Chapter review 5

1 a ar 2 = 27 and ar 5 = 8 2 a ar = 80 and ar 4 = 5.12

ar 5 8 ar 4 5.12
2
= =
ar 27 ar 80
8 8
r3 = r3 =
27 125
2 2
r= r=
3 5

b ar 2 = 27 b ar = 80
2
2 2
a   = 27 a   = 80
3 5
243 a = 200
a=
4
a
c S∞ =
a 1− r
c S∞ = 200
1− r =
243 2
1−  
5
= 4
2 1000
1−   =
3 3
729
=
4 a (1 − r n )
d Sn =
1− r
a (1 − r n )   2 14 
d Sn = 200 1 −   
1− r  5 
S14 =  
243   2  
10
2
1 −    1−
4   3   5
S10 =
2 = 333.3324...
1−
3 1000
S∞ − S14= − 333.3324...
58025 3
=
324 = 8.95 ×10−4 (3 s.f.)
729 58025
S∞ − S10 = − n
4 324 4
3 a un = 95  
256 5
=
81 1
4
= 3.16 (3 s.f.) =u1 95
=   76
5
2
 4  304
=u2 95
=  
5 5

21
4
b u21 95
= =   0.876 (3 s.f.)
5

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 a (1 − r n ) 2
n +1

3 c Sn = c un +1 3  
= −1
1− r 3
  4 15   2  2 
n

76 1 −    = 3    −1
 5   3  3 
S15 =  
4 1 2
n

1− = 2 × 3   − 3 
5 3  3 

= 366.62...
1 
n
= 367 (3 s.f.) 2
=  2 × 3   − 2 − 1
3 3 
a
d S∞ = 1   2  
n

1− r =  2 ×  3   − 1 − 1
76 3    3   
 
S∞ =
4 2un − 1
1− =
5 3
= 380
5 a ar 2 = 6.4 and ar 3 = 5.12
n
2 ar 3 5.12
4 =
a un 3   − 1 =
3 ar 2 6.4
2
1
r = 0.8
u1 3   =
= −1 1
3
2 b ar 2 = 6.4
2 1
a ( 0.8 ) = 6.4
2
u2 3   =
= −1
3 3
3 a = 10
2 1
u3 =3   − 1 =−
3 9 a
c S∞ =
1− r
2
15 n
15
2 15 n
10
b ∑ 3 = − 1 ∑ 3   − ∑1 S∞ =
= 3
n 1 = n 1=3 n 1 1 − 0.8
n = 50
2
15
= ∑ 3   − 15
n=1  3 
a (1 − r n )
 2  15 d Sn =
2 1 −    1− r
 3 
S15 =   10 (1 − 0.825 )
2 S 25 =
1− 1 − 0.8
3
= 49.811...
= 5.986... S∞ − S 25 =50 − 49.811...
S15 − 15 = −9.014 (4 s.f.)
= 0.1888...
= 0.189 (3 s.f.)

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6 a Let price of the car be P.
= P 20000 × 0.85n
= P 20000 × 0.855
= 8874.10...
= $8874 (to the nearest $)

b The car will be worth $4000 after

20000 × 0.85n = 4000
0.85n = 0.2
n log 0.85 = log 0.2
log 0.2
n=
log 0.85
n = 9.903...
So the car will be worth less than $4000 when n > 9.90 years (3 s.f.).

7 a p ( 3q + 1) , p ( 2q + 2 ) , p ( 2q − 1)
p ( 3q + 1) p ( 2q + 2 )
=
p ( 2q + 2 ) p ( 2q − 1)
( 3q + 1)( 2q − 1)= ( 2q + 2 )( 2q + 2 )
6q 2 − q − 1= 4q 2 + 8q + 4
2q 2 − 9q − 5 =0
( q − 5)( 2q + 1) =
0
1
q = 5 or q = −
2

7 b When q = 5 the first three terms are 16 p, 12p, 9p .

a
S∞ =
1− r
16 p
= 896
1 − 0.75
p = 14
a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1− r
224 (1 − 0.7512 )
S12 =
1 − 0.75
= 867.617...
= 867.62 (2 d.p.)

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8 a S n =a + ( a + d ) + ( a + 2d ) + ... + ( a + ( n − 2 ) d ) + ( a + ( n − 1) d ) (1)
S n = ( a + ( n − 1) d ) + ( a + ( n − 2 ) d ) + ... + ( a + d ) + a (2)
Adding (1) and (2) gives
2 S=
n n ( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
n
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )

100
b S=
100
2
( 2 (1) + (100 − 1)1)
= 5050

n
9 ∑ ( 4r − 3) > 2000
r =1
a = 1 and d = 4
n
2
( 2 (1) + 4 ( n − 1) ) > 2000
n ( 2 + 4 ( n − 1) ) > 4000
n ( 2n − 1) > 2000
2n 2 − n − 2000 > 0

( −1) − 4 ( 2 )( −2000 )
2
1±
n=
2 ( 2)
= 31.87...
So n = 32.

10 a 2a + d = 47 (1)
a + 29d = −62 (2)
Subtracting (1) from 2 × (2)
2a + 58d − ( 2a + d ) =
−124 − 47
57 d = −171
d = −3
When d = −3, a = 25.

n
10 b S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
60
S60
=
2
( 2 ( 25) + ( 60 − 1)( −3) )
= −3810

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11 a The series is 3, 6, 9, … 399 15 a a + 4d = 14 and S3 = −3
a = 3, d = 3, n = 133 n
n S= ( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
S=n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) n
2
3
133 S3 = ( 2a + ( 3 − 1) d ) = −3
S=133
2
( 2 ( 3) + (133 − 1) 3) 2
a+d = −1
= 26733 a + 4d − ( a + d ) = 14 − ( −1)
1 3d = 15
b=
Sn n ( n + 1)
2 d =5
1 a = −6
S 400 = ( 400 )( 401)
2
= 80200 b T ( n) =−11 + 5n
80200 − 26733 = 53467 −11 + 5n > 282
5n > 293
n
12 S=n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) n>
293
5
10
S10=
2
( 2a + (10 − 1) d=) 675 n = 59
2a + 9d = 135 16 a a + 3d = 3k and S= 7k + 9
6
Since the longest side is twice the length
n
of the shortest side S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d )
a + 9d = 2a ⇒ a = 9d
3a = 135 6
S6 = ( 2a + ( 6 − 1) d ) = 7 k + 9
a = 45 cm 2
6a + 15d =7 k + 9 (1)
13 The series is 4, 8, 12, … with 2n terms a + 3d = 3k (2)
n Subtracting 5 × (2) from (1)
S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) 6a + 15d − 5 ( a + 3d ) = 7 k + 9 − 15k
2n a= 9 − 8k
S=
2n
2
( 2 ( 4 ) + 4 ( 2n − 1) )
= 4n ( 2n + 1) b a= 9 − 8k and a + 3d =
3k
9 − 8k + 3d =3k
11k − 9
14 a un +1 =kun − 4, u1 =2 d=
3
u=
2 2k − 4
u=
3 k ( 2k − 4 ) − 4 c a + 6d =
12
11k − 9
= 2 ( k 2 − 2k − 2 ) where a= 9 − 8k and d =
3
 11k − 9 
b u3 = 26 9 − 8k + 6  = 12
 3 
2 ( k 2 − 2k − 2 ) =
26 9 − 8k + 22k − 18 = 12
k 2 − 2k − 15 =
0 14k = 21
( k + 3)( k − 5) =
0
k=
3
−3 or k =
k= 5 2

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 11k − 9 3 19 a a = 130 and S∞ = 650
16 d a= 9 − 8k , d = and k =
3 2 a
S∞ =
3 1− r
a= 9 − 8  = −3
2 130
= 650
3 1− r
11  − 9
2 5 4
=d = r=
3 2 5
n 6
S=n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) b ar 6 130
= =
4
  34.078...
5
20  5 
 2 ( −3) + ( 20 − 1) 
7
S 20
= 74
2  2  =ar 130=   27.262...
5
= 415 7 6
ar − ar = 6.82 (3 s.f.)
1
17 a =
an +1 = , a1 p a (1 − r n )
an
c Sn =
1 1− r
a2 =
p   4 7 
130 1 −   
1  5 
a3 = p
= S7 =  
1 4
 p 1−
  5
a1 = a3 = 513.685...
Therefore the sequence is periodic = 513.69 (2 d.p.)
with order 2.
a (1 − r n )
1000
 1 d Sn =
∑
b = an 500  p + 
p
1− r
n =1    4 n 
130 1 −   
 
18 a a1 = k   5   > 600
an +1 = 2an + 6, n ≥ 1 4
1−  
5
a=
2 2k + 6
  4  n  60
a3 = 2 ( 2k + 6 ) + 6 = 4k + 18 5 1 −    >
  5   13
a1 < a2 < a3 ⇒ k < 2k + 6 < 4k + 18  
n
0 < k + 6 < 3k + 18  4  12
1−   >
−2k < 12  5  13
n
k > −6 4 1
  <
 5  13
b a4 = 2 ( 4k + 18 ) + 6 = 8k + 42
4
n log   < − log13
4 5
c ∑a
r =1
r =k + 2k + 6 + 4k + 18 + 8k + 42
n>−
log13
4
= 15k + 66 log  
5
= 3 ( 5k + 22 )
So since this is a multiple of 3 it is
divisible by 3.

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20 a The model is 25000 ×1.02n where n is the 21 c ii q 2 + 2q − 1520 > 0
time in years since 2018. q 2 + 2q − 1520 > 0
25000 ×1.022 = 26010
−2 ± 22 − 4 (1)( −1520 )
q=
b 25000 ×1.02n > 50000 2
1.02n > 2 −2 ± 78
=
n log1.02 > log 2 2
log 2 q= −40 or q = 38
n>
log1.02 q > 38, so q = 39 rows

log 2 22 a ar = −3 and S∞ = 6.75

c n> a
log1.02 S∞ =
n > 35.002... 1− r
2053 a
= 6.75
1− r
a (1 − r n ) = a 6.75 (1 − r )
d Sn =
1− r Substituting for a into ar = −3 gives
25000 (1.028 − 1) 6.75r (1 − r ) =−3
S8 =
1.02 − 1 6.75r − 6.75r 2 =
−3
= 214574.22... 6.75r 2 − 6.75r − 3 =0
= 214574 appointments 27 r 2 − 27 r − 12 =
0

e People may visit the doctor more b 27 r 2 − 27 r − 12 =

0
frequently than once a year, some may not
( −27 ) − 4 ( 27 )( −12 )
2
visit at all, depending on state of health. 27 ±
r=
2 ( 27 )
21 a 2n + 1
27 ± 45
=
b 2k + 1 =301 54
k = 150 4 1
r = or r = −
3 3
n Since the series is convergent |r| < 1 so
c i S=
n
2
( 2a + ( n − 1) d ) 1
r= −
q 3
S=
q
2
( 2 ( 3) + 2 ( q − 1) )
= q (2 + q) a (1 − r n )
c Sn =
Since S q = p 1− r
  1 5 
p q (2 + q)
= 9 1 −  −  
  3 
q 2 + 2q − p =
0 S5 =  
 1
1−  − 
 3
61
=
9
= 6.78 (2 d.p.)

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Challenge

a u=
n+2 5un +1 − 6un
un = p × 3n + q × 2n
un + 2= 5 ( p × 3n +1 + q × 2n +1 ) − 6 ( p × 3n + q × 2n )
1 1  1 1 
= 5  p × 3n + 2 + q × 2n + 2  − 6  p × 3n + 2 + q × 2n + 2 
3 2  9 4 
5 5 6 6
= p × 3n + 2 + q × 2n + 2 − p × 3n + 2 − q × 2n + 2
3 2 9 4
n+2 n+2
= p × 3 + q × 2 (as required)

b u1 = 5 and u2 = 12
un = p × 3n + q × 2n
u1 = p × 31 + q × 21 ⇒ 3 p + 2q = 5 (1)
u2 = p × 32 + q × 22 ⇒ 9 p + 4q = 12 (2)
Subtracting 2 × (1) from (2) gives
9 p + 4q − 2 ( 3 p + 2q ) =12 − 2 ( 5 )
3p = 2
2
p=
3
3
q=
2
2 3
un = × 3n + × 2n
3 2

2 100 3 100
c u100 = ×3 + ×2
3 2
= 3.436 ×1047 (3 s.f.)
So 48 digits.

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