Uzhavarin Valarum Velanmai

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Regd. No. : DRO / CBE / Ref. No/ 11491 / 2009
Registrar of Newspapers for India No. TN / TAM /18594/09
Postal Regn. No. CB/063/2009 - 2011

etk;gh] 2009 tpiy +. 10.00

jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;

gEöB nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
mr]rpl;nlhh] : cjak; mr]rfk;/ 51/ bt';fplrhkp rhiy (nkw;F)/
R.S. g[uk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 002. bjhiyngrp : 0422-2541551
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4. bjd:idapy; CLgaph] rhFgoapy; btw;wp mDgt';fs: 16 : Kidth] ,uh. mUs; bkhHpahd;

nguhrphpah] (njhl;lf;fiy)
5. bjd:idf;Fj; njit brhl;L ePh]]ghrdk; 22
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6. bjd:id lhdpf; 27 nguhrphpia (cHtpay;)

7. bjd:idf;F xU';fpize;j cu nkk;ghL 29 : Kidth] J. khyjp

nguhrphpia (cztpay;)
8. bjd:idiaj; jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfSk;
: Kidth] f. Fkud;
fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; KiwfSk; 37 ,izg] nguhrphpah] (tdtpay;)

9. bjd:idia jhf;Fk; neha;fSk;

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10. bjd:idapy; mjpf kfNy; bgw yhgfukhd cj;jpfs: 55 Mrphpah]
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cHthpd; tsUk; ntshzik
: jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;
,jHpy; tUk; fUj;Jf;fSf;F nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
mtw;wpd: fl;Liu Mrphpah]fns bghWg;ghth] bjhiyngrp vz: - 0422 - 6611233
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cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
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cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

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epytukhFk;. ,t;tUlj;jpy; ruhrhp kfNyhdJ 8/165 fha;fs; vf;nlh] vd;w
mstpy; ,Ue;jJ. khepy';fs; mstpy; ghh]g]nghnkahdhy;/ jkpH;ehL/
yl;rj;jPtpw;F mLj;jgoahf 14/495 fha;fs; vf;nlh] vd;w mstpw;F kfNy;
mspj;Js;sJ. jkpH;ehl;oy; 2006-07 k; Mz;L bjd;idahdJ 3.70 yl;rk;
vf;nlhpy; rhFgo bra;ag]gl;L 4/867 kpy;ypad; fha;fisj; je;Js;sJ. mfpy
,e;jpa mstpy; jkpH;ehl;od; kfNy; ed;whf cs;sJ vd;whYk;/
nkYk; kfNy; Tl/ kugpay; Muha;r]rpfis nkw;bfhs;tJ kpft[k;
mtrpakhdjhFk;.
xt]bthU gaphpYk; kugpay; kw;Wk; gaph] ,dg]bgUf;f Muha;r]rp \yk;
g[jpa tsh]g]g[fs;/ xl;L ,uf';fs; btspaplg]gl;L tptrhapfSf;F
tH';fg]gl;L tUfpwJ. rpy khj';fns taypy; ,Uf;Fk; gaph]fshd bey;/
nrhsk;/ kf;fhr]nrhsk; kw;Wk; gy gaph]fspy; xU ,ufk; my;yJ xl;L ,ufk;
kyh] - 1 5 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
btspapl Fiwe; j J 6 Kjy; 8 tUl Muha; r ] r p nkw; b fhs; s
ntz;oajpUf;Fk;. Mdhy; bjd;idia bghWj;j tiu xU ,ufnkh
my;yJ xU xl;L ,ufnkh btspapl Fiwe;jJ 15 tUl';fshtJ MFk;.
vdnt bjd;idapy; nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oa Muha;r]rpahdJ mLj;j 15-20
tUl'f; Sff
; hd njit vdd
; thf ,UfF
; bkdg
; ij gh[peJ
; nkwb
; fhss
; gg
] l
ntz;oajhFk;.
bghJthf Xuhz;Lg]gaph]fspy; bjhpt[ bra;ag]gl;l tsh]g]g[fis xl;L
nrh]j;J mjd; re;ejpfis ghpnrhjid bra;J jha; je;ij ,uf';fSld;
bghJ kw;Wk; rpwg]g[ nrUk; jpwd; Mfpatw;iw fzf;fpl;L xl;L ,uf';fs;
kw;Wk; tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fs; btspapLtJ tHf;fk;. Mdhy; bjd;idapy;
mt;thW vspjpy; bra;a Koahj epiy cs;sJ. vdnt/ bjd;idapy;
nkw;bfhs;sg]gLk; Muha;r]rpahdJ ,U fl;lkhf bray;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ.
Kjyhtjhf/ ntW ntW ,l';fspy; epiy bfhz;L tsh]e;J tUk; bjhpt[
bra;ag]gl;l bel;il/ Fl;il tsh]g]g[fspypUe;J fha;fs; gwpf;fg]gl;L
Muha;r]rp epiya';fSf;F bfhz;L tug]gLfpd;wd. gpd; mitfspypUe;J
ehw;Wf;fs; tsh]f;fg]gl;L Xhplj;jpy; mit taypy; elg]gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW
tsh]f;fg]gLfpd;w bjd;d';fd;Wfs; 3 Kjy; 6 tUl';fs; fHpj;J fha;f;fj;
bjhl';Fk;. fha;f;f Muk;gpj;J 6 Kjy; 7 tUl';fs; tiu xU kuk;
epiyahd kfNy; juhJ. epiyahd kfNy; 7 tUl';fs; fHpj;J jUfpd;wJ.
,J jl;gbtg]g epiy kw;Wk; kuj;jpd; jd;ikiag] bghWj;J ntWgLk;.
,t;thW epiyj;Jtk; bgw;w ku';fshdJ Fiwe;jJ 50 tUl';fs; tiu
Fl;il ,ufj;jpYk;/ 80 tUl';fs; tiu bel;il ,ufj;jpYk; kfNy;
juty;yJ. ,t;thW Xhplj;jpy; Muha;r]rpf;fhf nrfhpf]fg]gl;l bjhpt[fs;
kugq bjhFjp (b$h]k;gpshrk;) vd;W miHf;fg]gLfpwJ. bjd;id
tptrhapfspd; njitf;nfw;g ,it ghpnrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg]gl;L ey;y
bjhpt[fs; ,uf';fshf btspaplg]gLfpd;wd.
,uz;lhtJ KiwahdJ tPhpa xl;L ,ufk; btspapLtjhFk;.
bjd;idapYk; kw;w gaph]fisg] nghy; tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fis btspapl
Koa[k; vd;gij gl;nly; vd;gth] 1934-k; Mz;L fz;Lgpoj;Js;shh].
bjd;idapy; bghJthf bel;il kw;Wk; Fl;il tsh]g]g[fs; cs;sd. ,it
,uz:ila[k; xl;L nrh]f;Fk; nghJ tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
jw;nghJ eilbgw;W tUk; Muha;r]rpapy; bel;il x Fl;il/ Fl;il x
bel;il/ Fl;il x Fl;il kw;Wk; bel;il x bel;il nghd;w gy;ntW
kyh] - 1 6 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
fyg]g[fis cw;gj;jp bra;J mtw;iw taypy; el;L Fiwe;jJ 15 tUl
ghpnrhjidf;Fg]gpd; tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fshf mit btspaplg]gLfpd;wd.
vdnt gy tpjkhd nrh]f;iffs; bra;jhy;jhd; vJ gad;jUk; vd;gij
fz;lwpa ,aYk;. ,t;thW bra;ag]gl;l mfpy ,e;jpa ghpnrhjidapd;
tpisthf nkw;F flw;fiu bel;il x rt;fhl; Mu";R Fl;il, rt]fhl;
Mu";R Fl;il x nkw;F flw;fiu bel;il/ nkw;F flw;fiu bel;il x
knyad; k";rs; Fl;il nghd;w tPhpa xl;Lf;fs; mjpf mst[ kfNy;
juty;yJ vd fz;lwpag]gl;Ls;sJ. jkpHfj;jpy; bjd;id Muha;r]rpahdJ
bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ ntg]g';Fsk; kw;Wk; MHpahh] efhpy;
bray;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,e;j Muha;r]rpapd; gydhf/ ntg]g';Fsk; Muha;r]rp
epiyaj;jpypUe;J ,J tiu \d;W tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fSk; (tp.vr]. rp. 1,2,3),
,uz;L ,uf';fSk; (tp.gp.vk; 1/ nfu nfusk;) btspaplg]gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thW
gy;ntW ,uf';fis btspapl;lhYk; mtw;wpd; jha;Fzk; khwhj
fd;Wfis tptrhapfSf;F ju ntz;oaJ kpft[k; mtrpakhFk;. ,jd;
bghUl;L ed;F tpisr]ry; jpwd; mwpag]gl;l jha; ku';fs; tpijj;
njh]tpw;fhf bjhpt[ bra;ag]gl;L mtw;wpypUe;J tpijf;fha;fs; mWtil
bra;ag]gl;L 10 khj';fs; tpise;j ed;F cauk; tsh]e;j ehw;Wf;fs;
tptrhapfSf;Fj; jug]gl;L tUfpwJ.
,e;jpa bjd;idj; bjhHpyhdJ 3000 tUl ghuk;ghpaj;Jld; cyfpd;
Kjd;Kiwahf tUlj;jpw;F 13 gpy;ypad; fha;fSld; 18 khepy';fspYk;
\d;W a{dpad; gpunjr';fspYk; tsh]e;J tUk; bjhHpyhFk;. cyfpd; kpfg]
bghpa kugqj; bjhFg]g[fis (321 tsh]g]g[fs; - 132 btsp ehl;oypUe;Jk;/ 189
cs; ehl;oypUe;Jk; bjhpt[ bra;J) Muha;r]rp epiyaj;jpy; itj;J/
tsh]j;J/ ghpnrhjpj;J/ jpwd; mwpe;J cgnahfg]gLj;JtjpYk; ,e;jpah kpfr]
rpwe;J tps';FfpwJ.
tajhd ku';fis ePf;fp/ g[jpa mjpf kfNy; juty;y tPhpa
xl;Lf;fd;Wfis eLtjd; \yKk;/ jFe;j ePh]/ cuk;/ gaph]/ g{r]rp kw;Wk;
neha; nkyhz; i kiaf; filg; g pog; g jd; \yKk; bjd; i dapd;
tpisr]riy nkYk; bgUf;f Koa[k;. mJ kl;Lkpd;wp/ gpd; tUk; fhy';fspy;
ePh] gw;whf;Fiw Vw;glf;Toa NHy; ,Uf;Fbkd;gjhy;/ twl;rpiaj; jh';fp
tsuf;Toa bel;ilj; bjhpt[fSld; fyg]g[ bra;ag]gl;l Fl;il ,ufk;
\ykhf bgwg]glf;Toa tPhpa xl;L ,uf';fspd; njit mjpfk; vd;gjpy;
ve;j tpj IaKkpy;iy.
kyh] - 1 7 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
bjd;id cah]tpisr]ry; ,uf';fs; kw;Wk; rhFgo
bjhHpy; El;g';fs;
,uh. itj;jpyp';fk;
bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyak;
ntg]g';Fsk; - 614 906
& : 04373 - 260205
bjd;id thH;tpy; gphpf;f Koahj xU fw;gftpUl;rk;. bjhd;Wbjhl;L
,J ek; fyhr]rhuj;Jld; kpft[k; beU';fpa cwt[ bfhz;lJ. fhuzk; ,jd;
KG mh]g]gzpg]g[j; jd;ik vd;gJ bjspthd fUj;J. ,jidf; fUj;jpy;
bfhz;Ljhd; ek; jPe;jkpHpy; bjd;dk;gps;is vd;W brhy;fpnwhk;. nkYk;
,jd; gad;ghL ehfhPfj;jpw;F Vw;wthW ehSf;F ehs; mjpfhpj;Jf;
bfhz;nl tUfpwJ. Mfnt ,jid tU';fhy';fspy; rpwe;j fl;Lf;nfhg]g[
Kiwapy; Rfhjhukhf gaphpl; L kf; f Sf; F mspg] g J midthpd;
flikahFk;.
cyf mu';fpy; bjd;idapy; ,e;jpahtpd; g';F
cyfpd; bjd;id gug]gstpy; 90 tpGf;fhLk;/ cw;gj;jpapy; 80
tpGf;fhLk; ,e;njhndrpah/ gpypg]igd;!;/ ,e;jpah kw;Wk; ,y';if Mfpa
ehd;F ehLfspy; cs;sJ. cyfpd; bkhj;j bjd;id gug]ghd 122 ,yl;rk;
vf;lhpy; Fwpg]ghf ,e;njhndrpah 37.12 ,yl;rk; vf;lh] rhFgo bra;J
Kjyplk; tfpf;fpwJ. ,uz;lhkplj;jpy; gpypg]igd;!; ehLk;; (30.77 ,yl;rk;
vf;lh]) \d;whtJ ,lj;jpy; ,e;jpaht[k; (19.46 ,yl;rk; vf;lh]) cs;sd.
Mdhy; cyf bkhj;j cw;gj;jpahd 61/165 kpy;ypad; fha;fspy; ek; ehL
14.811 kpy;ypad; nj';fha;fs; bgw;W Kjy; ,lj;jpYk;/ ,e;njhndrpah
kw;Wk; gpypg]igd;!; Kiwna ,uz;lhtJ (13/946 kpy;ypad; fha;fs;)/
\d;whtJ (1/504 kpy;ypad; fha;fs;) ,lj;jpYk; cs;sd. cw;gj;jpj;
jpwidg] bghWj;jtiu cyfpd; ruhrhpahf vf;lUf;F 4/545 fha;fshf
,Ue;jhYk; ,e;jpah vf;lUf;F 7/608 fha;fs; bgw;W Kjyplk; tfpf;fpwJ.
bjd;id rk;ge;jg]gl;l gaph] nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; bjd;id rhh]e;j
bjhHpy; f spy; 10 kpy; y paDf; F k; nkyhd kf; f s; <Lgl; L s; s dh] .
,e;jpahtpd; bkhj;j cs;ehl;L cw;gj;jp tUthapy; Mz;Lf;F ruhrhpahf
75/000 nfhoa[k;/ vz;bza; cw;gj;jpapy; 6 rjtPjKk;/ Vw;Wkjpapy; ,Ue;J
500 nfhoa[k; tUtha; bjd;id rhh]ghf cs;sd.
,e;jpa mu';fpy; bjd;idapy; jkpH;ehl;od; epiy
,e;jpahtpy; bjd;idapd; gug]ghd 19.46 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy; nfush 8.97
,yl;rk; vf;lh] rhFgo bra;J Kjy; ,lj;jpYk;/ jkpH;ehL 4.10 ,yl;rk; vf;lh]
kyh] - 1 8 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
rhFgo bra;J ,uz;lhtJ ,lj;jpYk;/ fh]ehlfh 3.85 ,yl;rk; vf;lh] rhFgo
bra;J \d;whtJ ,lj;jpYk; cs;sJ. Mdhy; ,e;jpahtpd; bkhj;j
cw;gj;jpahd 14/811 kpy;ypad; fha;fspy; 4/867 kpy;ypad; fha;fs; bgw;W
jkpHfk; ,uz;lhk; ,lj;jpYk;/ 6/326 kpy;ypad; fha;fs; bgw;W nfush Kjy;
,lj;jpYk;/ 1/209 kpy;ypad; fha;fs; bgw;W fh]ehlfh \d;whtJ ,lj;jpYk;
cs;sJ. cw;gj;jpj; jpwidg] bghWj;jtiu ,e;jpahtpd; ruhrhpahd
vf;lUf;F 7/608 fha;fs; vd;gjpy;/ vf;lUf;F 13/133 fha;fs; bgw;W jkpHfk;
Kd;dpiy tfpf;fpwJ. fle;j Ie;J Mz;Lfshf jkpH;ehl;oy; kl;Lk;
tUlj;jpw;F 10/000 vf;lh] tiu bjd;id gug]gst[ mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl
tUtjw;F etPd cHtpay; Kiwfs;/ cah]tpisr]ry; jUk; tPhpa xl;L
,uf';fs;/ rpwe;j gaph] ghJfhg]g[ kw;Wk; mjpf epfu ,yhgk; Mfpaitfs;
fhuz';fshFk;.
tPhpa xl;L bjd;id kw;Wk; ,uf';fs;
ntg]g';Fsk; bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyaj;jpy; ,uf nkk;ghL Kf;fpa
Muha;r]rp gzpfspy; xd;whf Kidg]g[ld; bray;gLj;jg]gLfpwJ. mjpf
fha;fs;/ mjpf bfhg]giu vil/ mjpf vz;bza;/ g{r]rp neha;fSf;F vjph]g]g[
rf;jp bfhz;l ,uf';fs; cUthf;fk; jhd; ,uf nkk;ghl;od; Kf;fpa
nehf;f';fshFk;. rhjhuz bel;il/ Fl;il bjd;idfis tpl tpiuthfg;
g{f;Fk; jd;ik/ tPhpa tsh]r]rp/ kuj;jpw;F Mz;ow;F mjpf fha;fs;/ mjpf
bfhg]giu vil kw;Wk; bfhg]giu kfNy; jUgitahf tPhpa xl;L bjd;id
tps';Ftjhy;/ mtw;iw cUthf;Fk; fUbthl;L gzpfs; bjhl';fg]gl;L
elj;jg]gLfpd;wd. mjd; fhuzkhf ,Jtiu tp.vr].rp 1/ tp.vr].rp 2 kw;Wk;
tp.vr] . rp 3 nghd; w \d; W tPhpa xl; L j; bjd; i d ,uf'; f s;
btspaplg]gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpd; bjd;d';fd;Wfs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gl;L
tpepnahfpf;fg]gLfpd;wd.
,it jtpu/ mjpf kfNy; jUk] \d;W bel]il ,uf';fs]
jkpH;ehl]oy; gaphpl Vw;wit. mtw;wpd] bjd;d';fd;Wfs; ntg]g';Fsk]
bjd]id Muha;r]rp epiyaj]jpy; cw]gj;jp bra;J tpepnahfpf;fg]gLfpwJ.
mit ntg]g';Fsk] 3/ fpHf]F flw;fiu bel]il kw;Wk] nkw;F flw;fiu
bel]il ,uf';fshFk].
tPhpa xl]L ,uf';fs]
bjd]idapy; mjpf kfNy; bgWtjw;fhf bel;ilf;Fk] Fl]ilf;Fk]
,ilna fUbthl]L Kiw 1970 y; bjhl';fg]gl]L ,Jtiu \d;W bel]il x
Fl]il tPhpa xl]L ,uf';fs] btspaplg]gl]Ls;sd. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; tPhpa
xl]L bjd;id ,ufj]ij btspapl]l bgUik ntg]g';Fsk] bjd;id
Muha;r]rp epiyaj;ij rhUk]. 1982k] Mz;L tp.vr].rp 1 vd;w bgahpy; Kjy;
bel]il x Fl]il tPhpa xl]L ,ufk] btspaplg]gl]lJ.
kyh] - 1 9 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

ntg]g';Fsk] tPhpa xl]L bjd]id ,uf';fs]

bel]il ,uf';fs]
,e]jpahtpy; btspaplg]gl;l Kjy; tPhpa xl;Lj] bjd]id.
re;jpu
tpgu';fs; tp. vr]. rp 1 tp. vr]. rp 2 tp. vr]. rp 3 ntg]g'; nkw;F fpHf;F MHpahh]efh] 1
r';fuh tpgu';fs] flw]fiu flw;fiu (murk]gl]o
(VHC 1) (VHC 2) (VHC 3)
(Kerala)
Fsk] 3
(VPM 3) bel]il (WCT) bel]il (ECT) bel]il)
btspaplg]gl;l
Mz;L 1982 1988 2000 1985
btspaplg]gl;l
Mz;L 1994 2007 - 2002
fpHf;F fpHf;F fpHf;F brsfhl;
flw;fiu flw;fiu flw;fiu Mu";R Fl;il nkw;F
bgw;nwhh]fs; me;jkhd] murk]gl]o
bel;il x bel;il x bel;il x x nkw;F rhjhuzk] flw;fiu
knyrpad; knyrpad; flw;fiu bgw;nwhh]fs; - bel]il
gr]ir Fl;il vd;w btspehl;L bel]il
k";rs; Fl;il Mu";R Fl;il bel;il bel]il jdptHp njh]t[
bjd]idapy;
g{f;Fk] taJ
(Mz:Lfs;) 3½ 3½ 3½ - 4 3½ - 4 jdp tHp njh]t[

kfNy; g{f;Fk] taJ

kuj;jpw;F / 120 fha;fs] 142 fha;fs] 157 fha;fs] 140 fha;fs; (Mz:Lfs;) 5½ 5-7 5-7 5-7
Mz;Lf;F
kfNy;
bfhg]giu vil kuj;jpw;F / 100 Kjy; 130 80 Kjy; 120
142 149 162 145 92 fha;fs] 126 fha;fs;
fpuhk] / fha; Mz;Lf;F fha;fs] fha;fs]

bfhg]giu bfhg]giu vil

tpisr]ry; fpuhk] / fha; 176 145 135 131
kuj]jpw;F / 14 fpnyh 22 fpnyh 25.4 fpnyh 20 fpnyh
Mz;Lf]F bfhg]giu
tpisr]ry;
vz;bza; kuj]jpw;F / 16 fpnyh 15 fpnyh 14 fpnyh 16 fpnyh
69 rjk] 70 rjk] 70 rjk] 68 rjk]
rj;J Mz;Lf]F
rpwg]g[ bel]il tp.vr].rp 1 I tpl tp.vr].rp 2 tPhpa mjpf fha; vz;bza;
Fzhjp ,uf';fis mjpf fha;fs]/ xl]il tpl 9 kfNy;. 70 rjk] 68 rjk] 68 rjk] 66.5 rjk]
rj;J
ra';fs] fhl]oYk] 38 rjk] bfhg]giu vil rjk] mjpf
mjpj kfNy;. kw;Wk] kfNy;. tl]ltot rpwg]g[ khdhthhp nkw;F fpHf;F
vz;bza; rj]J. fth]r]rpahd Fzhjp twl]rpiaj]
bfhg]giu vil fpHf;F fha;fs; kw;Wk] flw;fiuia flw;fiuia jh';fty;yJ.
flw;fiu ra';fs] ,witf;F rhh]e;j rhh]e;j
kw;Wk] vz;bza; fpHf;F
rjk; mjpfk; flw;fiu bel]iliatpl ,sePh] Vw;wJ. gFjpfspy; gFjpfspy;
bel]iliatpl 67 rjk] mjpf tpahghuj]jpw;F mjpfstpy; mjpfstpy;
FWfpa 55rjk] mjpf fha; kfNy; Vw;w fha;fs;. mjpf bfhg]giu gaph] gaph]
fhyj;jpy; fha; kfNy; vil bfhz;lJ. bra;ag] bra;ag]
g{f;Fk] jd;ik. 19.7 rjk] mjpf gLfpwJ. gLfpwJ.
bfhg]giu fpHf]F flw;fiu
kl]il kw;Wk] kfNy;.
Fiy bel]ilia tpl
rhpahj]jd;ik 15 rjk]
kl]il kw;Wk] mjpf kfNy;.
Fiy
rhpahj]jd;ik

kyh] - 1 10 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 11 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
,sePUf;fhd ,uf';fs;
Fl;il ,d ,uf';fshd brsfhl; Mu";R Fl;il/ knyrpad; Mu";R
Fl;il/ knyrpad; k";rs; Fl;il kw;Wk; fh';fge;jd; gr]ir Fl;il
Mfpait ,sePUf;F Vw;wJ. mtw;wpy; brsfhl; Mu";R Fl;il kpft[k;
cfe;jJ.
brsfhl; Mu";R Fl;il (rpXo)
,jd; fha;fs; fth]r]rpahd Mu";R epwKilait. ,J 3½
Mz;Lfspy; g{f;ff; ToaJ. Mz;L xd;wpw;F kuj;jpw;F 100 fha;fs;
juty;yJ. ,jpy; bkhj;j rh]f;fiu rj;J 6.0 rjk;/ fhpCl;lk; Fiwe;j
fh]f;fiu 3.5 rjk;/ bghl;lhrpak; (2050 gpgpvk;)/ Fiwe;j nrhoak; (18 gpgpvk;)/
mjpf caph]rj;J/ mjpf jhJg]bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Ritfhuzp (7.8) nghd;w
rpwg]g[ Fzhjpra';fis bfhz;lJ. ,jpy; 300-350 kpy;yp ,dpg]ghd ,sePh]
jUfpwJ.
bjd;id rhFgoapy; ,lh]ghLfSk; epth]j;jp KiwfSk;
FUk;ig bfhl;Ljy;
bjd;idapy; FUk;ig cjph]jy; gutyhd xU ,lh]ghlhFk;. ,jw;F
gy fhuz';fs; ,Ug]gpDk; ghuk;ghpa Fzk;/ kz;zpd; mjpf cth]/ fsh]
jd;ik/ ePh] nkyhz;ik/ kz;zpd; rj;J gw;whf;Fiw/ kfue;jr] nrh]f;if
Fiw/ gaph] t pid Cf; f p Fiwt[ kw; W k; g{r] r p neha; nghd; w it
Kf;fpaitfshf fUjg]gLfpwJ. ,tw;wpw;fhd epth]j;jpfis tphpthff;
fhzyhk;.
m. ghuk;ghpa Fzk;
FUk;ig bfhl;Ljy; guhk;ghpa fzkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. rpy ku';fspy;
ghis btof;fj; bjhl';fpa fhyk; Kjy; Vuhskhd FUk;igfs; gpoj;J
vy;yh FUk;igfSk; bjhlh]e;J bfhl;of; bfhz;nl ,Uf;Fk;. njhg]g[fspy;
xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L ku';fspy; ,f;FiwghL fhzg]glyhk;. mk;khjphp
ku';fs; bjhlh]e;J fha;f;f tha;g]gpy;yhikahy; mjid mfw;wptpl;L ey;y
jukhd fd;Wfis ek;gpf;ifahd ehw;w';fhypypUe;J th';fp el ntz;Lk;.
M. kz;zpd; mjpf cth]/ fsh] jd;ik
kz;zpy; mkpyj;jd;ik gp.vr]. 5 f;F Fiwthf my;yJ fhuj;jd;ik
gp.vr]. 8f;F mjpfkhFk;bghGJ FUk;igfs; bfhl;LtJ ,ay;ghFk;.
Mifahy; mkpyj;jd;ik mjpfkpUf;Fk; kz;zpy; kuj;jpw;F Rz;zhk;g[
rj;J ,l;Lk;/ fhuj;jd;ik mjpfkpUf;Fk; kz;zpy; $pg]rk; ,l;Lk;/ mkpyk;
kyh] - 1 12 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
kw;Wk; fsh]j; jd;ikia rhpbra;ayhk;. kz; ghpnrhjid bra;J mij
gp. vr]. jd;ikf;F Vw;wthW Rz;zhk;g[r]rj;J my;yJ $pg]rk; mst[fis
eph]zapj;J ,Ljy; mtrpakhFk;.
,. ePh] nkyhz;ik
bjd;id rhFgof;F jz;zPh] vt;tst[ ,d;wpaikahjnjh mnj
mst[ tofhy; trjpa[k; mtrpakhFk;. tofhy; trjp my;yhj kz;zpy;
bjd; i dapd; nth] f Sf; F fhw; n whl; l k; fpilg] g jpy; i y. ,jdhy;
nth]fSf;F fpilf;f ntz;oa ng+l;l';fSk;/ Ez;q}l;lr]rj;Jf;fSk;
jilgl;L/ nth]fs; fpufpj;Jf; bfhs;s ,ayhky; jhtu czt[ jahhpf;Fk;
bray; jilgLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,sk; fd;Wfspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wp ,iyfs;
k";rs; epwkilfpwJ. nkYk; tsh]e;j ku';fspy; FUk;igfSk;/
,s';fha;fSk; cjph]tjw;F tha;g]g[ cUthfpwJ. ,e;j ,lh]ghl;oidj;
jtph]f;f nghJkhd tofhy; trjp bra;jy; mtrpak;.
fLikahd twl;rp my;yJ ePz;l fhykhf ePh] gha;r]rhky;
guhkhpg]gpd;wp ,Uf;Fk; bjd;id ku';fspy; FUk;ig gpog]g[ mjpfk;
,y;yhkYk; kw;Wk; kl;ilfs; Jtz;L bjh';FtJk; fhzg]gLk;. ,ij
epth]j;jpf;f kiHf;fhy';fspy; njhg]g[fspy; bjd;id chp kl;ilfis
g[ijg]gjhYk; bjd;id ehh] fHpt[fis njhg]g[fspy; ,LtjhYk;/ kiHePh]
nrfhpf;fg]gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; FUk;igfs; cjph]tJ nfhilapy; fzprkhf
FiwfpwJ. vdnt bjd;idf;F mst[f;F mjpfkhd ePh] nj';fhkYk;/ mnj
rkaj;jpy; kz;zpy; <uk; nghfhkYk; guhkhpj;jy; ntz;Lk;. ghrd
trjpa[s;s njhg]g[fspy; bjd;idf;F 10 ehl;fSf;F xUKiw ePh]gha;r]Rjy;
mtrpakhFk;.
<. kz;zpy; rj;J gw;whf;Fiw
kz;zpy; gapUf;F nghJkhd mst[ gaph]r]rj;J czt[
fpilf;fhjnghJ FUk;ig cjph]jy; mjpfg]gLfpwJ. rhptpfpj/ Cl;lr]
rj;Jf;fis mspg]gjd; \yk;/ ,f;Fiwghl;oid rhp bra;ayhk;. kz;
ghpnrhjid bra;a trjpapy;yhj ,l';fspy; bghJg]ghpe;Jiuahf rpghhpR
bra;ag]gLk; cu';fshd a{hpah (1.3 fpnyh)/ Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; (2 fpnyh)
kw;Wk; \hpnal; Mg] bghl;lh#; (2 fpnyh) Mfpaitfis 50 fpnyh ed;F
kl;fpa bjhGcuj;Jld; fye;J xt;bthU kuj;jpw;Fk; xt;bthU tUlKk;
,lntz;Lk;.
,j;jifa ng+l;lf';fisj; jtpu Ez;q}l;l';fSk; FUk;ig
gpof;f njitg]gLfpwJ. bjd;id lhdpf; 40 kpy;ypa[ld; jz;zPh] 160 kpy;yp
fye;J MW khjj;jpw;F xU Kiw nth]\yk; cl;brYj;Jtjd; \yk;
FUk;ig gpog]gij mjpfhpf;fr] bra]ayhk;.
kyh] - 1 13 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
c. kfue;jr] nrh]f;if Fiwt[
bjd;idapy; may; kfue;jr] nrh]f;ifapy; fUt[Wjy; Vw;gl;L
FUk;igfs; fha;fshf tsh]r]rp bgWfpd;wd. fhw;wpdhYk;/ njdPf;fs;
nghd;w g{r]rp ,d';fspdhYk; bjd;idapy; may; kfue;jr] nrh]f;if
epfH]fpwJ. kfue;jr] nrh]f;if nghJkhd mst[ eilbgwhjnghJk;/
mjpfkhd kiH kw;Wk; fhw;wpdhYk; bgz; g{f;fs; FUk;igfshf
cjph]fpd;wd. ,e;j ,lh]ghl;oidf; fisa bjd;de; njhg]g[fspy;
mjpfstpy; njdPf;fis bgl;ofspy; tsh]g]gjd; \yk; may; kfue;jr;
nrh]f;ifia mjpfhpf;fyhk;. mjid Cf;Ftpf;f Vf;fUf;F 3 njdPg]
bgl;ofs; tPjk; guhkhpf;fyhk;.
C. gaph] tpid Cf;fpfspd; njit
FUk;igfspd; tsh]r]rpf;F gaph]tpid Cf;fpfs; njitg]gLfpwJ.
,itfspd; cw;gj;jp njitahd mst[f;F ,y;yhj bghGJ FUk;igfs;
cjph]tJz;L. Ma;t[fspd;go gaph] tsh]r]rp Cf;fpahd ehg]]jypd; mrpl;of;
mkpyj;ij (gpshndhgpf;!;) ghisfs; btoj;J 1 khjk; fHpj;J miukpy;yp
msit 1 ypl;lh] Rj;jkhd ePhpy; fye;J ghisfspy; bjspg]gjd; \yk;
,f;Fiwghl;oid jtph]f;fyhk;.
v. g{r]rpfs; kw;Wk; neha;fs;
ghis btoj;J FUk;igfs; fUt[Wk;nghJ rhW cwp";Rk; g{r]rpfs;
kw;Wk; g{rz neha]fspd; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shtJz;L. mitfisf;
fz; l wpe; J njitahd kUe; J fis ghpe; J iuf; f g] g l; l mstpy;
cgnahfpg]gjd; \yk; FUk;igfs; cjph]tijj; jLf;fyhk;.
bfhz:iltisjy; my;yJ ,iygphpahik
bjd;id ,iyfs; rpWj;J tphptilahky; fhzg]gLk;. ,J nghuhd;
vd;w Ez;q}l;lr]rj;J gw;whf;Fiwahy; Vw;gLfpwJ. Rkhh] \d;W
Mz; L fs; taJila ku'; f spy; ,iyfs; rhjhuz Kiwapy;
tphptilahky; xd;Wf;F xd;W gpd;dpf;bfhz;L btsptu ,ayhj epiyapy;
fhzg]gLk;. nkYk; tsh]e;j ku';fspy; ,iyfspd; tsh]r]rp kpft[k;
Fiwe;J kl;ilfs; FUj;Jghfj;jpypUe;J tise;J fhzg]gLk;. FiwghL
Kw;wpa epiyapy; FUk;igfSk;/ ,s';fha;fSk; cjph]e;JtpLfpd;wd.
,jid epth]j;jp bra;a kuj;jpw;F 50 fpuhk; btz;fhuk; (nghuhf;!;) ,uz;L
Kiw bjhlh]e;J \d;W khj ,ilbtspapy; mspg]gjdhy; ,iyfs; ed;whf
gphpe;J tsh]r]rpailfpwJ. nth]\yk; 25 gpgpvk; mst[ nghuhd; fiuriy
brYj; J tjhy; kuk; nghuhd; Fiwghl; o ypUe; J cldoahf
kyh] - 1 14 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
epth]j;jpf;fg]gLfpwJ. vdpDk; kz;zpy; nghuhf;!; ,LtJ kuj;jpw;F
ePz;lfhy gaid mspf;Fk;.
Edp rpWj;jy;
Mukg ; epiyapy; kli ; lfs; k"r; s; fyej
; gri
] ral
[ d; njhww
; kspfF
; k;.
,J bjhlUk; bghGJ/ ,iy ,qf;Ffspy; gr]irak; Fiwe;J Nhpa
xspapd; \yk; jhtu czt[ jahhpj;jy; btFthf jilgLfpwJ. vdnt
kuj;jpd; tsh]r]rp ghjpf;fg]gl;L kl;ilfspd; ePsk;/ mfyk; Fiwe;J rpWj;J
tpLfpd;wd. g[jpjhf ,iyfs; cw;gj;jpahtJ Fiwe;J ku';fspd;
kl;ilfspd; vz;zpf;ifa[k; FiwfpwJ. bjhlh]e;J ghisfspd; cw;gj;jp
FiwtJld; mstpy; rpWj;Jk; fhzg]gLk;. ,jdhy; fha;fspd; cw;gj;jp
vz;zpf;ifapy; kl;Lky;yhky; mstpYk; rpWj;J tpLfpwJ. nkYk;
fha;fspy; jz;zPh] tw;wpa[k;/ gUg]gpd; mst[ Fiwe;Jk; fhzg]gLk;.
FiwghL Kw;wpa epiyapy; kuj;jpd; tsh]r]rp gFjpfs; Kw;wpYk;
epWj;jg]gl;L/ jz;Lg]gFjp bgd;rpy; Kidnghd;W fhzg]gLk;.
,e;j epiy bjhlUk; bghGJ ,Wjpapy; kuk; gl;LtpLfpwJ. ePz;l
fhykhf njhg]g[ guhkhpg]gpd;wp g[wf;fzpf;fg]gLtjhYk;/ bjd;idapd;
tsh]r]rpf;F jFe;j NH;epiy mikahjnghJk; ,f;FiwghL kpFe;J
fhzg]gLk;. FiwghL Muk;g epiyapy; cs;s ku';fis kl;Lnk fhg]ghw;w
,aYk;. Kw;wpa epiyapy; bgd;rpy; Kid njhw;wj;Jld; fhzg]gLk;
ku';fis btl;o mfw;wptpl;L jukhd bjd;d';fd;Wfis kPz;Lk; eLtJ
ey;yJ. bgh]u!; ry;ngl; 2000 gpgpvk; (2 fpuhk; 1 ypl;lh] ePhpy;) brYj;jyhk;.
nkYk; gj;J ehl;fSf;F xU Kiw nfhilapy; jz;zPh] gha;r;RtJ
mtrpakhFk;. rpghhpR bra;ag]gLk; mstpy; ,urhadk; kw;Wk; ,aw;if
cu';fis xt;bthU Mz;Lk; ,Ltjhy; kuj;jpd; tsKk;/ fha;f;Fk;
jpwDk; fhf;fg]gLfpwJ.
k";rs; epw ,iyfs;
bjd;id ku';fspd; KG tsh]r]rpaile;j Xiyfs; k";rs; epwkhf
khwj; Jt'; F tJ kf; d Prpak; vd; w Cl; l r] r j; J gw] w hf; F iwahy;
Vw;gLtjhFk;. kf;dPrpak; bjd;idf;F kpf mjpfstpy; njitg]gLtjhf
fzl ; wpag]glL; ss; J. bghJthfj; njhgg] f
[ spy; jzz
; Ph] nj'f
; p ,Ugg
] jhnyh
my;yJ bjhlh]r]rpahd kiHapdhnyh kz;zpy; ,lg]gl;Ls;s ng::+l;lk;
kw;Wk; Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fs; nth]fSf;F fpilf;fhj nghJk; kl;ilfs;
k";rs; epwkilfpwJ. k";rs; epwkhdJ Xiyfspd; Edpapy; bjhl';fp
ehsiltpy; ,iy KGtJk; gr]ir epwk; ,He;J fhl;rpaspf;Fk;. ,jid
epth]j;jpf;f ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gl;l cu';fis ,LtJld;/ TLjyhf kuj;jpw;F
500 fpuhk; kf;dPrpak; ry;ngl; ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
kyh] - 1 15 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
bjd;idapy; CLgaph] rhFgoapy; btw;wp
mDgt';fs;
O.V.R. nrhkRe;juk;
xilaFsk; bghs;shr]rp (Tk) - 642 129
(Post)
& : 04253 - 282299
kpd;d";ry; : ovrsomu@gmail.com
jkpH;ehl;oy; bjd;id xU ,yhgfukhd gapuhf tpistpf;fg]gl;L
tUfpwJ. cyfpy; 80 ehLfspy; bjd;id xU gpujhdg] gapuhf ,Ue;jhYk;
nfhit khtl; l k; ,jd; cw; g j; j papy; xU Kd; n dho khtl; l khf
jpfH;e;Js;sJ. ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; bghs;shr]rp/ cLkiy/ nfhit Mfpa
gFjpfs; bjd;id rhFgof;F kpft[k; gpurpj;jp bgw;wit. ,jw;F fhuzk;
,g]gFjpapy; epytp tUk; rhjfkhd rPnjh#;z epiy/ ghrd trjp/ ,U gUt
kiHfs;/ cfe;j kz;/ Kw;nghf;F rpe;jida[s;s tptrhapfs; MFk;. ehd;
fle;j 40 mz;L fhykhf bghs;shr;rp jhYfh/ xilaFsk; fpuhkj;jpy;
bjd;idia ,yhgfukhf rhFgo bra;J tUfpnwd;. bjd;idapy;
CLgapuhf $hjp/ nfhnfh/ rpwpa mstpy; FWkpsF Mfpatw;iw
,yhgfukhf rhFgo bra;J tUfpnwd;. ,d;iwa NH;epiyapy;/ kw;w
gaph]fnshL xg]gpLk;nghJ/ bjd;id xU vspa guhkhpg]g[ cs;s gaph] vd;fpw
fhuzj;jpdhy; tptrhapfs; ,g]gapiu jdpg]gapuhf bgUkstpy; tphpthf;fk;
bra;J tUk; NH;epiy ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. bjd;id cw;gj;jp mjpfkhFk;
NH;epiyapy; mjd; cgnahfk; Fiwe;J tUkhdKk; Fiwe;J tUtij
ehk; czh]e;J tUfpnwhk;.
bjd;idia kl;Lnk gpujhd gapuhf ek;gp tUk; tptrhapfs;
bghUshjhu ,Hg]gpid re;jpj;J tUfpd;wdh]. ,jw;F epue;jukhd jPh]t[
vd;W ghh]f;Fk; nghJ bjd;idapy; CLgaph]fis gaphpLtjhy; xU
epiyahd tUkhdk; fpilf;f VJthfpwJ.
cybf';fpYk; bjd;id kw;Wk; bjd;idapy; rhFgo bra;ag]gLk;
CLgaph]fSk; kpj btg]g kz;lyj;jpy; bgUk;ghYk; khdhthhpahfnt
gaphplg]gLfpwJ. Mdhy; jkpH;ehl;oy; Fwpg]ghf nfhit khtl;lj;jpy;
bjd;id ghrd trjpa[ld; (brhl;L ePh]/ jput tHp cu';fs;) rhFgo
bra;ag]gLtjhy; ku';fs; brGikahf tsh]tJld;/ rPuhd kfNYk;
fpilf;fg] bgw;W tUfpwJ. ,g]gFjpapy; ,uz;L gUt kiH mjhtJ bjd;
nkw;F kw;Wk; tl fpHf;F gUt kiH \yk; $%d; khjk; Jt';fp ork;gh] khjk;
kyh] - 1 16 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
tiu kiH bga;tjhy; bjd;id rhFgo rpwg;ghf cs;sJ. nfhil
fhy';fspy; bjd;id ku';fs; mjpfst[ <uj;ij btspnaw;Wfpd;w
fhuzj;jpdhy; mf;fhy';fspy; ghrd trjpia mspg]gjhy; ku';fs; rPuhd
tsh]r]rp kw;Wk; mjpfst[ fha;g]g[j;jpwid bgWfpd;wd.
bjd; i dapy; mjpf gug; g sit cila nfus khepyj; i j
xg]gpLk;nghJ nfhit khtl;lk; ,jw;F khwhf tUle;njhWk; ku';fspd;
tsh]r]rp/ fha;g]g[j;jpwd; rpwg]ghf tps';fp tUfpwJ. nfushtpy; khdhthhp
NH;epiyapy; kiHf;fhy';fspy; mjpf fhw;W <ug]gjk; (100 rjtPjk;)
epyt[tjhy; kz;zpypUe;J <uk; kw;Wk; rj;Jf;fs; cwp";Rjy; jilgl;L
cw;gj;jp jpwDk; Fiwe;JtpLfpwJ. Mdhy; nfhit khtl;lj;jpy;
tUle;njhWk; kpj btg]gkhd rPnjh#;z epiy/ Fwpg]ghf kpj btg]g fhw;W
<ug]gjk; (60-80 rjtPjk;) ,Uf;fpd;w fhuzj;jpdhYk; ghrd trjp
,Ug]gjhYk; ku';fs; kz;zpypUe;J mjpf rj;Jf;fis fpufpj;J rPuhd
tsh]r]rpia bgWfpd;wd.
,j;jifa rhjfkhd NH;epiyfs; ,Uf;fpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
nfhit khtl;lj;jpy; bjd;id rhFgo bra;a[k; tptrhapfs; ,jid nkYk;
rhjfkhf;fp/ bjd;idapy; CLgaph]fis rhFgo bra;tjw;F Kd; tuyhk;.
bgUk;ghYk; bjd;id 25 mo ,ilbtspapy; elg]gLfpd;wd. vdJ
njhl;lj;jpy; bjd;idia 29 mo ,ilbtspapy; elt[ bra;Js;nsd;. Kjy;
ehd;F tUl';fs; tiu njhg]gpDs; mjpf btspr]rk; fpilg]gjhy; FWfpa
fhyg]gaph]fs; kw;Wk; tUlhe;jug] gaph]fis CLgapuhf gaphpl VJthfpwJ.
,e;j jUzj;jpy; fha;fwpg] gaph]fs;/ gaW tiffs;/ k";rs;/ gUj;jp/
kuts;sp Mfpa gaph]fis rhFgo bra;ayhk;.
mLj;j tsh]r]rp fl;lkhf Ie;jpypUe;J 20 tUl';fs; kpf Kf;fpa
fhykhFk;. ,e;j gUtj;jpy; ku';fs; ruhrhpahf 30 mo cauk; tiu tsh]e;J
tpLk;. njhg]g[fspy; 40 Kjy; 80 rjtPj epHy; ,Uf;Fk;. ,e;j fl;lj;jpy; ve;j
gapiua[k; CLgapuhf rhFgo bra;a ,ayhJ. 20 tUl';fSf;F gpwF
tajhd bjd;id ku';fspy; CLgaph]fs; rhFgof;F kpft[k; Vw;wit.
nfhnfh/ $hjp/ FWkpsF Mfpa gaph]fs; ,e;j NH;epiyapy; epytp tUk;
epHypy; tsh;tjw;F kpft[k; VJthf mikfpd;wJ. bjd;id ku';fs;
,uf';fSf;F Vw;whw;nghyt[k; mtw;wpd; ,ilbtspf;F jFe;jhw; nghyt[k;
ku';fspd; cauk; ntWgLk;.
,d; i wa NH; e piyapy; $hjpf; f ha; kw; W k; nfhnfh kpft[ k ;
,yhgfukhdjhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. ,e;j ,uz;L gaph]fSf;Fk;
kyh] - 1 17 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
cyfshtpa th]j;jf tha;g]g[fs; tsh]e;J tUfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy;
njita[k; mjpfhpj;J tUfpd;wJ. cyfstpy; $hjpf;fha; cw;gj;jpapy;
,uz;lhk; ,lj;ij tfpj;J te;j nkw;F ,e;jpa jPt[ ehlhd fpnudlhtpy;
2004 Mk; Mz;oy; Vw;gl;l " ,thd; ' Nwhtsp rPw;wj;jhy; $hjp ku';fSf;F
nguHpt[ Vw;gl;L cw;gj;jp kpft[k; Fiwe;J tpl;lJ. ,e;j cw;gj;jp
gw;whf;Fiwia <LgLj;j ekf;F rhjfkhd tha;g]g[fs; cUthfp cs;sJ.
25 mo ,ilbtspapy; cs;s njhg]gpy; 20 tUl';fs; Koe;j gpd; ,j;jifa
CLgaph]fis elt[ bra;ayhk;. ,e;j NH;epiyapy; bjd;id ku';fSf;F
njitahd ghrd ePhpd; mstpid fzf;fpl;L mJ nghf v";rpa[s;s ePhpd;
mstpid fzf;fpl;L mjd; gpwF mjw;nfw;w CLgaph]fis Kot[ bra;a
ntz;Lk;.
bjd;id my;yJ ntW ve;j gaph]fis vLj;Jf; bfhz;lhYk;
jdpg]gapuhf rhFgo bra;a[k; nghJ g{r]rp kw;Wk; neha; jhf;fk; mjpfkhf
bjd;gLk;. ,e;j ,Hg]ig rhp bra;a jdpg]gapiuf; fhl;oYk; bjd;idapy;
CLgaph]fis rhFgo bra;tjhy; ,J nghd;w gpur]ridfis jPh]f;fyhk;.
$hjpf; f ha; rhFgoia bghUj; j tiuapy; ehd; F bjd; i d
ku';fSf;F eLtpy; xU bro tPjk; elt[ bra;J guhkhpf;fyhk;. gj;J
taJf;F nkw;gl;l $hjp ku';fSf;F taJ Kjph]e;j bjd;id ku';fSf;F
vt;tst[ jz;zPh] njitnah mnj mst[ jz;zPh] xt;bthU $hjpf;fha;
ku';fSf;Fk; njitg]gLk;.
$hjp ku';fs; twl;rpia jh';fhJ. mnj rkak; tofhy; trjp ,y;yhj
epy';fspYk; gaph] bra;a ,ayhJ. bghJthf $hjpr] brofs; tpij \ykhf
brofs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gl;L elt[f;F gad;gLj;jg]gLfpd;wd. tpij \yk;
cUthd fd;Wfs; fha;g]g[f;F tUk;nghJ Rkhh] 40 rjtPjk; mstpw;F Mz;
ku';fs; ,Uf;Fk;. Vida 60 rjtPj ku';fspYk; jukhf fha;f;ff;Toa
ku';fspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthfnt ,Uf;Fk;. mjhtJ mjpf vz;zpf;if
cila fha;fs;/ mjpf cyh] vil cila bfhl;ilfs; (8-12 fpuhk;) ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk;. nkYk; $hjpg]gj;jphpapd; cyh] vil mjpf gl;rkhf 2-4 fpuhk;
tiua[k; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. tpij \yk; cUthf;fg]gl;l brofs; tsh]e;J
gyd; jUtjw;F ePz;l fhyk; (Rkhh] VG tUl';fs;) Mfpd;wd. ,e;j
Fiwia epth]j;jp bra;a bkhl;Lf; fl;oa brofis gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
vdJ mDgtj;jpy; tpij \yk; cUthf;fg]gl;l $hjp brofis
neuoahf elt[ bra;J ,uz;L tUl';fs; fHpj;J rhjfkhd gUt NH;epiy
te;j gpd; bkhl;L fl;l ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F jukhd jha; ku';fspypUe;J
vLf;fg]gl;l rw;nw Kjph]e;j bkhl;Lg] gFjpia nrjkilahj tz;zk;
kyh] - 1 18 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
vLj;J bkhl;L fl;Lk;nghJ bkhl;L fl;lg]gl;l brofs; tpiuthf tsh]e;J
mjpf gyid bfhLf;Fk;. nth] brofs; bkhl;L fl;Ltjw;F Kd; mit
kpftk
[ ; Mnuhff; pakhdjhf ,Uff; ntzL ; k.; mnj nghy nthr
] b
] rofSfF
; k;
kpft[k; cfe;j rPuhd xspast[ ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
$hjpr] brofis bkhl;L fl;Ltjw;F epHy; tiy mikj;j
,l';fspy; nth]r] brofis guhkhpj;J ehw;w';fhypy; ,sbkhl;Lf;fis
tUlk; KGtJk; bkhl;L fl;lyhk;.
bkhl;Lf;fl;oa brofs; ,uz;L tUl';fspnyna g{j;J gyDf;F
te;JtpLk;. g{f;fs; cUthd gpd; mjidj; bjhlh]e;J \d;W tUl';fSf;F
cUthFk; g{f;fs; midj;ija[k; fps;sp ePf;fptpl ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy;
brofs; eyy; tsh]r]rpiag; bgWk.; ,tt
; hW braa
; htpoy; ,s"b ; roapnyna
fha;fs; mjpfk; cUthfp brofs; gykpHe;J gl;Lg]ngha;tpLk;.
\d;W tUl';fSf;F gpwF Rkhh] vl;L tUl';fs; tiu g{f;fpd;w
g{f;fs; midj;ija[k; fha;g]g[f;F tplhky; njitahd mst[ kl;Lk; tpl;L
kw;wtw;iw fps;sptpl ntz;Lk;. kpf mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; fha;fs;
cUthFk; nghJ fha;fspd; mst[k; vila[k; rpWj;J tpLk;.
tpijfs; \yk; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLk; ku';fs; bghpjhfp kfNy;
bfhLf;Fk;nghJ mtw;wpy; Mz; ku';fisa[k; fha;g]g[j;jpwd; Fiwe;j
bgz; ku';fisa[k; g[Jg]gpg]gjw;fhf nky; fpis xl;Lf;fl;Ljy; kpft[k;
mtrpak;. ,J nghd;w ku';fis jiukl;lj;jpypUe;J Kjy; mLf;Ff;F
nky; btl;o mtw;wpypUe;J cUthFk; g[jpa jsph]fspy; jukhd bgz;
ku';fspypUe;J vLf;fg]gl;l bkhl;Lf;fis xl;L fl;lyhk;. ,e;j tifapy;
jukw;w ku';fis juKs;s ku';fshf khw;Wtjw;F bkhl;L fl;Ljy; Kiw
kpft[k; Kf;fpakhdjhf fUjg]gLfpwJ.
ed;whf guhkhpf;fg]gl;l $hjp ku';fs; ruhrhpahf 2000 fha;fs;
fha;f;Fk;. 10/000 Kjy; 15/000 fha;fs; tiu kfNyhff; bfhLf;ff;Toa
(40-50 tUl';fs; taJilait) ku';fSk; cz;L.
taJ Mf Mf $hjp ku';fspd; cauKk; 60-80 mo cauk; tiu
tsUk;. $hjp ku';fs; nknyhl;lkhd nth;fis bfhz;lJ. mjdhy;
kiHff ; hy'f; spy; epyk; bjhlh]eJ
; <ukhf ,UfF
; k; jUthapy; mjpntfkhd
fhw;W tPRk;nghJ taJila ku';fs; ntnuhL rha;e;J tpLk;. ,jid
jtph]f;f/ fhl;L $hjp tiffis nth]r]brofshf elt[ bra;J mtw;wpd; kPJ
bkhl;Lf; fl;lyhk;. ,j;jifa fhl;L nth]r]brofis bkhl;Lf;fl;l
kyh] - 1 19 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

gad;gLj;Jk;nghJ/ bkhl;Lf;fl;Ltjw;F Kd;Dk; gpd;Dk; mtw;wpd; kw; W k; Kw; n ghf; F tptrhapfs; Mfpnahh; f spd; Mnyhridfs;
tsh]r]rp kpft[k; Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk;. ngUjtpahf mike;jJ. nkYk; bgUk;ghyhd neu';fspy; tptrhak; gw;wpa
tpgu';fis E}yfk; brd;W tptrhak; rhh]e;j g[j;jf';fis gog]gjd; \yk;
tsh]e;j bjd;id ku';fs; 25 rjtPj epy mstpid kl;Lnk
jtwhky; bjhpe;J bfhs;ntd;. vdJ tPl;onyna njhl;lf;fiyr] rhh]e;j
gad; g Lj; j pf; bfhs; f pwJ. mnjhL njitahd Nhpa xspiaa[ k ;
Vuhskhd g[j;jf';fis itj;Js;nsd;. mtw;iw tptrha ez;gh]fSf;Fk;
mDkjpf;fpd;wd. ,e;j Nhpa xspia gad;gLj;jpf;bfhz;L $hjp ku';fs;
bfhLj;J gof;fr] bra;fpnwd;.
ed;whf tsh]fpd;wd. mnj rkak; kpf mjpfkhd mst[ epHy; cs;s
,l';fspy; $hjp ku';fs; xyy ; pahftk
[ /; ePzl
; fqff
; isak
[ ; bfhzL
; bjd;id/ $hjp kw;Wk; nfhnfh fhFgo tpgu';fis mwpe;Jf; bfhs;s
Fiwthd fhag ; g
] j
[ j
; pwidak
[ ; bfhz;L ,Uf;Fk;. nkw;fpe;jpa ehlhd fpnudlh/ gg]gh epa{ fpdpah/ gpypg]igd;!;/ jha;yhe;J/
,e;njhnd#pah/ ,y';if/ ,!;nuy; kw;Wk; mbkhpf;fh/ M!;jpnuypah/
$hjp ku';fis xl;Lf;fl;Lk; Kiwapy; xnu jha; kuj;jpypUe;J Inuhg]gpah ehLfSf;F neuoahf brd;W te;Js;nsd;.
Mapuf;fzf;fhd xl;Lr] brofis cw;gj;jp bra;ayhk;. Mdhy; ,e;j j j j j
xl;Lr] brofs; caukhf bry;yhky; Fj;Jr; bro totj;jpy; jhd; tsUk;.
,j;jifa brofis fthj;J bra;J chpa cUtfj;ij Vw;gLj;jyhk;.
mWtil gpd;rhh] bjhHpy; El;gj;Jiw
ntshz; bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;
bjd;idapy; gy mLf;Fg]gaph] rhFgo Kiwia mjhtJ $hjp/ jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhak;g[j;J}h] - 641 003
nfhnfh/ FWkpsF Mfpa gy gaph]fis CLgapuhf rhFgo bra;tjw;F gapw;rpfs; gw;wpa fhy ml;ltiz
kpft[k; Vw;wJ. CLgaph]fspy; cjph]e;J tUk; ,iy kf;Ffs; kz;zpd;
t. fl;lzk;
tsj;ij nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. ,iy kf;Ffs; kz;zpy; cs;s Ez;qaph]fis gapw;rpapd; bgah] njjp fhyk;
vz; (+)
nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. mjd; \yk; bjd;id kw;Wk; CLgaph]fspd; tsh]r]rp
kw;wk; kfNy; mjpfkhfpwJ. ,iy kf;Ffs; kz;zpd; kPJ \lhf;fhf gjg]gLj;jg]gl;l czt[fspd; 3.11.09 - ,uz;L
1. 4.11.09 ehl;fs;
1/000
juf;fl;Lg]ghLfs; kw;Wk; ghJfhj;jy;
gad;gLfpd;w fhuzj;jpdhy; kz; mhpg]ig epth]j;jp bra;J kz;iz
tskhf;FfpwJ. mLkid bghUl;fs; jahhpj;jy; 11.11.09 - ,uz;L
2.
12.11.09 ehl;fs;
1/000
tsk; Fiwe; j epy'; f spy; nfhnfh nghd; w gapiu rhFgo 17.11.09 - ,uz;L
3. fha;fwpfis gjg]gLj;Jjy; 1/000
bra;a[k;nghJ mtw;wpypUe;J tpGk; ,iyf; fHpt[fs; kz;zpd; tsj;ij 18.11.09 ehl;fs;
nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. CLgaph]fis gaphpLk;nghJ ftdj;jpy; bfhs;tJ rhf;nyl; kw;Wk; kpl;lha; tiffs; 9.12.09 - ,uz;L
4. 10.12.09 ehl;fs;
1/000
vd;dbtd;why; njitf;Fk; kpFe;j CLgaph]fisr] bra;jhy; mjpf fhw;W jahhpj;jy;
<ug]gjk; Vw;gl;L g[{r]rp kw;wk; neha; jhf;Fjy; mjpfkhfptpLk;. mnj nghy/ krhyh bghUl;fs; kw;Wk; CWfha; 15.12.09 - ,uz;L
5. jahhpj;jy; 16.12.09 ehl;fs;
1/000
CLgaph]fis njh]e;bjLf;Fk;nghJ bjd;idf;F xj;j gaph]fis kl;Lnk
njh]t[ bra;antz;Lk;. 6.1.2010 - ,uz;L
6. Jhpj czt[fs; jahhpj;jy; 1/000
7.1.2010 ehl;fs;
bjd;id rhFgoapy; Fwpg]ghf $hjp/ nfhnfh/ FWkpsF Mfpa
tzpfKiwapyhd gHg]bghUl;fs; 19.1.2010 - ,uz;L
gaph]fis CLgaph]fshf rhFgo bra;tjpy; vdJ ePz;l fhy mDgtj;jpd; 7. jahhpj;jy; 20.1.2010 ehl;fs;
1/000
mog]gilapy; vdJ mDgt';fis tptrhapfSf;F gfph]e;J tUfpnwd;.
nkYk; tpgu';fSf;F bjhlh]g[ bfhs;s ntz;oa Kfthp :
vdf;F Vw;gl;l mDgt';fSf;F bgUk;ghYk; jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg]
gy;fiyf;fHf tp";"hdpfs;/ bjd;id tsh]r]rp thhpak;/ kj;jpa nguhrphpah] kw;Wk; jiyth]
mWtil gpd;rhh] bjhHpy; El;gj;Jiw
gz;idg]gaph]fs; Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ ,e;jpa thridg] gaph]fs; Muha;r]rp ntshz; bghwpapay; fy;Y}hp kw;Wk; Muha;r]rp epiyak;
epiyak;/ thridg] gaph]fs; thhpak;/ muR njhl;lf;fiy Jiw mjpfhhpfs; jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;/ nfhit - 641 003. & : 0422 - 6611268

kyh] - 1 20 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 21 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

bjd;idf;Fj; njit brhl;L ePh]]ghrdk;
gh.br. ghz;oad; kw;Wk; K.bt.mu';fRthkp
ePh] El;g ikak;
jkpH;ehL ntshz;ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;
nfhak;g[j;J}h]
brhl;L ePh]ghrdj;jpy; bjd;idapd; ePh] njit/ jl;gbtg;gepiy kw]Wk;
gUt epiyiag] bghWj; J ,lj; j pw; F ,lk; ntWgLk; . nfhit
khtl;lj;jpYs;s MHpahh] bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyaj;jpy; vl;L
Mz;Lfs; bjhlh]e;J nkw]bfhs;sg]gl;;l Ma;t[ Kot[fspd; go brhl;L
ePh]ghrdj;jpy; bjd;idf;F fPH;f;fz;l ml;ltizapd; go ePhpid
mspf;fyhk; vd ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gLfpwJ.

jkpHfj;jpy; gaphplg]gLk; vz;bza; tpj;Jg] gaph]fspy; bjd;id kpf brhl;L ePh] ghrdj;jpy; bjd;idapd; ePh] njit (xU kuj;jpw;F /
Kf; f paj; J tk; tha; e ; j gapuhFk; . epiyahd tUtha; <l; l f; T oa ehbshd;Wf;F / ypl;lhpy;)
gzg]gapuhf ,Ug]gjhy; bjd;id rhFgo gug]g[ Mz;LnjhWk; mjpfhpj;J
tUfpwJ. ntiyahl;fspd; njit Fiwt[ vd;gJk; mjpf mstpy; nkw]F kz;ly gFjpf;F
bjd;id gaphplg]gLtjw;fhd xU Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. bjd;id bjhd;W
gpg]]uthp Kjy; nk tiu : 65 ypl;lh]
bjhl;L nkw;gug]g[ ghrd Kiwapy; ghj;jpfs; \yk; ghrdk; bra;ag]gl;L
tUfpwJ. bjd;id xU ePz;l fhy gapuhjyhy; ,jd; ePh] njit kpft[k; ] gh]
$dthp/ Mf!;L kw;Wk; brglk; : 55 ypl;lh]
mjpfk;. nkw;gug]g[ ghrd Kiwapy; ePh] tpuak; mjpfk; vd;gjhy; gaph]fspd;
$^d;/ $^iy/ mf;nlhgh; Kjy; ork;gh] tiu : 45 ypl;lh]
ePh] gad;gLjpwd; (Water Use Efficiency) kpft[k; Fiwthfnt cs;sJ.
,k;Kiwapy; ePh] njitia fzf;fpl;lhy; ehs;njhWk; kuk;; xd;Wf;F 200 fpHf;F kz;ly gFjpf;F
Kjy; 220 ypl;lh] ghrd ePh] njitg]gLfpwJ. khh]]r] Kjy; brg]]lk;gh]] tiu : 80 ypl;lh]
mf;nlhgh] Kjy; gpguthp
] tiu : 50 ypl;lh]
brhl;L ePh]ghrd Kiw
mjpf ,ilbtsp bfhz;l bjd;id nghd;w ePz;l fhyg] gaph]fSf;F nkny Fwpg]gplg]gl;l ghrd msthdJ ePh] tsk; epiwe;j
brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; xU rpwe;j ghrd KiwahFk;. bjd;id bghJthf 7.5 kP. gFjpfspy; brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; \yk; mjpf gl;r kfNy; bgw ghpe;Jiu
x 7.5 kP. vd;w ,ilbtspapy; elt[ bra;a ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,t;thW
bra;ag]gLk; ghrd msthFk;. xt;bthU gUtj;jpw;Fk; ghrd neuj;ij
7.5 kP. x 7.5 kP. vd;w ,ilbtspapy; elt[ bra;ag]gLk; bjd;idf;F brhl;L ePh]
eph]zapg]gjd; \yk; njitg]gLk; rhpahd mst[ ePiu kuj;jpw;F
ghrdk; mikf;f gf;fthl;L FHha;fis 7.5 kP. ,ilbtspapy; mikj;J
mspf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf kzpf;F vl;L ypl;lh] ePh] btspnaw;Wk; ehd;F
kuk; xd;Wf;F kzpf;F vl;L ypl;lh] ghrd ePh] btspnawf; Toa
brhl;Lthd;fs; ehd;ifg] bghUj;jpdhy; rpwg]ghd Kiwapy; brhl;L ePh] brhl;Lthd;fs; \yk; kuk; xd;Wf;F jpdKk; 65 ypl;lh] ghrdk; bra;a
ghrdk; nkw;bfhs;s Koa[k;. ehd;F brhl;Lthd;fspy; ,uz;il kuj;jpd; njitg]gLk; ghrd neuk; ,uz;L kzp neukhFk;. ,t;thW xt;bthU ghrd
mUfhikapy; Fwpg] g pl; l ,ilbtspapy; gf; f thl; L f; FHha; f spy; mstpw;Fk; ghrd neuj;ij fzf;fpl;L mjd;go rhpahd mst[ ePiu
,izf;f ntz;Lk;. kw;w ,uz;L brhl;Lthd;fisa[k; gf;fthl;Lf; kuj;jpw;F mspf;fyhk;. nkw;gug]g[ ghrd Kiwa[ld; xg]gpLk; nghJ brhl;L
FHha[ld; ,izf;fg]gl;l Ez;FHhapy; bghUj;jp Vw;fdnt cs;s ePh] ghrdj;jpy; 60 Kjy; 70 rjk; ghrd ePh] nrkpg]g[ fpilf;Fk;.
brhl; L thd; f Sf; F ,izahf rPuhd ,ilbtspapy; ,Uf; F khW
mikf;fyhk;. ,t;thW ehd;F brhl;Lthd;fSk; kuj;ijr] Rw;wp rhpahd brhl;L ePh] cug]ghrdk;
,ilbtspapy; ,Uf;FkhW mikg]gjhy; ghrd ePh] xnu rPuhf vy;yh bghJthd ghpe;Jiuapd; go bjd;idf;F Mz;Lf;F kuk;; xd;Wf;F
gFjpf;Fk; fpilf;f VJthFk;. 560 fpuhk; jiHr] rj;J/ 320 fpuhk; kzpr]rj;J kw;Wk; 1200 fpuhk; rhk;gy; rj;J

kyh] - 1 22 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 23 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

,l ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,e;j cu mstpy; jiH kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J

cu';fis brhl;L ePh] cug]ghrdk; \yk; mspj;J TLjy; kfNYk;/ jukhd

3817.50

2000.00
7025.00
274.25

157.30
1925.00

118.20
1294.50

1050.00
17661.75

0.00
2273.40
4294.20
jhif
tpisr]rYk;/ mjpf ,yhgKk; bgwyhk;. ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLk; kzpr]rj;J

bkhj]j
cuj;ij ,uz;L gFjpfshfg] gphpj;J 160 fpuhk; cuj;ij $^d; khjj;jpYk;
kPjKs;s 160 fpuhk; cuj;ij $dthp khjj;jpYk; kuj;ijr] Rw;wp kz;zpy;
,l ntz;Lk;. jiH kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis 12 rk g';Ffshf gphpj;J

myfpw]F (+)
re]ij tpiy
pytuk] Xh]b

2000.00
khjk; xU Kiw kuk; xd;Wf;F 46.5 fpuhk; jiHr] rj;J (100.9 fpuhk; a{hpah)

7025.00

1050.00
1925.00

1294.50
3817.50

60.30
42.10
42.10
274.25

118.20
157.30
kw;Wk; 100 fpuhk; rhk;gy; rj;J (166 fpuhk; bghl;lh#;) vd;w mstpy; brhl;L

brhl;L ePh] cug]ghrdk; mikg]gjw;fhd bryt[ kjpg]gPL

ePh]ghrdk; \yk; brYj;j ntz;Lk;.

Fwpg]g[ : kzpr]rj;J cuk; brhl;L ePh]ghrdk; \yk; mspf;f Vw;wjy;y

njit

02
4
vd;gjhy; tHf;fkhd Kiwapy; kz;zpy; ,l ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpwJ.

,t;thW jiH kw;Wk; rhk;gy; rj;J cu';fis brhl;L ePh]ghrdk;

kPl]lh]0
kPl]lh]5
kPl]lh]1
vz]1

vz]1
vz]1
vz]1

vz]1
vz]1

vz]1
vz;1
yF
\yk; mspj;Jk;/ kzpr]rj;J cuj;ij kz;zpy; ,l;Lk; brhl;L ePh]ghrd
Kiwia nkw;bfhs;tjhy; ePh] gad;gL jpwd; kw;Wk; cu cgnahfpg]g[j;
jpwd; mjpfhpj;J gaph] tsh]r]rp xnu rPuhf miktJld; TLjy; kfNy;

25.kP. / kzp
fpilf;Fk;.

st[m

.5'' X 2''
0 kp.kP.

5 kp.kP.

63 kp.kP.
gptprp Jiz gpujhd FHha; (4 ksc) 63 kp.kP.
75 kp.kP.
60 yp.
brhl;L ePh] cug]ghrd mikg]g[ bryt[

.5''

.5''

''
bjd;idf;F 7.5 kP. x 7.5 kP. ,ilbtspapy; xU Vf;fh] gug]gpy; brhl;L
ePh] cug]ghrdk; mikf;f njhuhakhf +. 37/000/- brythFk;. ,jd;

Kjd]ik fl]Lg]ghl;L mikg]g[

ePh] vLj]Jr] bry]Yk] mikg]g[

tphpthd kjpg]gPL fPnH bfhLf;fg]gl;Ls;sJ.

fhw;Wg] nghf;F / cs]th']fp

gptprp gpujhd FHha; (4 ksc)

gptprp gpujhd FHha; (4 ksc)
Kjd]ik fl]Lg]ghl]L cjphp
cuj]bjhl]o cs] brYj]jp
cuj]bjhl]o milg]ghd]5
tofl]o (tiy tofl;o)
cgfuzj]jpd] bgah]m

,izg]g[ cgfuzk]2

xU tHp milg]ghd]2
ghrd mikg]g[ : FHha; btspr] brhl;Lthd;fs; mikg]g[

cug]ghrd FHha;

g[wtHp mikg]g[2
gf;ff; FHha; ,ilbtsp : 7.5 kP.

milg]ghd]2
cuj]bjhl]o
brhl;Lthd;fSf;F

ghf';fs;1
: 7.5 kP.

mikg]g[1
,ilnaahd ,ilbtsp

bryt[
brhl;Lthd;fspd; ePh]
: kzpf;F 8 ypl;lh]
btspnaw;Wk; mst[
ePh] njit kuj;jpw;F ehbshd;wpw;F 64-96 ypl;lh]
vz;e
:

2.2
2.3
1.2

1.4

2.1
1.6

1.9
1.7

1.8
1.5
1.3
1.1
t.

kuk; xd;Wf;F

2
: 4 1
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1118.40 bjd;id lhdpf;

146.00
263.30

850.00
8945.30

6277.50
1728.00
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252.00
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103.60
108.00
540.00

9731.90
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12.00
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700.00
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gHf;fg]gl;l eguhy; xU kzp neuj;jpy; Rygkhf 20 ku';fSf;F; lhdpf; fl;o tpl
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bghJthf Ie;J Mz;LfSf;F nkw;gl;l taJila gyd; jUk;
bjd;id kuj;jpw;F/ Mz;Lf;bfhU Kiw 50 fpnyh kf;fpa bjhG cuk; my;yJ
fk;ngh!;L/ 5 fpnyh ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F ,LtJ mtrpak;. ,j;Jld; Mz;Lf;F
xU kuj;jpw;F 1½ fpnyh a{hpah/ 2 fpnyh Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; kw;Wk; 3 fpnyh
bghl;lh#; cu';fs; njitg]gLk;. ,e;j ,urhad cu';fis ,U gphpthf MW
khj';fSf;F xU Kiw ,l;L cldoahf ePh] gha;r]r ntz;Lk;. ,j;Jld;/
tUlhtUlk; MW khj';fSf;F xU Kiw nth] \yk; lhdpf; brYj;jpdhy;/
Ez;qhl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; FiwghLk; tsh]r]rp Cf;fpfs; jl;Lg]ghLk; eP';fp
ku';fs; brHpg]ghf tsh]e;J cah] tpisr]riyg] bgwyhk;.
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rPypl;L +.5/- tpiyapy; tpw;fg]gLfpwJ. ePz;l Jhu tptrhapfspd; eyd; fUjp/
mlh] jputk; jahhpj;J 5 ypl;lh;/ 10 ypl;lh] kw;Wk; 20 ypl;lh] nfd;fspy; tpw;gid
bra;ag]gLfpwJ. cjhuzkhf/ 10 ypl;lh] mlh] jputj;Jld; 40 ypl;lh] FoePh]
nrh]j;J 50 ypl;lh] lhdpf; jahhpj;J. mjpypUe;J 200 kpy;yp tPjk; ghypjPd; igapy;
Cw;wp/ xt;bthU kuj;jpw;Fk; fl;o tplyhk;. ,jpypUe;J 250 ku';fSf;F lhdpf;
bfhLf;fyhk;. mlh] jputj;jpd; tpiy xU ypl;lUf;F +.125/- MFk;. njitahd
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njitf;nfw;g tptrhapfns jz;zPh] nrh]j;J lhdpf; jahh] bra;J bfhs;syhk;.
nth; \yk; bjd;idf;F lhdpf; mspg]gjhy; fpilf;Fk; Kf;fpakhd
ed;ikfs;
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f ,iyfspy; gr]irak; mjpfhpj;J. xspr]nrh]f;if nkk;gLtjhy;. kuj;jpd;
cw;gj;jp ntfk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
f caph] ntjpapay; gzpfSf;Fj; njitg]gLk; \yg] bghUl;fshd Cl;lr]
rj;Jf;fs; jilapd;wp fpilg]gjhy; kuj;jpd; tPhpak; mjpfg]gLk;.
f nghuhd; nghd;w Ez;qhl;l';fSk; Mf;!pd; nghd;w Mh;nkhd;fSk;
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ng+l;lf';fs; MFk;. ,it bjd;idf;F mjpf mstpy;
njitg]gLfpd;wd. bjd;idf;F rhjhuzkhf el;L MW khjj;jpypUe;J
cukpLtJ mtrpak; . bjd; i d gaphplg] g Lk; gFjp bgUk; g hYk;
kzw;rhhpahd epykhft[k;/ gapUf;F njitahd Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs; kw;Wk;
m';ffg]bghUl;fspd; mst[ Fiwe;Jk; fhzg]gLfpd;wJ. vdnt ,j;jifa
epy'; f Sf; F tUle; j twhJ cukpLtjd; \ynk bjd; i dapy;
bjhlh]r]rpahf ey;tpisr]riy milaKoa[k; . ,aw;if cu';fis
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itj; J f; b fhs; S k; jpwd; mjpfhpf; f pwJ. ,jdhy; ePh] kw; W k;
gaph]r]rj;Jf;fs; tpiuakhtJ Fiwf;fg]gLfpwJ. ed;F tsh]e;j bjd;id
Mz;blhd;wpw;f;F ruhrhpahf 540 fpuhk; jiH/ 250 fpuhk; kzp/ 820 fpuhk;
rhk;gy; rj;jpid epyj;jpypUe;J vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ. ,tw;iw ,urhad
kw;Wk; ,aw;if vUtpid bjhlh]e;J ,Ltjd; \yk; <Lbra;J bjd;id
kfR{iy mjpfhpf;fyhk;.
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kfNypy; bgUk;g';fhw;Wfpd;wd. jiHr]rj;J bgz;g{f;fs; cw]gj;jpf;Fk;/
rhk;gy; rj;J FUk;ig cjph]tij jLj;J fha;gpog]g[j; jpwid mjpfhpf;f
cjt[ t Jld; / bfhg] g iuapd; vil mjpfhpj; J vz; b za; mst[
mjpfhpf;ft[k; cjt[fpwJ. bjd;idf;F kz; ghpnrhjid ghpe;Jiug]go
cukpLtjhy;; kz;zpYs;s rj;Jf;fspd; mstpid mwpe;J mjw;nfw;g
cukpl;L njitaw;w cur]brytpid Fiwj;jplyhk;. bjd;idf;F cukpl
fPH;f;fz;l ml;ltizia filg]gpof;fyhk;. ,jid ,uz:lhf gphpj;J
tUlj;jpw;F ,UKiwahtJ Mo kw;Wk; khh]fHp khjj;jpy; ,LtJ kpft[k;
Vw;wJ. ,t;thW gphpj;J ,Ltjhy; gaph]r]rj;Jf;fs; tpuakhtJ btFthf
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2. cukpLk; mst[ 3. cukpLk; Kiwfs;

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bel]il ,ufk]
mjpfhpj;J 90 br.kP/ 120 br.kP/ 150 br.kP filrpahf 180 br.kP MuKs;s
cu mst[
1 Mk] 2 Mk] 3 Mk] 4 Mk] 5 Mk] tl;lg]ghj;jpfspy;; cuj;jpid ,l;L bfhj;jptpl;L jz;zPh] fl;l ntz;Lk;.
Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L Mz;L
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bjhG cuk] (m) 10 20 30 40 50 Fs;nsna fhzg]gLfpwJ.
gRe;jhs] cuk] (fpnyh) ii) miutl;l fhd; Kiw
jiHr]rj;J - a{hpah (fpuhk;) 325 650 975 1300 1300 ,k;Kiwapy; kuj;jpypUe;J 180 br.kP Muj;jpy; 30 br.kP mfyKk;/ 45
kzpr]rj;J Ng]gh] - br.kP MHKila miutl;l fhd; mikj;J rpghhpR bra;ag]gLfpd;w vU
gh!;ngl] (fpuhk]) my;yJ 500 1000 1500 2000 2000 kw;Wk; ,urhad cu';fis ,l;L ePh] fl;l ntz;Lk;. Mz;LnjhWk; vjph]
KNhpgh!; (fpuhk]) vjph] jpirapy; miutl;l fhd; mikj;J cukpl ntz;Lk;. khdhthhp
rhk]gy; rj;J - \hpnal] Mg] 500 1000 1500 2000 2000 njhg]g[fspy; ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpd;w cuj;jpid kiHf;fhyj;jpy;
bghl]lh#; (fpuhk]) itf;fyhk;.
ntg]gk] g[z;zhf;F (fpnyh) 1.5 2.5 3.75 5 5
bjd;idf;F ,urhad cu';fs;
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tPhpa xl]L ,ufk] jf;ifg]g{z;L/ ghrpg]gaW/ jl;ilg]gaW/ fyg]gnfhzpak; nghd;w VjhtJ
cu mst[ xd;iw tpijj;J g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; kz;qld; klf;fp cHt[ bra;a
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tl;lg]ghj;jpfspy; 25 Kjy; 35 fpuhk; gRe;jhs; cu tpijapid J}tp g{f;Fk;
bjhG cuk] (m) 15 30 45 60 60
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jiHr]rj;J - a{hpah (fpuhk;) 500 1000 1500 2250 2250
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kzpr]rj;J Ng]gh] -
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KNhpgh!; (fpuhk]) kz;zpd; m';ffr]rj;J mjpfhpf;fpwJ. nkYk; kz;zpd; ePh]g]gpog]g[ kw;Wk;
rhk]gy; rj;J - \hpnal] Mg] 750 1500 2250 3000 3000 gaph]r]rj;Jf;fis <h]j;J itj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; jpwDk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
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bry;Ynyh!; vDk; fhpkg]bghUl;fspd; mst[ mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,jdhy;
kz;zpd; ePh]g]gpog]g[j; jpwd; To twl;rpia jh';f VJthfpwJ. nkYk;
bjd; i d ehh] f ; f Hpt[ mkpyj; j d; i k cilaJ. cth] e py'; f Sf; F
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Ez;qaph]fspd; bray; jpwid mjpfhpj;J kz; tsj;ij fhj;J/ fis
tsh]r]rpia fl;Lg]gLj;JfpwJ.
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bjd;idf;F Fnshhpd; xU Kf;fpa gaph]r]rj;jhf tps';FfpwJ.
,jid FnshiuL cUtpy; fpufpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ. flnyhuj; bjd;idf;F
flw; f iu fhw; w pd; \yk; Fnshhpd; fpilf; f pwJ. fod brk; k z;
epy';fSf;F kuk; xd;wpw;F 2 fpnyh rhg]ghl;L cg]g[ ,lyhk;. fsh] cth]
epy';fSf;F ,J cfe;jjy;y. Fnshhpd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; ,iyfs;
k";rshft[k;/ Mu";R epwj;jpy; g[s;spfs; cilajhft[k; fhzg]gLk;.
Fnshhpd;/ nth] kw;Wk; FUk;igfs; cw;gj;jpia mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,jd; \yk;
fha;g]g[j;jpwd; To bfhg]giu kfNy; 10 rjtPjk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
bjd;idf;F brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; kw;Wk; ePh]tHp cukply;
xU bjd;idf;F xU ehisf;F 50 ypl;lhpypUe;J 80 ypl;lh] jz;zPh]
njitg]gLJfpwJ. ,ij fUj;jpy; itj;J/ mjw;nfw;w khjphp 3 Kjy; 5
ehisf;F xUKiw brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; nkw;bfhs;tjhy; bjd;idapd; ePh]
njitia g{h]j;jp bra;tnjhL bjd;idf;F ePh] gha;r]r njitg]gLk; ePhpd;
msita[k; 50-70 rjk; Fiwf;fyhk;. brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; mikf;f xU
vf;lUf;F +. 50/000 Kjy; 60/000 tiu brythFk;. nkYk; ,jd; \yk;
bjd;idf;F ,l ntz;oa jiH/ kzp/ rhk;gy;rj;J/ Ez;q}l;lr] rj;J/
caph] cuk; nghd;wtw;iw brhl;L ePh] ghrdj;jpd; tHpahf mspj;J kfNiy
mjpfg]gLj;jyhk;. bjd;idf;F ,l ntz;oa bkhj;j cuj;jpid 9 rkkhf
gphpj;J kiH fhykhd mf;nlhgh]/ etk;gh]/ ork;gh]] khj';fs; jtpu kw;w 9
khj';fspy; brhl;L ePh] ghrdk; tHpna mspf;fyhk;. ,jdhy; kfNy;
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tHptFf;fpwJ .
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bjd;idf;F Ez;q}l;lr;rj;J nkyhz;ik
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Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fSk; njitg]gLfpd;wd. ,it Fiwe;j msnt
njitg]gl;lhYk; ,tw;wpd; g';F bjd;idf;F ,d;wpaikahjitahFk;.
nghuhd;
,r]rj;J rh]f;fiu bghUl;fis xU ,lj;jp;ypUe;J kw;w ,l';fSf;F
vLj;J bry;tjw;Fk;/ bjd;idapd; rhW Xl;lj;jp;w;Fk;/ jiHr]rj;J kw;Wk;
fhh]nghiQl;nul;Lfs; gaphpy; nrkpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;/ Rz;zhk;g[r;rj;J
gapUf;F fpilf;fr]bra;at[k; cjt[fpwJ. ,iyapd; cyh] vilapy; 10
gpgpvk; mstpw;F fPH; Fiwa[k; nghJ ,jd; gw;whf;Fiw mwpFwpfs;
njhd;Wk;. ,j;Jld; rhk;gy; rj;Jk; nrh]e;J Fiwt[w;why; xy;ypf;fha;fspd;
vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;Fk;. nj';fhapy; rpul;il ,Uf;fhJ my;yJ gUg;g[
,Uf;fhJ/ gUg]g[ ,Ue;jhYk; gUg]gpd; juk; Fiwe;J g{rz';fshy;
ghjpg]gile;jpUf;Fk;. ,iyfs; rhptu gphptjpy;iy. Xiyfspd; Edp
tise;J fhzg]gLtnjhL kl;Lky;yhky; Fiyfspy; nj';fha;fs; rpwpJk;
bghpJkhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Jj;jehfk;
,iyfspd; gr]irak; kw;Wk; fhh]nghiQonul;Lfs; cw;gj;jpf;Fk;
gaph] Cf;fpahd ,d;nlhy; mrpl;of; mkpy cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ,J mtrpak;.
,jd; gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; kl;ilfspd; thpirapy; ,ilbtsp Fiwe;J
kl;ilfs; Kuz;gl;L beUf;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;. nkYk; ,iyfs; rpWj;J/
FWfp/ bfhj;jhft[k;/ gRik ,He;Jk; fhzg;gLk;. FUk;igfs; mjpfkhd
mstpy; cjpUk;.
,Uk;g[
,iyfspd; gr]ira jahhpg]gpw;Fk;/ jhtu capuqf;fs; Rthrpf;ft[k;
,J kpf mtrpak;. Rz;zhk;g[ kpFe;Js;s epy';fspy; ,jd; gw;whf;Fiw
rhjhuzkhf bjd;gLfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,iyfs; gRik Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk;.
nkYk; kl;ilfs; k";rs; epwkhft[k; fPH;nehf;fp bjh';fpa[k; fhzg;gLk;.
kyh] - 1 33 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
kh';fdPR
behjpfs; cwg
; jj
; pfF
; k/; gu[jg]bghUlf
; s; cwg
; jj
; pfF
; k/; jiHrr
nrkpj;J itf;ft[k; ,it njitg]gLfpd;wd. bjd;idapd; Rthrj;jpw;Fk;/
jpul;rpahd gUg]g[ cw;gj;jpf;Fk; ,it gad;gLfpwJ. ,jd; gw;whf;Fiw
gRikr] n rhifia Vw; g Lj; J fpwJ. ,iy euk; g [ f spd; ,ilg] g Fjp
k";rshf khWk;. ,it ,se;jsph]fspy; bjspthfj; bjhpa[k;.
jhkpuk;
,J behjpfs; cw; g j; j pf; F k; / vy; y htpjkhd Rthrj; j pw; F k;
,d;wpaikahjJ. gr]ira jahhpg]gpw;Fk;/ Edpf;FUj;J tsh]r]rpf;Fk;/
nkYk; Xiyfs; tphptilat[ k ; / fUt[ U jYf; F k; mtrpak; . ,jd;
gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; ,s';FUj;Jfs; tphptiltJ jila[w;W FUj;Jfs;
fUFk;. ,jdhy; kl;il mikg]g[ thpiraw;W fhzg;gLk;.
khypg;odk;
behjpg; bghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;Fk;/ g[uj jahhpg;g[f;Fk; ,J
njitg]gLfpwJ. mkpyj;jd;ika[ila epy';fspy; ,jd; gw;whf;Fiw
mjpfk; bjd;gLk;. kuj;jpd; tsh]r]rp ghjpf;fg]gLk;. ,iyfs; btspwpa
k";rs; epwkhf fhzg]gLk;.
Ez;q}l;l Fiwg;ghl;ow;fhd fhuz';fs;
fsh]/ cth] epy';fs;/ m';ffr]rj;J Fiwe;j kzw;gh';fhd
epy';fs;/ nghjpa guhkhpg]g[ ,y;yhj epy';fs;/ rhptpfpj gaph] czit
filgpof;fhj epy';fs;/ mjpf mst[ ePhpdhy; gaph]r]rj;J moj;Jr]
bry;yg]gLjy;/ bjhlh]e;J ,aw;if vUit g[wf;fzpj;J ng+l;l ,urhad
cu';fis kl;Lnk ,lg]gLk; epy';fspy; ,jd; gw;whf;Fiw btFthf
bjd;gLfpwJ.
Fiwghl;oid ePf;Fk; Kiwfs;
Ez;q}l;l Fiwghl;oid epth]j;jp bra;a kz; Ma;t[ bra;J
kz;zpy; cs;s Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fspd; mstpid mwpe;J bjd;idapd;
njitf;nfw;g cukply; ntz;Lk;. Kiwahd guhkhpg]g[/ nghjpa tofhy;
trjp \yk; epyj;jpYs;s Ez;q}l;lr] rj;Jf;fis bjd;idf;F fpilf;fr]
kyh] - 1 34
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
bra;ayhk;. gRe;jhs; cug]gaph]fshd rzg]g[/ bfhS";rp/ fyg]gnfhzpak;
] ji
; j nghd;wtw;iw tsh]j;J klf;fp cHt[ bra;J kz;zpd; m';ff bghUl;fspd;
msit mjpfhpf;fr] bra;ayhk;. ng+l;l ,uhrad cu';fSld; ,aw;if
cu';fshfpa kf;fpa rhz vU/ fk;ngh!;l; nghd;wtw;iw mjpf mstpy;
,l;L kz; tsk; fhf;fyhk;. tsh]e;j bjd;;id xd;wpw;f;F Jj;jehf ry;ngl;
200 fpuhk;/ nghuhf;!; 100 fpuhk;/ fhg]gh] ry;ngl; 50 fpuhk;/ kh';fdPR ry;ngl;
100 fpuhk; kw;Wk; nrhoak; khypg]nll; 10 fpuhk; bfhz;l Ez;q}l;lf;
fyitapid \d; W Mz; L fSf; F xU KiwahtJ ,Ltjhy;
bjd;idapy; Ez;q}l;l Fiwghl;oid Kw;wpYkhf jtph]j;jplyhk;.
bjd;idapy; xy;ypf;fha; fhuzpfSk; fl;Lg]gLj;Jk; KiwfSk;
bjd;idapy; ruhrhpahf \d;W rjtPjk; Kjy; gj;J rjtPjk; tiu
xy;ypf;fha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. bjd;idapy; xy;ypf;fha; njhd;Wtjw;F
ghuk;ghpa Fzk;/ Cl;lr]rj;J gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; kfue;jr] nrh]f;if
nghd;wit Kf;fpakhditfshf fUjg]gLfpd;wd. rhptu guhkhpf;fg]glhj
njhg] g [ f spYk; / khdhthhp njhg] g [ f spYk; xy; y pf; f ha; f s; cw; g j; j p
mjpfkhf fhzg]gLfpd;wJ. ghuk;ghpa Fzk; tHpapy; xy;ypf;fha;
Vw;gLtij jtph]f;f ey;y Fz';fs; ml';fpa jha; ku';fspy; ,Ue;J
mjhtJ 15 Kjy; 45 taJilaJk;/ 35 kl;ilfSf;F Fiwtpy;yhjJk;/
bjhlh]r]rpahd kfNyhf Mz;L xd;wpw;f;F 100 fha;fs; bfhLf;f ty;yJk;/
g{r]rp kw;Wk; neha; ghjpg]g[ ,y;yhj ku';fspy; ,Ue;J 12 khjk; Kjph]r]rp
mile;j bjd;id ehw;Wfis njh]t[ bra;J mjpypUe;J ehw;Wfis jahh]
bra;J mitfspy; ,Ue;J 9 Kjy; 12 khjk; ehw;Wfs;/ mjpf nth]fs;
cilaitahf/ fd;Wfspd; fGj;Jg]gFjp mjpf gUkd; cilaitahf
(13 br.kP.)/ 5 Kjy; 7 ,iyfs; bfhz;litahft[k;/ tpiutpy; Xiy gphpgit
kw;Wk; g{r]rp/ neha; jhf;fg]glhjitahft[k; njh]t[ bra;J elntz;Lk;.
bjd;idapd; tsh]r]rp kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpf;F njitahd gaph]r]
rj;Jf;fis kz;zpy; mspg]gjd; \yk; Cl;lr]rj;J gw;whf;Fiwapdhy;
Vw; g Lk; xy; y pf; f ha; f is jtph] f ; f yhk; . ed; F tsh] e ; j bjd; i d
Mz;blhd;wpw;f;F 540 fpuhk; jiHr]rj;J/ 250 fpuhk; kzpr]rj;J/ 820 fpuhk;
rhk;gy; rj;Jf;fis kz;zpypUe;J vLj;Jf;bfhs;fpwJ vd fzf;fplg]
,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 35 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid ,urhad kw;Wk; ,aw;if cu';fspd; \yk; <Lfl;ly;
ntz;Lk;. ,it jtpu nrhoak;/ fhy;rpak;/ kf;dPrpak;/ fe;jfk;/ Jj;jehfk;/
,Uk;g[/ jhkpuk; kw;Wk; nghuhd; nghd;w Cl;lr]rj;JfSk; bjd;idapd;
cw;gj;jpapy; Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpd;wd. ,jid <L bra;a bjd;idf;fhd
Ez;q}l;l fyitapid tsh]e;j bjd;idf;F xU fpnyh vd;w mstpy;
Fiwe;jJ \d;W Mz;LfSf;F xUKiwahtJ ,l ntz;Lk;. nkYk;
,aw;if vUthfpa kl;fpa rhzp/ fk;ngh!;l;/ nfhHp vU/ kl;fpa Miy
kw;Wk; bjd;id ehh] fHpt[fisa[k; ,lyhk;. ,itjtpu gRe;jhs;
cug]gaph]fshd rzg]g[/ bfhsp";rp/ fyg]gnfhzpak; nghd;wtw;iw
bjd;idapy; CL gapuhf tpijj;J g{f;Fk; gUtj;jpy; klf;fp cHt[
bra; t jd; \yk; kz; tsk; fhj; j plyhk; . ,jdhy; Cl; l r] r j; J
gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; njhd;Wk; xy;ypf;fha;fis jtph]f;fyhk;.
nj';fhapd; gUg]g [ cw;gj;jpf;Fk; mjd; tsh]r]rpf;Fk;/ rhk;gy; rj;Jk;/
btz;fhuk; vdg]gLk; nghuhd; rj;Jk; bgUk;g';fhw;Wfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd;
gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; fha;fspy; btog]g[ Vw;gl;L gUg]g[ tsh]r]rp jilgLfpwJ.
,jid jtph] f ; f bjd; i df; F rpghhpR bra; a g] g Lk; ,urhad cu
mst[fshd kf;fpa rhz vU my;yJ gRe;jhs; cuk; 50 fpnyh/ a{hpah 1.3
fpnyh/ Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; 2 fpnyh/ \hpnal; Mg] bghl;lh#; 2 fpnyh
,itfSld; xU fpnyh TLjy; bghl;lh#; kw;Wk; 200 fpuhk; btz;fhuk;
bjhlh]e;J \d;W Mz;LfSf;F ,Ltjd; \yk; xy;ypf;fha;fs; Fiwe;J
kfNy; mjpfhpg]gJld; jukhd bfhg]giufs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
nkYk; bjd;idapy; kfue;jr] nrh]f;ifapy; <LgLk; njdPf;fs; ,ay;g[
epiy ghjpf;fg]gl;L kfue;jr] nrh]f;if Fiwe;jhYk; xy;ypf;fha;fs;
mjpfhpf;f tha;g]g[ cs;sJ. vdnt nth]\yk; kUe;J cl;brYj;Jk;nghJ
ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gLfpd;w g{r]rp kw;Wk; g{rz kUe;Jfis rhpahd mlh]j;jp
kw;Wk; ,ilbtspapy; gad;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;.
,t; t hwhf jukhd bjd; d '; f d; W / rhptpfpj gaph] czt[ /
xU';fpize;j cu nkk;ghL/ ePh]tHp cukply; kw;Wk; g{r]rp/ neha;
nkk; g hl; o d; \yk; bjd; i dapy; rPhpa kfNy; miltJld; kz;
tsj;ija[k; fhj;jplyhk;.
kyh] - 1 36 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
bjd;idiaj; jhf;Fk; g{r]rpfSk; fl;Lg]gLj;Jk;
KiwfSk;
e. jz:lghzp kw;Wk; nf. uh$khzpf;fk;
bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ ntg]g';Fsk; - 614 906
bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyak;/ MHpahh]efh] - 642 101
bjd;idapd; midj;J ghf';fSk; kf;fSf;F gy tiffspy;
gad;gLtjhy; mJ fw;gf tpUl;rk; vd;W miHf;fg]gLfpd;wJ. nj';fha;
czthft[k;/ ,sePh] Mnuhf;fpa ghdkhft[k; gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahtpy;
1.91 kpy;ypad; vf;lh] cyf ehLfspy;/ ,e;jpah bjd;id cw]gj;jpapy;
\d;whk; ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wJ. nkYk; ,e;jpah/ cyf njitapy; 26.06
rjtPjk; cw;gj;jp bra;fpwJ. bjd;idapy; g{r]rpfs; kfNiy bgUk;
mstpy; Fiwf;fpd;wJ. mtw;iw xU';fpize;j Kiwfspy; vg;go
fl;Lg]gLj;JtJ vd;gJ gw;wp ghh]g]nghk;.
nrjk; cz;lhf;Fk; g{r;rpfs;
fhz;lhkpUf tz;L
l tz;L/ FUj;J Xiyfisf; File;J jpd;gjhy;/ Xiy tphpe;j gpd;/
thpirahd rpW Jisfisf; fhzyhk;.
l itu tothf Xiy jpd;dg]gl;oUf;Fk;/ tphpe;j kl;ilapy; nrjk; tprpwp
nghy; fhzg]gLk;.
l FUj;J Xiyfis tz;L foj;J bkd;W bghoahf;fp Jisthapypy;
xJf;fpapUf;Fk;.
l rpwpa fd;Wfs; jhf;fg]gl;lhy;/ fha;e;J tpLk;.
l kuk; jhf;fg]gl;lhy; gykpd;wp/ tsh]r]rp Fd;wp kfNy; Fiwa[k;.
thH;f;ifg; gUtk;
fhz;lhkpUf tz;lhdJ khl;Lr]rhzk;/ mGfpa Fg]ig kw;Wk; vU
FHpfs;/ Jz;of;fg]gl;l bjd;id kuj; jz;Lfs; kw;Wk; bjd;id
ehh]fHpt[fs; Kjypadtw;wpy; ,dg]bgUf;fk; bra;fpd;wd. Kl;ilg]gUtk;
8-14 ehl;fs;. Kl;il btz;ik epwj;jpy; ePs; tl;l totpy; ,Uf;Fk;. g[G
gUtk; 75-190 ehl;fs; my;yJ ruhrhpahf 130 ehl;fs;;. g[Gtpd; jiy gGg]g[
epwkhft[ k ; / mGf; f ile; j bts; i s epwkhft[ k ; / RU'; f pa
kyh] - 1 37 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
clw;fl;LfSld; Rkhh] 90-100 kp.kP. ePskpUf;Fk;. Tl;Lg]g[G gUtk; 14-29
ehl;fs;;. Kjph]e;j tz;L Tl;Lg]g[Gf;Fs; Xa;t[ vLj;jy; 4-26 ehl;fs;; tz;od;
nkw;g[wk; tGtGg]ghd fUik epwj;Jld; fhzg]gLk;. tz;L Rkhh] 34-45
kp.kP. ePskpUf;Fk;. ,jd; bkhj;j thH;ehl;fs; 3-9 khj';fs;.
xU';fpize;j fl;Lg]ghL
1. jhf;fg]gl;l koe;j bjd;id ku';fis btl;o mfw;wt[k;.
2. njhg]g[fspy; Fg]ig/ rhzk; Mfpaitfis Ftpf;fhky; Jg]g[uthf
itf;ft[k;. vUf;FHpfis btl;o mjpy; nghl;L kz;zhy; \lt[k;.
3. vUf;FHpfspy; fhzg]gLk; Kl;il/ g[G/ Tl;Lg]g[G kw;Wk; tz;Lfis
bghWf;fp mHpf;ft[k;.
4. fhh]ghpy; 2 fpuhk; eida[k; J}is 1 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fiuj;J \d;W
khj';fSf;F xU Kiw vUf;FHpfspy; bjspj;J g[Gf;fis mHpf;ft[k;.
5. tz;L Jisj;j Jthu';fspd; tHpna ePz;l fk;gpia cl;brYj;jp
Jthu';fspd; tHpna cl;brd;Wtpl;l tz;oid fk;gpahy; Fj;jp
bfhd;W btspna vLf;ft[k;.
6. ,sk; kuk; xd;Wf;F ,uz;lhk; kw;Wk; \d;whk; ,iy ,Lf;Ffspy;
ntg]g';bfhl;il J}s; + kzy; (1:2) 150 fpuhk; vd;w tpfpjhrhuj;jpy;
fye;j fyitia ,lntz;Lk;.
7. kpd; tpsf;F bghwpfis itj;J mjd; btspr]rj;jpw;F ftug]gLk; Mz;/
bgz; tz;Lfis fth]e;J mHpf;ft[k;.
8. Mkzf;F g[z;zhf;F 2 ½ fpnyh + <!;l; 5 fpuhk; + mrpof; mkpyk; 5 kpyp
+ ePsthf;fpy; btl;lg]gl;l ,sk; ,iy kl;ilj; Jz;Lfs; nghlg]gl;l
ghidfis Vf;fUf;F 30 tPjk; njhg]gpy; itj;J tz;Lfis fth]e;J
mHpf;ft[k;.
9. vUf;FHpapy; tsh]e;J tUk; g[Gf;fis mHpf;f gr]ir k!;fhh]od; vd;w
g{rzj;ij (5×1011 tpj;Jf;fs; / kP3) bjspj;J mHpf;ft[k;.
10. ngf;Fnsh itu!: neha; fpUkp jhf;fg]gl;l tz;Lfis xU vf;lUf;F
15 vd; w mstpy; khiy ntisapy; tplt[ k ; . ,t; t z; L fs;
,dg]bgUf;fk; bra;a[k; ,lk; kw;Wk; czt[ ,Uf;Fk; ,l';fspy; itu!;
nehiag] gug]gp jhf;fp mHpf;fpd;wJ.
kyh] - 1 38 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
11. Jthu';fSld; Toa rpwpa ghypj;jPd; igfspy; 2.5 fpuhk; nghnul;
FUiz kUe;Jfis nghl;L/ kuj;jpw;F ,uz;L ghf;bfl;Lfs; tPjk;
Edpf;FUj;ijr] Rw;wp cs;s ,uz;L ,iy mLf;Ffspd; moapy;
itf;ft[k;.
12. tz:Lfspd; jhf;Fjiyj; jLf;f \d;W me;JUz:ilfis
eLf;FUj;ijr] Rw;wpa[s;s \d;W ,iykl;il ,Lf;Ffspy;; itf;ft[k;.
13. iundhY}h] vd;w fth]r]rpg] bghwpfis 2 vf;lUf;F xd;W tPjk; itj;J
Mz;/ bgz; tz;Lfis fth]e;J mHpf;ft[k;.
14. bgnyl;obkhp!; bytpfhyp!; vd;w Cd; tpG';fp ehtha;g]g{r]rpia kuk;
xd;Wf;F 6 tPjk; tpl;L fhz;lhkpUf tz;oid mHpf;fyhk;.
fUe;jiyg] g[G
 g[Gf;fs; Xiyfspd; mog]ghfj;ij Ruz;oj; jpd;gjhy;/ Xiyapd;
nkw;g[wk; gGg]g[ epwkhd ry;yil nghy; bjhpa[k;.
 fHpt[g]bghUl;fSk;/ rf;ifa[k; xl;oa E}yhk;gilapDs; g[G ,Ue;J
bfhz;L gr]iraj;ijr] Ruz;o cz;qk;.
 Xiyfs; fha;e;J jPa;e;jJ nghy fhzg]gLk;.
thH;f;ifg; gUtk;
( i ) Kl;il
Kl]ilfs; ePs; tl;l totj;jpy; k";rnshL Toa btsph] epwj;jpy;
0.6-0.7 kp.kP. ePsj; j pYk; / 0.3-0.4 kp.kP. mfyj; j pYk; ,iyfspd;
mog]ghfj;jpy; gr]irak; Ruz;lg]gl;l (giHa E}yhk; gil) gFjpf;F mUnf
,lg]gLfpd;wd. Kl;ilg] gUtk; 5 ehl;fshFk;.
( ii ) g[G
ruhrhp g[G gUtk; 42 ehl;fs; MFk;. ed;whf tsh]r]rp mile;j g[G
,sk; gr]ir epwj;jpy; 15 kp.kP. ePsKld; rptg]nghL Toa gGg]g[ epwj;jpy;
\d;W gl;ilahd nfhLfs; bfhz;oUf;Fk;. ,jd; jiy fUg]g[ epwj;jpy;
rw;W cs;nehf;fp tise;J fhzg]gLk;.
( iii ) Tl;Lg; g[G
Tl;Lg]g[G gUtk; 12 ehl;fshFk;. Tl;Lg]g[GthdJ gGg]g[ epwj;jpy]
kyh] - 1 39 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
yhh]th gpd;dpa E}yhk; gilf;Fs; fhzg]gLk;. Vwf;Fiwa jl;ilahft[k;
(Kd; gFjp jl;ilahft[k; gpd;gFjp Th]ikahft[k;) fhzg]gLk;.
( iv ) me;Jg] g{r;rp
Tl;Lg] g[GtpypUe;J 12 ehl;fs; Koe;j gpd;g[ me;Jg] g{r]rpahf
btsptUfpwJ. bgz: me;Jg] g{r]rp 10 -15 kp.kP. ePskhft[k;/ 20-25 kp.kP.
mfykhft[k;/ tapw;Wg] gFjp joj;Jk;/ Edp Th]ikahft[k; fhzg]gLk;.
Mz; me;Jg] g{r]rp cUtj;jpy; rw]W rpwpajhft[k;/ tapw;Wg] gFjp
bkype;Jk;/ Edpg]gFjp nuhkf; fw]iwfSld; fhzg]gLk;;. bgz; me;Jg] g{r]rp
jd; thH; ehspy; ruhrhpahf 135 Kl;ilfs; ,Lk;. bgz; me;Jg] g{r]rp
ruhrhpahf 5 ehl;fSk;/ Mz: me;Jg] g{r]rp 7 ehl;fs; tiuapYk; caph]
thGk;. ,jd; KG tsh]r]rpg] gUtk; (Kl;il Kjy; me;Jg] g{r]rp tiu) 2
khj';fspy; Kotila[k;.
xU';fpize;j fl;Lg;ghL
(i) iftpidf; fl;Lg;ghL
fPH;; mLf;Ffspy; mjpfk; nrjkile;j fha;e;Jnghd ,iyfis (2-3)
btl;o mg]g[wg]gLj;jp jPapl;L vhpf;ft[k;.
(ii) ntjpapay; fl;Lg;ghL
1. jhf;Fjy; gutpapUf;Fk; nghJ fPH;f;fz;l VnjDk; xU kUe;jpid
jhf;fg]gl;l ,iyfspd; mog]ghf';fspy; cs;s E}yhk;gilfspd;
kPJ ed;F gLk;go bjspf;ft[k;. ilFnshh]th!; 0.02% my;yJ
khyj;jpahd; my;yJ vd;nlhry;ghd; my;yJ Fapd;dhy;gh!; my;yJ
ghrnyhd; 0.05%.
2. kpf mjpfst[ Jhpjfjpapy; jhf;Fjy; gutpapUf;Fk; nghJ 10 kp.yp.
nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; + 10 kpyp jz;zPh] vd;w mstpy; rptg]g[
epwKs;s nth] \yk; jhf;fg]gl;l ku';fSf;F brYj;jt[k;. nj';fha;
mWtil/ kUe;J brYj;jg]gLtjw;F Kd;ngh my;yJ 45 ehl;fSf;F
gpwnfh bra;at[k;.
(iii) caphpay; Kiw fl;Lg]ghL
1. jhf;fg]gl;l ,lj;jpy; fUe;jiyg]g[Gtpd; jhf;Fjy; ve;j epiyapy;
cs;sJ vd;gij fz;lwpe;j gpd;g[ xl;Lz;zpfis njitahd
mstpy;/ njitahd ,ilbtspfspy; (15 ehl;fs; ) tplt[k;.
kyh] - 1 40 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
2. gpuhf;fdpl; kw;Wk; bgj;jpypl; xl;Lz;zpfis yhh]th epiyapy; kuk;
xd;Wf;F Kiwna 20 kw;Wk; 10 vd;w vz;zpf;ifapy; tplt[k;. Vyh!;;k!;
xl;Lz;zpfis Tl;Lg]g[G epiyf;F Ke;jpa yhh]th epiyapy; tplt[k;.
3. rhy;rpl; my;yJ a[nyhgpl; xl;Lz;zpfis Kiwna kuk; xd;Wf;F 1
kw;Wk; 20 vd;w vz;zpf;ifapy; Tl;Lg]g[G epiyapy; tplt[k;.
4. g{r]rp bfhy;yp kUe;Jfs; bjspj;jpUe;jhnyh my;yJ nth] \yk;
brYj;jpapUe;jhnyh 21 ehl;fs; Koe;j gpwF xl;Lz;zpfis 15 ehl;fs;
,ilbtspapy; bjhlh]e;J 5 my;yJ 6 Kiw tplt[k;.
5. jhf;fg]gl;l ku';fSf;F gaph] ghJfhg]g[ Kiwfis bra;tnjhL/
ghpe;Jiu bra;ag]gl;l mstpy; cuk; kw;Wk; ePh] eph]thfk; nkw;bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;.
rptg]g[ Td; tz;L
j k";rs; epwj;Jld; cs; kw;Wk; eL ,iyaLf;Ffspy; cs;s ,iyfs;
thoaJ nghd;W fhzg]gLk;.
j kl;ilfspd; mog]ghfj;jpy; ePs btog]g[fs; fhzg]gLk;.
j ,sk; ku';fspd; Edpg] gFjp mGfp xUtpj Jh] thil tPRk;.
j jz;L kw;Wk; kuj;jpd; mog]ghfj;jpy; Jthu';fs; fhzg]gLk;.
j Jthu';fspd; tH[pahf tz;Lfs; jpd;W Jg]g[k; bjd;id ehh]fs;
btspg]gLk;.
j Jthu';fspypUe;J gGg]g[ epwj; jputk; btsptUk;.
j Th]e;J nfl;lhy; rptg]g[ Td; tz;od; ,sk; g[Gf;fs; bjd;id kuj;jpd;
jz;Lg] gFjpia jpd;Dk; bghGJ Vw;gLj;Jk; rg]jj;jpid nfl;f
Koa[k;.
j kuj;jpd; moapYk; kl;ilapd; moapYk; Tl;Lg] g[Gtpd; TL my;yJ
KG tsh]r]rp mile;j tz;L my;yJ jpd;dg]gl;l ehh]fs; Mfpait
fhzg]gLk;.
thH;f;ifg] gUtk;
bgz; Td; tz;L jd; thH;ehspy; 276 Kl;ilfs; tiu ,Lk;.
Kl;ilg] gUtk; 2-3 ehl;fs;. g[Gg] gUtk; 36-78 ehl;fshFk;. g[Gf;fs;
kyh] - 1 41 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
btz;ik epwj;Jld; fhy;fspd;wp ,Uf;Fk;. Tl;Lg]g[G gUtk; 12-33
ehl;fs;. ,jd; KG thH;f;ifg] gUtk; 4 khj';fs;.
xU';fpize;j fl;Lg]ghL
1) ku';fspd; Edpg]gFjpia njitahd ,ilbtspapy; Rj;jk; bra;a
ntz;Lk;.
2) jhf;fg]gl;l ,we;j ku';fis clnd btl;o mg]g[wg]gLj;jp vhpj;Jtpl
ntz;Lk;. ,jdhy; Td; tz;Lfs; kPz;Lk; gut[tij jLf;fyhk;.
3) ku';fspd; jz;Lg] gFjpapy; fha';fs; Vw;glhjthW ghh]j;Jf;
bfhs;Sjy; kpf Kf;fpak;. nkYk; Jthu';fs; ,Ug]gpd;; mtw;iw
rpbkd;l; my;yJ fspkz; g{rp milj;J tpLjy; ntz;Lk;.
4) ku';fspd; jz;Lg] gFjpapd; kPJ fha';fs; Vw;gLj;jf; TlhJ.
5) gr] i r kl; i lfis btl; L tij jtph] f ; f ntz; L k; . mg; g o
btl;Ltjhapd; jz;oypUe;J 120 br.kP. js;sp btl;l ntz;Lk;.
6) Edp/ eLf;FUj;J kw;Wk; ,iy kl;il ,Lf;Ffspy; nghnul; my;yJ
ntg]g';bfhl;ilj; J}s; 5 fpuhk; bfhz;l (Jisa[ld; Toa) 2
ghf;bfl;Lfs; itg]gjhy; fhz;lhkpUf tz;L jhf;fpa ,l';fspy;
rptg]g[ Td; tz;L Kl;ilapLtijj; jLf;fyhk;.
7) ,iy ,Lf;Ffspy; brtplhy; 25 fpuhk; + kzy; 20 fpuhk; fye;j
fyitiag] nghlt[k;.
8) ,iy ,Lf;Ffspy; \d;W g{r]rp cUz;ilfis ,uz;L (Jisa[ld;
cs;s) ghf;bfl;Lfspy; itf;ft[k;.
9) nth] \yk; 10 kp.yp. nkhndhFnuhl;nlhgh!; kUe;ij 10 kp.yp.
jz;zPhpy; fye;J 45 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; \d;W jlit
bjhlh]e;J brYj;jt[k;. nth] \yk; kUe;J brYj;Jtjw;F Kd;
fha;fis mWtil bra;Jtpl ntz;Lk;. kUe;J brYj;jpagpd; 45
ehl;fs; fHpj;Jj;jhd; mWtil bra;a ntz;Lk;.
10) FUj; j Gfy; / ,iyaGfy; kw; W k; fhz: l hkpUf tz; L fshy;
jhf;fg]gl;l ku';fs; mjpfk; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shtjhy;/ me;j
ku';fis Kjypy; g{rzf; bfhy;yp kw;Wk; g{r]rp bfhy;yp kUe;Jfisg]
gad;gLj;jp ghJfhf;f ntz;Lk;.
kyh] - 1 42 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
11) Td; tz;L jhf;fpa xt;bthU kuj;jpd; Jthuj;jpYk; \d;W fpuhk; vil
cila ,uz;L mYkpdpak; gh!;igL khj;jpiufis nghl;L
Jisapid igl;nlhyhd; fye;j fspkz;zhy; \lntz;Lk;.
12) bgh]nuhYaph] vd;w fth]r]rpg] bghwpfis vf;lh] xd;Wf;F xd;W tPjk;
itj;Jk; rptg]g[ Td; tz;Lfis fth]e;J mHpf;fyhk;.
<hpnahigl; rpye;jp
,e;j rpye;jpfs; ,sk; FUk;igfspy; cs;s gFjpapy; mjhtJ
fhk;gpd; njhYf;F moapy; ,Ue;J bfhz;L/ rhw;iw cwp";Rtjhy; 1 Kjy; 3
khj ,sk; FUk;igfspy;/ bjhl;Lf;Ff; fPnH Kf;nfhz totpy; btsph]
k";rs; epw jpl;Lf;fs; Kjypy; njhd;Wk;. tsh]e;j FUk;igapd; nj';fha;
kl;ilapd; btspg]g[wj;jpy; gGg]g[ epwj; jpl;Lf;fs; gutyhf Vw;gl;L fha;fs;
rpWj;J tpLk;. FUk;igfs; cjpUk; Kw;wpa fha;fspy; gGg]g[ epw jpl;Lf;fs;
fodkhfp/ ePsthf;fpy; btog]g[fs; Vw;gLk;. fha;fs; rpWj;Jg]ngha;/ gUg]gpd;
mst[k; Fiwa[k;.
xU';fpize;j fl;Lg]ghL
<upnahigl; rpye; j pia fl; L g; g Lj; j xU'; f pize; j
nkyhz;ikia filg]gpog]gJ mtrpakhFk;. bfd;jhyp Fl;il kw;Wk;
brsfhl; Mu";R Fl;il ufk; <upnahigl; rpye;jpf;F kpjkhd vjph]g]g[j;jpwd;
bfhz;lJ. tUlk; xd;Wf;F xU kuj;jpw;F 1.3 fpnyh a{upah/ 2.0 fpnyh Ng]gh]
kw;Wk; 3.5 fpnyh bghl;lh#; cu';fisa[k;/ ,j;Jld; 50 fpuhk; nghuhf;!;/ 1
fpnyh $pg; r k; kw; W k; 500 fpuhk; bkf; d Prpak; ry; n gl; Mfpa
Ez;qu';fisa[k; 50 fpnyh bjhGtj;Jld; ,lntz;Lk;. rzg]g[
CLgapuhf tUlk; ,UKiw tpistpj;J koj;J cH ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; 45
ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; 1-6 khj FUk;igfspy;
Kjy; Kiwahf - mrhouhf;od; 1 rjk; (10 kpy;yp / ypl;lh])
,uz;lhk; Kiwahf - ntg]g vz;iz 3 rjk; (30 kpy;yp / ypl;lh])
\d;whk; Kiwahf - mrhouhf;od; 1 rjk; (10 kpy;yp / ypl;lh]) fye;J
bjspf;f ntz;Lk;.
kyh] - 1 43 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

bjd;idia jhf;Fk; neha;fSk; nkyhz;ik bjd;id gaph] bra;tjw;F ,ila{uhf tps';Fk; gy fhuzpfspy; neha;fs;
bgUk;g';F tfpf;fpwJ.
KiwfSk;
moj;jz;lGfy; neha;
fh. uh$g;gd; kw;Wk; g. kPdh
,e;neha; 1952-55 k; Mz;Lfspy; Vw;gl;l g[ay;fSf;Fg]gpd; j";ir
bjd;id Muha;r]rp epiyak;
khtl;lj;jpy; Kjd; Kjypy; njd;wpajhy; ,e;neha; j";rht{h] thly;neha;
jkpH;ehL ntshz:ikg] gy;fiyf; fHfk;
vd;W bgah] bgw;wJ. 1965-66k; Mz;Ltiu ,e;neha;/ j";ir/ ,uhkehjg[uk;/
ntg]g';Fsk; - 614 906/ & : 04373-260205
jpUbey; n typ/ fd; d pahFkhp/ bjd; d hw; f hL nghd; w flw; f iu
MHpahh]efh] - 642 101/ & : 04253-288722
khtl;l';fspy; kl;Lk; fhzg]gl;lJ. jw;nghJ bjd;id gaph]bra;a[k;
bjd;id Mrpah/ grpgpf; kw;Wk; Mg]gpupf;fh fz;l';fisr] rhh]e;j midj;J jkpHf khtl;l';fspYk; gutpa[s;sJ. ,e;nehia fhndhblh]kh
gy;ntW ehLfspy; gaphplg]gLfpwJ. ,k;kuj;jpd; midj;J ghf';fSk; Y}rplk; vd;w g{rzk; cz;lhf;FfpwJ. kz; kw;Wk; ePh] \ykhf ,e;neha;
gad;gLtjhy; ,J fw;gftpUl;rk; vd;W miHf;fg]gLfpwJ. bjd;id xU btFtpiuthf gutf;ToaJ. kdpjh]fSf;F cz;lhFk; Mgj;jhd
g[w;wneha; nghd;W bjd;idapy; ,J mjpga';fu caph]bfhy;yp nehahFk;.
bjhd;ikahd gapuhFk;. ,jd; gad;ghL 5000 tUl';fSf;F nkyhfnt
,g]gog]gl;l mjpf nrjk; tpistpf;ff;Toa moj;jz:lGfy; nehia
,Ue;J tUfpwJ. cyfpy; 93 ehLfspy; 13 kpy;ypad; vf;lh]fspy; bjd;id
xU';fpize;j Kiwfspy; nkyhz;ik bra;ayhk;.
tsh]f;fg]gl;L 57.943 kpy;ypad; fha;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;ag]gLfpwJ.
,e;njhndrpah/ gpypg]igd;!: kw;Wk; ,e;jpah Mfpa ehLfs; bjd;id neha; mwpFwpfs;
tsh]g]gpy; Kjy; \d;wpl';fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. \d;whkplj;jpy; cs;s ,e; b eha; j"; i r thly; n eha; vd; W k; miHf; f g] g LfpwJ.
,e;jpahtpy; 19.14 ,yl;rk; vf;lh]fspy; bjd;id tsh]f;fg]gLfpwJ. jw;rkak; jz;Lg]gFjpapy; mog]ghfj;jpy; brk;gGg]g[ epwj;jpy; rhW toa Muk;gpf;Fk;.
jkpH;ehl;oy; 4.07 ,yl;rk; vf;lhpy; bjd;id gapuplg]gLfpwJ. mjpy; xU rhWtojy; jz;od; nky;nehf;fp gut[k;. kuj;jpd; btspr]Rw;W kl;ilfspy;
tUlj;jpy; xU vf;lhpypUe;J 12/000 fha;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd. ,e;jpahtpy; Muk;gpj;J xt;bthd;whfj; bjh';f Muk;gpf;Fk;. ,it rha;e;J tpGe;J
bjd; i d rhFgo gug] g py; jkpH; e hL ,uz; l hkplj; j py; cs; s J. tpLk; . rpy rka'; f spy; jz; L g] g Fjpapd; mog; g hfj; j py; ,Ue; J
bjdi ; dapypUeJ ; gytpjkhd kjpgg ] {ll
; gg] ll
; bghUlf ; s; jahhpff; gg
] LfpwJ. kug]gl;ilfs; chpa Muk;gpf;Fk;. g[jpa ghisfs; cw;gj;jpahtJ Fiwe;J
mtw;Ws; rh]f;fiu/ b$y;yp/ bfhGg]g[ ePf;fg]gl;l nj';fha; gt[lh]/ vz;bza;/ tpLk;. fha;fs; rhptu tsh]r]rpailahky; xy;ypf;fha;fshf khwp tpLk;.
gnahOry/; gnahY}gh]pfdl ; !; /; rpuli
; ljJ ; }s/; rpuli
; lff; hp/ CfF
; tpff ; gg
] ll
; nth]fs; mGfpapUf;Fk;. ,Wjpapy; kuj;jpy; vy;yh kl;ilfSk; fha;e;J
fhh]gd;/ fhy; kpjpaofs;/ jiu tphpg]g[fs;/ fapW nghd;wit Fwpg]gplj; FUj; J k; xoe; J tpGe; J kuk; gl; L tpLk; . rpy rka'; f spy;
jf;fjhFk;. nth]g]gFjpapypUe;njh my;yJ jz;od; mog]ghfj;jpypUe;njh
fhndhblh]khY}rplk; vd;w fhshd; njhd;Wk;.
nkYk; bjdi
; d bgUkg;hyhd tptrha FLkg;'f
; spd; thHt
; hjhujj
; pwF
;
rkPg fhy';fspy; ,e;nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ku';fspy; Kjypy;
Kf;fpa g';F tfpf;fpwJ. epiwa r\f epfH;t[fspy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
btspgg; Lk; ,lh] g hL FUk; i gfSk; / nj'; f ha; f Sk; bfhl; L tJ.
bgw;Ws;sJ. kdpjdpd; md;whl epfH;t[fspYk;/ tpHhf;fspYk;/ k';fs
kuj;jpYs;s midj;J FUk;igfSk;/ nj';fha;fSk; 7 ypUe;J 10
bghUshf nj';fha;f;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jug]gLfpwJ. ,yl;rf; fzf;fhd
ehl;fSf;Fs; bfhl;otpLfpd;wd. mLj;jgoahf kuj;jpd; mor]Rw;W
bjhHpyhsh]fSf;F ntiy tha;g]igf; bfhLf;fpwJ.
kl;ilfspy; Xiy btsph] k";rs; epwj;jpw;F khWfpd;wd. gpd;dh] Xiyfs;
kdpjh]fSf;F ,t;tst[ ,d;wpaikahj bghUshf tps';Fk; gGg]g[ epwj;jpw;F khwp kl;il fha;e;J tpGe;J tpLfpd;wd. ,e;j mwpFwpfs;

kyh] - 1 44 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 45 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
kuj;jpd; nky; Rw;W kl;ilfSf;Fk; gut[fpd;wd. vy;yh kl;ilfSk; fha;e;J
tpGe;J FUj;J mGfptpLk;. ghisfs;/ Twh";rp Mfpait fUfp
tpLfpd;wd. ,Wjpapy; kuk; gl;LtpLfpd;wJ.
neha; gut[k; Kiw
,e;neha; xU kuj;jpypUe;J kw;w ku';fSf;F neha[w;w nth]fs; \yk;
gut[fpwJ. kz;zpy; neha; ghjpf;fg]gl;l ku';fspd; nth]fs; neha; ghjpf;fhj
ku';fspd; nth]fis bjhLk;bghGJ ,e;neha; gut[fpwJ. nkYk;/ cHtpay;
Kiwfis bra;a[k;nghJ neha;g] g{rzj;ij bfhz;l kz; \yKk; xU
kuj;jpypUe;J mUfpYs;s ku';fSf;F gut[fpwJ.
neha;f;F Vw;w R{H;epiyfs;
flw;fiuia xl;oa kzw;gh';fhd ,l';fspYk;/ khdhthhp bjd;id
rhFgo epy';fspYk;/ guhkhpg]g[ ,y;yhj bjd;de;njhg]g[fspYk; ,e;neha;
mjpfk; fhzg]gLfpwJ. kz;zpd; btg]gepiy mjpfhpf;Fk; bghGJk;/
<ujj
; di
; k Fiwak [ ; bghGJk; kwW
; k; nfhil fhy'f
; spy; ePhg
] hrdkpyy
; hky;
kz; ,Wfp tpLtjhYk; ,e;neha; jPtpukilfpwJ. khh]r] khjk; Kjy;
Mf!;l; khjk; tiu rhWtojy; mwpFwp mjpfk; fhzg]gLk;. ,e;nehapd;
jhf;Fjy; gj;J taJf;F nkw;gl;l ku';fspy; mjpfk; fhzg]gLfpwJ.
neha; guhkhpg]g[ Kiwfs;
f neha; jhf]fp ,we;j ku';fisa[k] neha; Kw;wpa epiyapy; cs;s
ku';fisa[k; ntUld; vLj;J mg]g[wg]gLj;JtJ mtrpak;.
f neha[s;s ku';fisr] Rw;wp 60 br.kP. mfyKs;s gs;sk] vLj;J neha;
jhf;fpa ku';fis jdpikg]gLj;jt[k].
f nfhilapy; 10 ehl]fSf]F xU Kiw ePh]ghrdk] bra;tJ mtrpak].
ePh]ghrd trjpapy;yhj ,l';fspy; kiHf]fhy';fspy; ,uz;L thpir
ku';fSf]F eLtpy; 5 kPl]lh] mfyk;/ 0.8 kPl]lh] MHk] cs;s gs;s';fs;
vLj;J chpkl]ilfis ehh]ghfk] nky; nehf;fp ,Uf;FkhW mikf;ft[k].
xt]bthU mLf]fpd; nkYk] kz; ,l ntz;Lk]. ,it kuk] xd;Wf;F 800
chpkl]ilfs; vd;w fzf;fpy; njitg]gLk]. ,it kiHf;fhy';fspy; ePiu
fpufpj;J nrkpj;J ntdpw; fhyj;jpy; kuj;Jf;F bfhLf;Fk]. ,jdhy; nehapd;
jPtpuk] fzprkhf Fiwa[k].
kyh] - 1 46 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
f bfhsp"; r p / rzg] g[ nghd; w gRe; j hs; cug] g apiu njhg] g pd;
,ilbtspapy; gaphpl;L g{f;Fk] gUtj]jpy; kz;zpy; cGJtpl ntz;Lk].
Vf;fUf;F tpij mst[ 10 fpnyh.
f ePh]ghrd trjpa[s;s ,l';fspy; thiH CLgaph] bra;tJ ey;yJ.
f kuk] xd;Wf]F xt;bthU Mz;Lk] 50 fpnyh kf]fpa bjhG cuk]
my;yJ 50 fpnyh jiHa[uk] (rzg]g[ / bfhsp";rp) ,l ntz;Lk].
f J}s; bra;j ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F kuk] xd;Wf;F 5 fpnyh tPjk] xt;bthU
Mz;Lk] ,lt[k].
f Nnlhnkhdh!; g]nshud;;!; 200 fpuhk] kw;Wk] oiunfhblh]kh tphpnl
200 fpuhk] Ez;qaph]fis 50 fpnyh kf;fpa rhzp vUt[ld; fye;J 6
khj';fSf;F xU Kiw ,l ntz;Lk]. gh!;nghghf;Ohpah my;yJ
mnrhnlhghf;lh] 200 fpuhk]/ 10 fpnyh kf;fpa rhzp vUt[ld; fye;J
xt;bthU Mz;Lk] ,l ntz;Lk]
f Mhpnahg";rpd; - rhy; 2 fpuhk] kUe;Jld; 1 fpuhk; kapy; Jj;jk; my;yJ
fhypf;rpd; 2 kp.yp kUe;ij 100 kpy;yp ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fye;J nth] \yk;
cl]brYj;jt[k]. ,jw;F bgd;rpy; mst[ gUkDs;s Mnuhf;fpakhd ntiu
njh]t[ bra;J kuj;jpypUe;J Rkhh] 60 br.kP. J}uj]jpy; gprpW ,y;yhky;
rha;thf btl]o kUe;ij ghypj;jPd; igapy; vLj;Jf;bfhz;L mjpy; nthpd;
Edp ed;F \H;fpapUf;FkhW itj;J igapd; thia ntUld; nrh]j;J
E}yhy; ,Wff; fl]otpl]lhy; 24 kzp neuj;jpy; kUe;J KGtija[k] kuk]
cwp";rptpLk]. ,t;thW kUe;jpLtJ \d;W khj';fSf;F xU Kiwahf
Kk;Kiw bra;a ntz;Lk].
f nehaw;w ku';fs; xt;bthd;Wf;Fk] 40 ypl]lh] xU rj nghh]nlh
fyitia kuj;ij Rw;wp ,uz;L kPl]lh] tl;lg]ghj;jpapy; kz; ed;F
eida[khW Cw;w ntz;Lk].
nth] thly; neha;
bjd;id nth] thly; neha; 1882y; nfus khepyk;/ nfhl;lak;
khtl;lj;jpy; cs]s bjd]id ku']fspy] jhf]fpapUg]gJ gw]wp Kjd; Kjypy;
bjhpa te]jJ. rkPgfhykhf jkpH;ehl;oy; jpz;Lf;fy;/ jpUbey;ntyp/
fd;dpahFkhp kw;Wk; nfhak;g[j;J}h] khtl;l';fspy; ,e;neha; Muk]g
kyh] - 1 47 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

epiyapy; jhf]fp ,Ug]gJ gw]wp fz;lwpag]gl;Ls;sJ. Fwpg]ghf njdp Ma]t[ gy]ntW khtl]l']fspy] nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]lJ. Fwpg]ghf jkpH]ehL -
khtl;lk; fk;gk; tl;lhuj;jpy; ,e;neha; kpf mjpf mstpy; ghjpj;Js;sJ. nfush khepy vy]iy khtl]l']fshd nfhak]g[j]J}h]/ jpz]Lf]fy]/ njdP/
,e; n eha; midj; J bjd; i d ,uf'; f spYk; / vy; y h kz; fd;dpahFkhp/ jpUbey;ntyp kw]Wk] <nuhL/ f+h]/ tpUJefh] khtl]l']fspy;
tiffspYk; fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,s';fd;Wfs; Kjy; Kjph]e;j ku';fs; tiu nth] thly; neha] bjd]idia ghjpj]Js]sjh vd fsg]gzp Ma]t[
,e;neha; jhf;Ffpd;wd. neha; Kw;wpa epiyapy;/ 80 rjk; tiu fha; kfNy; nkw]bfhs]sg]gl]lJ. njdP khtl]lj]jpy] fk]gk] tl]lj]jpYk]/ jpUbey]ntyp
,Hg]g[ Vw]gLk]. khtl]lj]jpy; br']nfhl]il tl]lj]jpYk]/ fd]dpahFkhp khtl]lj]jpy]
jpUtl]lhh] kw]Wk] jf]fiy tl]l']fspYk] mjpf mstpy] nth] thly] neha]
neha;f; fhuzp jhf]fpa[s]sJ gw]wp Ma]tpy] fz]lwpag]gl]ld.
,e;neha; igl;nlhgpsh!;kh vDk; neha;f;fpUkpahy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. nfhak]g[j]J}h]/ <nuhL khtl]l']fspy] ,e]nehapd] jhf]Fjy] ,y]iy
igl;nlhgpsh!;kh fpUkp cUz;il/ br';nfhy;/ cUis kw]Wk] RUs; vdt[k] f+h]/ jpz;Lf]fy] khtl]l']fspy] ,e]neha] kpf Muk]g epiyapy] xU
nghd;w gytpj tot';fis bfhz:lJ. ,e;neha;f;fhuzp jj;Jg]g{r]rp kw;Wk; rpy ku']fspy] cs]sJ vdt[k] Ma]tpy] fz:lwpag]gl]Ls;sd.
fz;zho ,wf;if g{r]rpapd; ckpH;ePh] Rug]gpfspy; fhzg]gLtjhy;
,t]tpuz:L rhW cwp"]Rk] g{r]rpfshy; ,e;neha; gut[fpwJ. nth] thly; neha; nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;
ghjpf;fg]gl;l ku';fspypUe;J igl;nlhgpsh!;kh fpUkpia vLj;Jf; l neha] jhf]fpa ku';fis btl;o mg]g[wg]gLj;Jtjhy; kw;w ku';fSf;F
bfhs;s fz;zho ,wf;if g{r]rpf;F 20 ehl;fSk;/ jj;Jg]g{r]rpf;F 30 neha; gut[jy; jLf;fg]gLfpwJ.
ehl;fSk; njitg]gLfpd;wJ. ,e;neha; \d;W Mz;Lfspy; 1 Kjy; 4 fpnyh l neha; jh';Fk; jpwd; bfhz;l ,uf';fshd brsfhl; Mu";R Fl;il/
kPl;lh] J}uk; tiu gutf]ToaJ. brsfhl; gr]ir Fl;il kw;Wk; tPhpa xl;L ,ufkhd brsfhl; Mu";R
Fl;il x nkw;F flw;fiu bel;il gad;gLj;jyhk;.
mwpFwpfs;
l cu nkyhz;ik (kuk; xd;wpw;F tUlk] xd]wpw;F)
f ,iykl;ilfs; fPH;nehf;fp tise;J kdpjdpd; tpyh vYk;g[ nghy
fhzg]gLk;. bjhG cuk; 50 fpnyh
f kuj;jpd; eLg]gFjpapy; cs;s ,iyfs; k";rs; epwkhf fhzg;gLk;. ntg]gk; g[z;zhf;F 5 fpnyh
f ,iyapd; Xu';fs; fUfpf; fhzgg
] Lk;. Nnlhnkhdh!; vjph] caphp ghf;Ohpak; 200 fpuhk;
f FUj;J mGfpf; fhzgg
] Lk;. a{hpah 1.3 fpnyh
f g{';bfhj;J fUfpf; fhzgg
] Lk;. Ng]gh] gh!;ngl; 2 fpnyh
f bkhl;Lf;fs; mjpfstpy; cjphe
] ;J tpLk;. bghl;lh#; 3.5 fpnyh
f nth] mGfp/ epwk; Fd]wp fhzgg
] Lk;. kf;dPrpak; ry;ngl; 1 fpnyh

f bjdd ; 'f
; dW
; fspy; neha; Vwg
; ll
; hy/; g{fF
; k; jUzk; jss
; pgn
] ghtJld; l bjd;idapy; CLgapuhf thiH/ kpsF/ nfhnfh/ btd;dpyh/ k";rs;/
fha; kfNYk; Fiwa[k;. ,";rp/ fpH';F tiffs;/ md;dhrp/ fhgp/ $hjpf;fha; kw]Wk] kuts;sp
nghd;w gaph]fis gaphplyhk;.
nth] thly] neha] jhf]f fz]fhzpg]g[ Ma]t[
l nghnul; 20 fpuhk;/ FUiz kUe;ij 200 fpuhk; kzYld; fye;J
jkpH]ehl]oy] bjd]id nth] thly; nehapd] jhf]fk] gw]wpa fz;fhzpg]g[ FUj;jpd; mog]gFjpapy; ,l ntz;Lk;.

kyh] - 1 48 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 49 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
l nfhilapy; xU thuj;jpw;F jz;zPh] 250 ypl;lh]] tPjk] kuk; xd;wpw;F
gha;r]r ntz;Lk.;
l ed;whf tofhy; trjp bra;at[k;.
l tUlj;jpw;F 10 fha;fSf;Fk; Fiwthf fha;f;Fk; neha[w;w ku';fis
mg]g[wg]gLj;jp/ jukhd bjd;d';fd;iw el ntz;Lk;.
nth] thly; - ,iy mGfy; neha;fspd; xU';fpize]j epiy
,iy mGfy; nehahdJ nth] thly; neha[ld; ,ize;nj ku']fspy]
fhzg]gLk;. nth] thly; neha; jhf;Ftjhy; kuk; gytPdkile;J/ ,iy
mGfy; neha; vspjpy; Vw; g LfpwJ. ,iy mGfy; nehahdJ
bfhypl; n lhl; i ufk; / bQy; k pd; n jh!; n ghhpak; / g] a {nrhpak; /
iunrhf;nlhdpah nghd;w g{rz';fshy; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;neha; kuj;jpd;
FUj;ij kl;Lk; ghjpf;Fk;. g{rz';fs; FUj;jpiyfspy] bkd;ikahd
jpRf;fspy; gutp/ jpRf;fs; mGfp/ ghjpf]fg]gl]l ,iyg]gFjp fhw;wpdhy;
tpGe;J/ euk;g[ kl;Lnk ,iykl]ilfspy] fhzg]gLk;.
fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs;
fhz;lhg] kUe;J 2 kpy;yp my;yJ ilj;njd; vk; 45 3 fpuhk; kUe;ij 300
kp.yp. jz;zPhpy; fye;J FUj;jpy; Cw;Wtjhy; ,e;nehia vspjpy;
fl;Lg]gLj;jyhk;.
,iyf;fUfy; neha;
bjd;id kl;ilfspd; Xiyiaj;jhf;Fk; gy neha;fSs; ,iyfUfy;
neha; cyfk; KGtJk; fhzg] g LfpwJ. bjd; i dapy; njhd; W k;
,iyfUfy; nehia gytpjkhd g{rz';fs; njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. mtw;Ws;
Kff; pakhdit bg!l ; nyhrpahg!
] p!; gyn
; kuk; kwW
; k; yhrpnahogn
] shoah
jpnahg[nuhnk vd;w ,uz;L g{rz';fshFk;.
bg!;lnyhrpahg;!p!; ,iyf;fUfy;
,g]g{rzj;jhy; Vw;gLk; ,iyf;fUfy; bjd;id gaph] bra;ag]gLk;
midj;Jj; njhl;l';fspYk; fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,e;neha; ,iyg]g[s;sp my;yJ
rhk; g y; fUfy; vdt[ k ; miHf; f g; g LfpwJ. bjd; i d ku'; f spy;
,g]g{rzj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; ,iyg]g[s;sp ,y;yhj ,iyfis fhz;gJ
kyh] - 1 50 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
kpft[k; mhpJ. ,g]g{rzj;jpd; bgUf;fk; kw;Wk; gut[jYf;F cfe;j
rPnjh#;z epiy fhzg]gLk;nghJ ,e;nehapd; jhf;fk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
Mdhy; ,e;neha; bjd;d';fd;Wfis jhf;Fk; bghGJjhd; Fwpg]gplj;jf;f
mst[ bghUshjhu ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpwJ.
mwpFwpfs; kw;Wk; kfR{y; ,Hg;g[
Kjd; Kjypy; kuj;jpd; mo kl;ilapYs;s mo Xiyfspy; ,e;neha;
njd;Wk;. rhk;gy; fye;j gGg]g[ epw btsp tpspk;g[fSf;Fs; Ez;zpa k";rs;
g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. gpd;g[ ,g]g[s;spfs; bghpajhfp Kl;il totj;jpnyh
my;yJ totkw;nwh 5 br.kP. ePsj;jpy; fhzg]gLk;. g[s;spapd; ikag]gFjp
rhk;gy; fye;j bts;is epwkhf khWk;nghJ gGg]g[ epw tpspk;g[ gFjp
mjpfkhFk;. gy g[s;spfs; xd;W nrh]e;J bghpa totkw;w fUfpa gFjpfis
cUthf;Fk;. Xiyapd; nkw;gug]gpy; mrh]t[y!; vdg]gLk; g{rzj;jpd;
tpj;Jg]igfs; kpf Ez;zpa fUg]g[ epwg]g[s;spfshf fhzg]gLk;. kpft[k;
mjpfstpy; ghjpf;fg]gl;l Xiyfs; fUfpa njhw;wj;ijf; bfhLg]gjhy; ,e;j
neha;f;F ,iyf;fUfy; neha; vd;W bgah].
,g]g{rzk; bjd;id Xiyfspy; Jg]ghf;fpahy; Rlg]gl;lJ nghd;w
Jisfis njhw;Wtpf;Fk;.
nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg]gl;l kl;ilfs; cjph]e;J tpLtJld; kl;ilfspd;
vz;zpf;if FiwtnjhL kuj;jpd; fha;f;Fk; taJ js;spg]nghFk;.
bjd;id ehw;w';fhypy; ,e;neha; fd;Wfspd; cauk;/ ,iy cw;gj;jp kw;Wk;
fd;Wfspd; fGj;J gFjpfspd; tsh]r]rpia ghjpf;fpd;wJ. rpy neu';fspy;
ehw;w';fhypnyna ,s';fd;Wfs; ,we;JtpLtJz;L. Kjph]e;j fha;f;Fk;
bjd;id ku';fspy; fha;fspd; kfNy; 10-24 rjk; tiu ,e;nehapd;
jhf;fj;jhy; Fiwa[k;. nehapd; jhf;fk; kuj;jpd; ehw;gJ taJ tiu
mjpfhpj;J gpd;g[ Fiwa[k;.
,g]g{rzk; jhf;Fk; kw;w gaph]fs;
,e;j g{rzk; bjd;idiaj; jtpu ghf;Fkuk;/ vz;bza; gid/
gidkuk;/ my';fhu gid Mfpatw;iwa[k; jhf;FfpwJ.
neha; eph]thf Kiw
,e;nehiaf; fl;Lg]gLj;j 2 fpuhk; fhh]gd;lhrpk; kUe;ij 100 kp. yp. ePhpy;
kyh] - 1 51 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009 cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009

fye;J nth] \yk; cl;brYj;j ntz;Lk;. bghl;lh#; cuj;jpd; msit ork;gh] khjj;jpy; mjpfkhft[k;/ $%d; khjj;jpy; Fiwthft[k; fhzg]gLk;.
mjpfg]gLj;Jk;nghJ nehapd; jhf;fk; FiwfpwJ. Fiwe;jst[ btg]gepiy/ mjpf <ug]gjk; cs;s kiHf;fhy';fspy; nehapd;
jPtpuk; mjpfkhFk;.
nyrpnahog]nyhoah ,iyf;fUfy;
neha; jhf;fg]gl;l kuj;jpypUe;J g{rz tpj;Jf;fs; fhw;wpd; \yk;
,e;neha; bghs;shr]rp gFjpfspYk;/ jkpH;ehl;od; gpw khtl;l';fspYk;
rkPgfhykhf mjpfstpy; fhzg]gLfpwJ. ,e;neha; ehd;F khj ehw;Wfs; xU ,iy kl;ilapypUe;J kw;w ,iykl;ilfSf;Fk;/ nkYk; kw;w Vida
Kjy; 60-70 taJila Kjph]e;j ku';fs; tiu jhf;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;nehapdhy; ku';fSf;Fk; vspjhf gut[fpd;wJ.
10-25 rjk; tiu fha; kfNy; ,Hg]g[ Vw;gLfpd;wJ.
Ma]t[
neha] mwpFwpfs; ,urhad g{rzf;bfhy;yp kUe]Jfis nth] \yk; brYj;jp
l ,e;neha; ,iy/ ,iykl;il kw;Wk; fha;fisf; Tl jhf;Fk;. ,iyf; f Ufy; nehia fl] L g] g Lj; J tjw; F z: l hd Ma] t [ f s;
l ed;F Kjph]e;j mokl;il ,iyfis Kjypy; jhf;fp gpd;g[ kw;w nfhk']fyk]g[J}h]/ fhpah";brl]oghisak]/ fk]ghyg]gl]o kw]Wk]
kl;ilfSf;F gut[fpd;wJ. Rg]ngft[z]ld]g[J}h] fpuhk']fspy; cs]s tptrha Muha]r]rpj] jply]fspy]
l ,iyfspy; Kjypy; k";rs; epw g[s;spfs; njhd;Wk;. gpd;g[ gy g[s;spfs; nkw; b fhs; s g] g l] l d. g{rzf; b fhy; y p kUe; J fshd oiuokhh] g ] /
xd;Wld; xd;W ,ize;J fUfp fhzg]gLk;. fhh]gd]lhrpk]/ bQf]rnfhdrhy; 2 rj mstpy] kuj]jpw]F 100 kpy]yp tPjk]
l neha; Kw;wpa epiyapy; ,iy Edp kw;Wk; Xu';fs; RU';fp gpd;g[ fUfp/ nthpy] brYj]jg]gl]ld. ,J nghy; tUlj]jpw]F \d]W Kiw \d]W khj
fPH;nehf;fp tise;J fhzg]gLk;. ,ilbtspapy] kUe]J brYj]jg]gl]ld. Muk]g epiyapy] cs]s nehapd]
l ,iyf; fUfy; nehahy; ,iyapd; gug]gst[ Fiwe;J xspr]nrh]f;ifj; mst[k]/ kUe]J brYj]jpa gpwF cs]s nehapd] mst[k] fz]fhzpf]fg]
jpwd; mjpf mstpy; Fiwf;fg]gLfpwJ. gl]ljpy]] bgtp!]od] 2 rjk] kUe]ij kuj]jpw]F 100 kpy]yp vd]w mstpy]
l fha;fspd; Edpg]gFjpfspy; gGg]g[ epw g[s;spfs; fhzg]gLk;. \d]W khj ,ilbtspapy] \d]W Kiw brYj]Jtjhy] ,iyf]fUfy] neha]
l ehsiltpy; g{rz tsh]r]rp fha;fspd; bgUk;gFjpia Mf;fpukpf;Fk;. ed]F fl]Lg]gl]lJld]] nj']fhapd] vz]zpf]ifa[k] mjpfg]gLj]jg]
l ghjpf;fg]gl;l fha;fs; RU';fp/ cUf;Fiye;J fhzg]gLk;. gl]oUe]jJ vd fz]lwpag]gl]lJ (ml;ltiz 1).
l g{rzk; gUg]g[f;Fs; gutp Kis NH;jiria (vz;nlh!;bgh;k;) Tl ml]ltiz 1 - ,iyf]fUfy] neha] nkyhz]ik
mGfr]bra;a[k.;
t. ruhrhpahf neha;
l ehw;Wfspd; tsh]r]rp Fd;wp/ ,iy cw]gj;jp Fiwe;J/ kfNYk; neha; fl;Lg]gLj;jg;gl;l
ghpnrhjid fl;Lg;gLj;jg]gl;l
Fiwe;J fhzg]gLk;. vz; mst[
mst[
l nehapd; jPtpuk; mjpfhpf;Fk;nghJ/ ,iyfs; KGtJk; fha;e;J fUfpa 1 oiuokhh]g] 2 % 14.1 12.6 11.1 11.6 12.3
njhw;wj;Jld; fhzg]gLk;. 2 bgtp!;od; 2 % 16.7 14.6 12.4 14.5 14.5

neha] gut[jYf]F rhjfkhd NH;epiyfs; 3 nQf;rnfhdrhy; 2 % 13.7 11.1 10.2 10.8 11.4
4 kUe;J brYj;jhjJ --- --- --- --- ---
,e;neha; tUlk; KGtJk; fhzg]gl;lhYk;/ nehapd; jhf;Fjy;

kyh] - 1 52 ,jH;; - 5 kyh] - 1 53 ,jH;; - 5

cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
xU';fpize;j neha] nkyhz;ik Kiwfs;
l neha; Kw;wpa ,iyfis btl;o vhpj;J tpLtjhy; neha; gut[tij
jLf;fyhk;.
l Nnlhnkhdh!; g[~urd;!; vd;w vjph] caphp ghf;Ohpak; 100 fpuhk; vd;w
mstpy; 50 fpnyh kf;fpa bjhG cuk; fye;J neha; jhf;fpa ku';fis
Rw;wp kz;zpy; ,l ntz;Lk;.
l ghpe;Jiuf;fg]gl;l ,urhad cu';fSld; tUlj;jpw;F 1.5 fpnyh
bghl;lh#; mjpfkhf xU kuj;jpw;F ,l ntz;Lk;.
l xU rj nghh]nlh fyitia 30 ehl;fs; ,ilbtspapy; ,uz;LKiw
bjspf;ft[k;.
(my;yJ)
l fhh]gd;lhrpk; (bgtp!;od;) ,uz;L fpuhk; kUe;ij 100 kpyp jz;zPhpy;
fye;J kuj;jpd; nth;\yk; brYj;j ntz;Lk;. ,k;kUe;ij \d;W
khj';fs; ,ilbtspapy; \d;W Kiw bjhlh]e;J brYj;j ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg]g[ : kUe;J fl;o 45 ehl;fSf;Fg] gpd;dnu fha;fis gwpf;f ntz;Lk;.
nghh]nlhf; fyit jahhpf;Fk; Kiw
xU fpnyh kapy; Jj;jj;ij 50 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; kz; (my;yJ)
gpsh!;of; ghj;jpuj;jpy; fiuf;ft[k;. kw;bwhU kz: (my;yJ) gpsh!;of;
ghj;jpuj;jpy; xU fpnyh Rz;zhk;ig 50 ypl;lh] jz;zPhpy; fiuf;ft[k;.
kapy;Jj;j fiuriy Rz;zhk;g[ fiurypy; Cw]wp xU Fr]rpapy; ed;F
fyf;ft[k;. ,Jnt nghh]nlh fyitahFk;. fhu mkpyj;jd;ikia
rhpghh]f;ft[k;. fhu mkpyj;jd;ik 7f;F Fiwthf ,Ug]gpd; nkYk;
Rz;zhk;g[ fiuriy nrh]f;ft[k;.
nkw;Twpa nkyhz;ik Kiwfis filg]gpog]gjhy; nehapd;
jhf;fk; FiwtJld; nj';fha; cw;gj;jpa[k; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
kyh] - 1 54 ,jH;; - 5
cHthpd: tsUk; ntshz:ik etk;gh] 2009
bjd;idapy; mjpf kfNy; bgw yhgfukhd cj;jpfs;
rh.Rnu#; kw;Wk; f.,iwtd;
ntshz;ik mwptpay; epiyak;/ ngr;rpg;ghiw
fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lk;
fd;dpahFkhp khtl;lj;jpy; bjd;id Rkhh] 24/000 vf;lh] gug]gstpy;
rhFgo bra;ag]gLfpwJ. ,k;khtl;lk; bjd;-nkw;F kw;Wk; tl-fpHf;F gUt
kiHfshy; gadiltjhy; bgUthhpahf bjd;id kuk; khdhthhpahfnt
tsh]f;fg]gLfpwJ. jw;nghJ fhy;eilfs; vz;zpf;if Fiwe;J tUtjhy;/
,aw;if cu';fs; bjd;id kuj;jpw;F ,LtJ Fiwe;J tUfpwJ.
khdhthhp bjd;id ku';fSf;F ghpe;jiuf;fg]gLk; ,urhad cu';fis
,LtJk; ,k;khtl;lj;jpy; kpft[k; Fiwt[. vdnt bjd;id ku';fs; tPhpak;
,He;J mjpfstpy; FUk;ig cjph]jy;/ xy;ypf;fha;/ njiuf;fha;/ kfNy;
,Hg]g[/ neha; kw;Wk; g{r]rpfs; jhf;FjYf;F cs;shfp tUfpd;wJ.
kz;tsj;ij bgUf;Ftjw;F/ njitahd ,aw;if cu';fs;
Fiwe;J tUtjhYk;/ nkYk; cldoahf ,He;j tsj;ij kz;zpy;
bgUf;FtJk; TlhjjpdhYk;/ bjd;id ku';fspd; kfNiy
mjpfhpg]gjw;fhf jkpH;ehL ntshz;ik gy;fiyf; fHfj;jpd; bjd;id
lhdpf;if nth;\yk; brYj;jp (200 kpy;yp / kuk;; +gha; 5.00) bjd;id
ku';fspd; tsh]r]rpiaa[k;/ kfNiya[k; mjpfhpf;f tptrhapfSf;F
bjhHpy;El;g gapw;rpa[k;/ Kd;epiy bray;tpsf;f';fSk; ntshz;ik
mwptpay; epiyak; \yk; elj;jg]gl;lJ. nkYk; kz; tsj;ij
mjpfhpg]gjw;fhf epyj;jpnyna gRe;jhs; cug] gaph]fis tsh;j;J kz;zpy;
,Lk; gapw;;rpa[k;/ Kd;epiy bray;tpsf;f';fSk; elj;jg]gl;lJ.
bjd;id xd;Wf;F 200 kpy;yp tPjk; lhdpf;if 4 Kjy; 5 khj
,ilbtspapy; nth] \ykhf tptrhapfs; j';fs; bjd;id ku';fSf;F
brYj;jpdh;. bjd;id lhdpf;fpy; 14 tif Cl;lr]rj;Jf;fs;; kw;Wk;
gaph]tsh]r]rp Cf;fpfSk; cs;sjhy;/ bjd;id kuk; tPhpak; mjpfhpj;J
kfNy; 10 Kjy; 55 rjtPjk; tiu mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. kuj;jpw;F 64 fha;fs;
/tUlk; vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J jw;nghJ 70 Kjy; 100 fha;fs;/tUlk; vd;wstpy;
mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. nkYk; njiuf;fha;fs;/ xy;ypf;fha;fs; Kw;wpYk; eP';fp
nj';fha;fspd; juKk;/ mst[k; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ. ,jdhy; ruhrhpahf 4
kyh] - 1 55 ,jH;; - 5