

Surfaces with deep pits
Air will be compressed in pits and push the paint back.

This makes use of airless spray on such areas almost impossible

Not always easy to be the applicator
Application in a narrow space
Good planning of the work, systematic
work and good experience is required.
Why not
Cd-4934-29
gloves ?

Incorrect use of airless spray
equipment will result in:
• Too much paint dust

• A rough surface
• Pinholes in the paint film
• Entrapped air
• Entrapped solvents
• Too high paint consumption

Application by means of an extension”
Very poor application technique

• Home-made
solution
• Impossible to
have control of
the spray gun
• Will give a very Cd-4934-75
poor paint film

Application technique
Using a combination of tools
• Some areas are

difficult to reach with a
spray gun
• Start with the paint
brush
• Then, use the back
roller
• Finally, apply the
remaining areas with
the spray gun
Application: Roller_brush1

Time Aspects
• Shelf Life (acceptable storage time “on the shelf” in the paint
store)
• Pot Life (how long you can continue to apply a two-pack paint
after the two components have been mixed)
• Induction Time (pre-reaction of the two components in

the tin prior to application)
• Drying Times (time required from application and until the

paint becomes Surface dry/ Hard dry / Fully Cured)
• Re-coating Interval (minimum / maximum time

between applying subsequent coats)
…and they are all temperature dependent!

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Application

Good work practise

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Make sure to use

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Remove all loose

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Component B is poured into

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Use of roller for application

Roller application will not ensure

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Application of the 1st

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Often the paint brushes are

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Type of roller to use

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Stripe coat with paint brush:

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Use a good quality

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• All welding seams

Note the contrasting colours.

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Note the contrasting colours.

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

• Stripe coating is a time

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Two applicators, both well protected

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Nguyen Cong Thuan/JPS DNV Vinashin Training/ 2007

Applicator saves time: Up to 50 -