Republic of the Philippines

Department of Educ ation

National Capital Region
Division of C ity Sc hools
STO. NIÑO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Agrc ultores St., Sto. Niño, M arikina City

Name: Date:
Yr./Section: Teacher:
Activity Title:

INFORMATION SHEET No. 1-1

OPERATING SYSTEM

Learning Objectives:

After reading this Information Sheet you should be able to:

1. Define what an Operating System is

2. Enumerate different Operating System
3. Enumerate the Components of an Operating System

OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system or OS is a software program that enables the
computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software.
Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs
would be useless.
When computers was first introduced, the user interacted with them
using a command line interface, which required commands. Today, almost
every computer is using a Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating system that
is much easier to use and operate.

EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEMS

Unix And Unix-Like Operating Systems

Unix was originally written in assembly language. Ken Thompson wrote B,

mainly based on BCPL, based on his experience in the MULTICS project. B was
replaced by C, and Unix, rewritten in C, developed into a large, complex
family of inter-related operating systems which have been influential in every
modern operating system.
 The Unix-like family is a diverse group of operating systems, with several
major sub-categories including System V, BSD, and Linux. The name "UNIX" is
a trademark of The Open Group which licenses it for use with any operating
system that has been shown to conform to their definitions. "UNIX-like" is
commonly used to refer to the large set of operating systems which resemble
the original UNIX.

OS X

The standard user interface of OS X

OS X (formerly "Mac OS X") is a line of open core graphical operating

systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-
loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers. OS X is the successor
to the original Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since
1984. Unlike its predecessor, OS X is a UNIX operating system built on
technology that had been developed at NeXT through the second half of the
1980s and up until Apple purchased the company in early 1997. The operating
system was first released in 1999 as Mac OS X Server 1.0, with a desktop-
oriented version (Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah") following in March 2001. Since
then, six more distinct "client" and "server" editions of OS X have been
released, until the two were merged in OS X 10.7 "Lion".
Linux

The Linux kernel originated in 1991, as a project of Linus Torvalds, while

a university student in Finland. He posted information about his project on a
newsgroup for computer students and programmers, and received support and
assistance from volunteers who succeeded in creating a complete and
functional kernel.

Ubuntu, desktop Linux distribution

Android, a popular mobile operating system based on a modified version of the

Linux
kernel.
Google Chrome OS

Chrome OS is an operating system based on the Linux kernel and

designed by Google. It is developed out in the open in the Chromium OS open
source variant and Google makes a proprietary variant of it (similar to the split
for the Chrome and Chromium browser). Since Chromium OS targets computer
users who spend most of their time on the Internet, it is mainly a web browser
with limited ability to run local applications, though it has a built-in file
manager and media player (in later versions, (modified) Android apps have also
been supported, since the browser has been made to support them). Instead, it
relies on Internet applications (or Web apps) used in the web browser
to accomplish tasks such as word processing. Chromium OS differs from
Chrome OS in that Chromium is open-source and used primarily by developers
whereas Chrome OS is the operating system shipped out in Chromebooks.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a family of proprietary operating systems designed

by Microsoft Corporation and primarily targeted to Intel architecture based
computers, with an estimated 88.9 percent total usage share on Web
connected computers. The latest version is Windows 10.
In 2011, Windows 7 overtook Windows XP as most common version in
use.
Microsoft Windows was first released in 1985, as an operating
environment running on top of MS-DOS, which was the standard operating
system shipped on most Intel architecture personal computers at the time. In
1995, Windows 95 was released which only used MS-DOS as a bootstrap. For
backwards compatibility, Win9x could run real-mode MS-DOS and 16 bits
Windows 3.x] drivers. Windows ME, released in 2000, was the last version in
the Win9x family. Later versions have all been based on the Windows NT
kernel. Current client versions of Windows run on IA-32, x86-64 and 32-bit
ARM microprocessors In addition Itanium is still supported in older server
version Windows Server 2008 R2. In the past, Windows NT supported
additional architectures.
 SELF CHECK No. 1-1

I. Analysis: Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of your choice on the space
provided. (1pt@)
A: if only A is correct
B: if only B is correct
C: if both A and B are correct
D. if both A and B are incorrect

_____1. A. An OS is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate
with the computer software.
B. OS stands for Operation System.

_____2. A. Android are modified system devised as advance Linux OS.

B. OS X are developed by Apple Inc.

_____3. A. Unix is wrote by Linus Torvald.

B. BCPL was wrote by Ken Thompsom.

_____4. A. OS X is the successor to the original Mac OS,

B. Android, a popular mobile operating system based on a modified version of the
Linux kernel.

_____5. A. The Linux kernel originated in 1991

B. MAC OS was introduced in 1988.

II. Discrimination: Choose the letter that DOESN’T belong to the group. Write your answers on the space provided.
(1pt@)

_____1. A. Operating System B. OS C. OS X D. Operating Software

_____2. A. Machintosh B. Android C. OS X D. Mac
_____3. A. Google B. Chromium C. GC OS D. Windows
_____4. A. Windows B. Mac OS C. Android D. Mouse
_____5. A. AndroidOS B. Windows 7 C. Windows 8 D. Windows 10