Exercise 5E

1 a i r = 0.1 so the series is convergent as 3 a = −5, S∞ = −3

r <1 −5
= −3
1− r
1 10 −5 = −3(1 − r)
ii S∞ = =
1 − 0.1 9 3r = −2
2
r= −
b r = 2 so the series is not convergent as 3
r
 1 .
2
4 S∞ = 60 , r =
c i r = −0.5 so the series is convergent as 3
r <1. a
= 60
2
1−
3
10 20 2
ii S∞ = = =6 a
1 + 0.5 3 3 = 60
1
d This is an arithmetic series and so does not 3
converge. a = 20

e r = 1 so the series is not convergent as 1

5 S∞ = 10 , r = −
r 1 . 3
a
= 10
1
1 1+
f i r= so the series is convergent as 3
3
a
r <1 = 10
4
3 9 1 3
ii S∞ = = =4
1 2 2 40 1
1− =a = 13
3 3 3
g This is an arithmetic series and so does not 23 23 23
converge. 6 0.2 3=
… + + +…
100 10 000 1 000 000
0.23… = 100 → 10 00 →
1 1
h i r = 0.9 so the series is convergent as ×
100
×
100
r <1. This is an infinite geometric series:
9 23 1
ii S∞ = = 90 a= and r = .
1 − 0.9 100 100
a
Use S∞ = .
2 a = 10, S∞ = 30 1− r
23 23
10 
0.23…= 100
= 100
= 30 1 − 100
1 99
1− r 100

10 = 30(1 − r) 23 100 23
= × =
30r = 20 100 99 99
2
r=
3

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7 S3 = 9 , S ∞ = 8 10 a a = 30, S∞ = 240
a (1 − r 3 ) 30
=S3 = 9 (1) = 240
1− r 1− r
a 1
S∞ = 8
= (2) = 1− r
1− r 8
8(1 − r 3 ) =9 (substituting (2) into (1)) 7
r=
9 8
1− r3 =
8
b u4 − u5 = ar3 − ar4
1
r3 = − 7
3
7
4
8 = 30   − 30  
1 8 8
r= − = 2.51
2
 1
a 8 1 +  (from (2))
=   7 4 
 2 30 1 −   
a = 12  8 
c S4 =  
7
8 a a = 1, r = −2x 1−
8
As the series is convergent, −2 x < 1 = 99.3
1
If x < 0 then 2x < 1, so x < ;
2   7 n 
30 1 −   
1  8 
if x > 0 then −2x < 1, so x > − d If S n =
=   180
2 7
1 1 1−
Hence, − <x< . 8
2 2  7  n

30 1 −   
1  8 
b S∞ =   = 180
1+ 2x 1
8
9 a a = 2, S∞= 16 × S3 7
n

1−   = 0.75
2(1 − r 3 ) 8
S3 =
1− r 0.875n = 0.25
2(1 − r 3 ) 2 log 0.25
16 × = n=
1− r 1− r log 0.875
3
32(1 − r ) = 2 n = 10.38
15 n = 11
r3 =
16
r = 0.9787 15
11 a ar = , S∞ = 8
8
b u4 = ar3 = 2 × 0.97873 = 1.875 a
=8
1− r
a = 8(1 − r)
15
a=
8r
15
= 8(1 − r )
8r
15 = 64r − 64r2
64r2 − 64r + 15 = 0
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 11 b (8r − 3)(8r − 5) = 0 Challenge
3 5
r = or r =
8 8 a First series a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + ...
Second series a 2 + a 2 r 2 + a 2 r 4 + a 2 r 6 + ...
3 The second series is geometric with common
c When r =
8 ratio is r2 and first term a2.
 3
a = 8 1 −  = 5 a
= 7 ⇒ a = 7 (1 − r ) ⇒ a 2 = 49 (1 − r )
2
 8 b
5 1− r
When r = 49 (1 − r )
2
8 a2
= 35 ⇒ =35
 5 1− r2 (1 + r )(1 − r )
a = 8 1 −  = 3
 8 49 (1 − r )= 35 (1 + r )
49 − 49r =35 + 35r
3
dr= 84r = 14
8
  3 n  1
r=
5 1 −    6
 8 
=If S n =   7.99
3
1−
8
 3  n

5 1 −   
 8 
  = 7.99
5
8
1 − 0.375n = 0.99875
n
0.375 = 0.00125
log 0.00125
n=
log 0.375
n = 6.815
n=7

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3