4.

1 WORK & ENERGY

Problems
SOLUTION: Units in fps;
13.1 A 400-kg satellite is placed in a circular orbit 6,394
km above the surface of the earth. At this elevation, the (a) the initial velocity is v=v 0 =140 ft / s .
acceleration of gravity is 4.09 m/s 2. Knowing that its 5.1
orbital speed is 20,000 km/h, determine the kinetic energy
of the satellite. T =
mv W v
= ⋅ =
(
2
1 16 ) ( 140 )
⋅
2
1
2
=97.0 ft ⋅lb .
1
SOLUTION:
2 g 2 32.2 2
2 (b) the velocity at maximum height is
m v 2 ( 400 ) kg (20,000 km/h) v=v 0 cos 40°=107.25 ft / s .
T= = ⋅¿ ¿
2 2 5.1
T =6,170,000,000 kg ⋅m2 /s 2. T 2=
2
mv 2 W v 1
= ⋅ =
2 ( )
16 ( 107.25 )2
⋅ =57.0 ft ⋅lb .
T =6,170,000 kN ⋅m 2 g 2 32.2 2

13.2 A 1-lb stone is dropped down the “bottomless pit” at Apply the principle of work and energy,
Carlsbad Caverns and strikes the ground with a speed of T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2 ⇒T 1−Wh=T 2.
95 ft/s. Neglecting air resistance, (a) determine the kinetic T −T 1 57−97
energy of the stone as it strikes the ground and the height h= 2 = =125.7 ft .
−W 5.1
h from which it was dropped. (b) Solve part a assuming
that the same stone is dropped down a hole on the moon.
−
16 ( )
(Acceleration of gravity on the moon = 5.31 ft/s2.) (c) From the figure above, the ball was hit 2 ft above the
SOLUTION: Units in fps; ground, therefore, the maximum height
h max = 127.7 ft + 2 ft = 129.7 ft.
(a) To find T 2∧h ;
13.4 A 500-kg communications satellite is in a circular
mv 21 m(0)2
T 1= = =0. geosynchronous orbit and completes one revolution about
2 2 the earth in 23 h and 56 min at an altitude of 35 800 km
above the surface of the earth. Knowing that the radius of
mv 22 W v 22 2
1 ( 95 ) the earth is 6370 km, determine the kinetic energy of the
T 2= = ⋅ = ⋅ =140.14 ft ⋅lb . satellite.
2 g 2 32.2 2
SOLUTION: Units are in mks;
Apply the work-energy equation, we have Radius of orbit: r = R + h = (6,370 + 35,800) km
T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2 ⇒ 0+Wh=T 2 . r = 42,170 km = 42,170,106 m.
T 2 140.14 t = 23 h + 56 min = 86,160 s
h= = ⇒ h=140.14 ft . 2 π (r + R) 2 π (42,170,106) m
W 1 v= = =3075.2 .
(b) At the moon, we have t 86,160 s
m v 22 2
m v 500(3075.2)
2

T2 v 22 ( 95 )
2 T= = =2,364,300 kJ .
2 2 2
h= = = = ⇒ h=850.0 ft .
W mg 2 g 2 ⋅32.2
13.5 In an ore-mixing operation, a bucket full of ore is
13.3 A baseball player hits a 5.1-oz baseball with an suspended from a traveling crane which moves along a
initial velocity of 140 ft/s at an angle of 40° with the stationary bridge. The bucket is to swing no more than 10
horizontal as shown. Determine (a) the kinetic energy of ft horizontally when the
the ball immediately after it is hit, (b) the kinetic energy crane is brought to a
of the ball when it reaches its maximum height, (c) the sudden stop. Determine
maximum height above the ground reached by the ball. the maximum allowable
speed v of the crane.
SOLUTION:
y= √ L2−d 2
h=L− y
h=L−√ L2−d 2
h=30− √ 302 −102
 h=1.716 ft . v 2B
gh A → B =
2

v 2B m
0+ ( 9.81 ) 150 sin 6 °= ⇒ v B=17.54 .
2 s

Apply the principle of work and energy,

T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2
T 1−Wh=T 2. Apply the principle of work and energy from A →C ,
T A +U A → C =T C
m v 21
−mgh=0. U A →C =T C −T A .
2
v=√ 2 gh=√ 2(32.2)(1.716)=10.5 fps. Wh A →C −F f d B →C =T C −T A
Wh A →C −µN cos 6° d B →C =0
13.6 In an ore-mixing operation, a bucket full of ore is mg sin 6 ° h A →C −µmg cos 6 ° d B → C =0
suspended from a traveling crane which moves along a
stationary bridge. The crane is traveling at a speed of 10 (170)sin6 ° −µ cos 6 ° (20)=0
ft/s when it is brought to a sudden stop. Determine the µ=0.9 .
maximum horizontal distance through which the bucket 13.9 A package is projected up a 15° incline at A with an
will swing. initial velocity of 8 m/s. Knowing that the coefficient of
SOLUTION: The units are in fps; we can reverse the kinetic friction between the package and the incline is
process in the previous problem, then 0.12, determine (a) the maximum distance d that the
Apply the principle of work and energy, package will move up the incline, (b) the velocity of the
T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2 package as it returns to its original position.
T 1−Wh=T 2.
m v 21
−mgh=0.
2
v2 (10)2
h= 1 = =1.55 ft .
2 g 2(32.2)
d= √ L2− y 2=√ L2 −(L−h)2
2 2
d= √30 −( 30−1.55 ) =9.5 ft .

13.8 A 2000-kg automobile starts from rest at point A on

a 6° incline and coasts through a distance of 150 m to SOLUTION: Units are in mks.
point B. The brakes are then applied, causing the (a) From the plane from A to B, Σ F x =0
automobile to come to a stop at point C, which is 20 m N−Wcos 15 °=0 ⇒ N =Wcos15 ° .
from B. Knowing that slipping is impending during the Apply the principle of work and energy from A → B ,
braking period and neglecting air resistance and rolling T A +U A → B =T B
resistance, determine (a) the speed of the automobile at 2
point B, (b) the coefficient of static friction between the mv A
−( W sin 15 °+ F f ) d=0.
tires and the road. 2
SOLUTION: The units are in mks, then apply the W v 2A
principle of work and energy from A → B , −( W sin15 ° + µk W cos 15° ) d =0.
T A +U A → B =T B 2g
(8)2
m v2B − ( sin 15° +(0.12)( cos 15 °) ) d=0.
0+ mgh A →B = 2(9.81)
2 d=8.7 m.
(b) From the plane from B to A,
 T B +U B → A =T A 22 12
d= − +¿ ¿
m v 2A 2(9.81) 2 ( 9.81 )
0−( W sin 15 °−F f ) d= .
2
13.15 A 1200-kg trailer is hitched to a 1400-kg car. The
W v 2A car and trailer are traveling at 72 km/h when the driver
0+ ( W sin15 °−µk Wcos15 ° ) d= .
2g applies the brakes on both the car and the trailer.
v 2A Knowing that the braking forces exerted on the car and
0+ ( sin15 ° −( 0.12 )( cos 15 ° ) ) ( 8.7)= . the trailer are 5000 N and 4000 N, respectively, determine
2(9.81) (a) the
v A =4 . 94 m/s . distance
traveled
13.11 Packages are thrown down an incline at A with a by the car
velocity of 1 m/s. The packages slide along the surface and
ABC to a conveyor belt which moves with a velocity of 2 trailer
m/s. Knowing that μk = 0.25 between the packages and before
the surface ABC, determine the distance d if the packages they
are to arrive at C with a velocity of 2 m/s. come to a stop, (b) the horizontal component of the force
exerted by the trailer hitch on the car.
SOLUTION: The units are in mks,
(a) Car and trailer system.
Apply the principle of work and energy from 1 →2,
T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2
2
(m C +m T ) v 1
−( FC + F T ) d=0
2
(2,600) 202
− ( 9,000 ) d=0
SOLUTION: Units are in mks, then 2
On incline AB: d=57.8m .
Σ F x =0
N AB−Wcos 30 °=0 ⇒ N =mg cos 30° . (b) Car considered separately. Let H be the horizontal
pushing force that the trailer exerts on the car through
Force of friction on AB, then
the hitch. Trailer hitch force on car:
F AB=µ k N AB .
Work from A to B,
mC v 21
T 1=
U A →B =( W sin 30 °−µk Wcos 30 ° ) d 2
T 1+U 1→ 2=T 2
U A →B =( sin 30 °−µk cos 30 ° ) mg d
2
On flat surface BC: (m C )v1
−( H −F C ) d=0
Σ F x =0 2
N BC −W =0⇒ N BC =W =mg . (1,400)20 2
d BC =7 m. − ( H −5,000 ) (57.8)=0
2
Force of friction on BC, then H=154 N .
F BC =µk N BC =µk mg .
Work from B to C, 13.22 The system shown is at rest when a constant 250-N
U B →C =−µ k W d BC . force is applied to block A. Neglecting the masses of the
Apply the principle of work and energy, pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and
T A +U A → B +U B → C =T C between block A and the horizontal surface, determine (a)
the velocity of block B after block A has moved 2 m, (b)
2
mv A mv 2C the tension in the cable.
+ ( sin 30° −µ k cos 30 ° ) mgd−µ k mg= .
2 2
solving for d,
v 2C v2A
− +µ d
2 g 2 g k BC
d=
( sin 30 °−µk cos 30 ° )
 13.32 A piston of mass m and cross-sectional area A is in
equilibrium under the pressure p at the center of a
cylinder closed at both ends. Assuming that the piston is
moved to the left a distance a/2 and released, and
knowing that the pressure on each side of the piston
varies inversely with the volume, determine the velocity
of the piston as it again reaches the center of the cylinder.
Neglect friction between the piston and the cylinder and
express your answer in terms of m, a, p,
and A.
13.23 The system shown is at rest when a constant 250-N
force is applied to block A. Neglecting the masses of the
pulleys and the effect of friction in the pulleys and
assuming that the coefficients of friction between block A
and the horizontal surface are μs = 0.25 and μk = 0.20,
determine (a) the velocity of block B after block A has
moved 2 m, (b) the tension in the cable.
13.26 A 3-kg block rests on top of a 2-kg block supported
by, but not attached to, a spring of constant 40 N/m. The
upper block is suddenly removed. Determine (a) the
maximum speed reached by the 2-kg block, (b) the
maximum height reached by the 2-kg block.

13.34 Two types of energy-absorbing fenders designed to

be used on a pier are statically loaded. The force-
deflection curve for each type of fender is given in the
graph. Determine the maximum deflection of each fender
when a 90-ton ship moving at 1 mi/h strikes the fender
and is brought to rest.

13.27 Solve Prob. 13.26, assuming that the 2-kg block is

attached to the spring.
13.29 A 7.5-lb collar is released from rest in the position
shown, slides down the inclined rod, and compresses the
spring. The direction of motion is reversed and the collar
slides up the rod. Knowing that the maximum deflection
of the spring is 5 in., determine (a) the coefficient
of kinetic friction between the collar and the rod, (b) the 13.37 Express the acceleration of gravity gh at an altitude
maximum speed of the collar. h above the surface of the earth in terms of the
acceleration of gravity g0 at the surface of the earth, the
altitude h, and the radius R of the earth. Determine the
percent error if the weight that an object has on the
surface of the earth is used as its weight at an altitude of
0.625 mi, (b) 625 mi.
13.38 A golf ball struck on earth rises to a maximum
height of 60 m and hits the ground 230 m away. How
high will the same golf ball travel on the moon if the
magnitude and direction of its velocity are the same as
they were on earth immediately after the ball was hit?
Assume that the ball is hit and lands at the same elevation
in both cases and that the effect of the atmosphere on the
earth is neglected, so that the trajectory in both cases is a
parabola. The acceleration of gravity on the moon is
0.165 times that on earth.

13.43 In Prob. 13.42, determine the range of values of h

for which the roller coaster will not leave the track at D or
E, knowing that the radius of curvature at E is ρ = 75 ft.
Assume no energy loss due to friction.
13.44 A small block slides at a speed v on a horizontal
surface. Knowing that h = 0.9 m, determine the required
speed of the block if it is to leave the cylindrical surface
BCD when θ = 30°.

13.39 The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v0 of

magnitude 5 m/s and swings in a vertical plane at the end
of a rope of length l = 2 m attached to a support at O.
Determine the angle θ at which the rope will break,
knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension equal
to twice the weight of the sphere.

13.45 A small block slides at a speed v 5 8 ft/s on a

horizontal surface at a height h = 3 ft above the ground.
Determine (a) the angle θ at which it will leave the
cylindrical surface BCD, (b) the distance x at which it will
hit the ground. Neglect friction and air resistance.
13.46 A chair-lift is designed to transport 1000 skiers per
hour from the base A to the summit B. The average mass
of a skier is 70 kg and the average speed of the lift is 75
m/min. Determine (a) the average power required, (b) the
required capacity of the motor if the mechanical
efficiency is 85 percent and if a 300-percent overload is
to be allowed.

13.40 The sphere at A is given a downward velocity v0

and swings in a vertical circle of radius l and center O.
Determine the smallest velocity v0 for which the sphere
will reach point B as it swings about point O (a) if AO is a
rope, (b) if AO is a slender rod of negligible mass.
13.41 A bag is gently pushed off the top of a wall at A
13.53 The fluid transmission of a 15-Mg truck allows the
and swings in a vertical plane at the end of a rope of
engine to deliver an essentially constant power of 50 kW
length l. Determine the angle θ for which the rope will
to the driving wheels. Determine the time required and
break, knowing that it can withstand a maximum tension
the distance traveled as the speed of the truck is increased
equal to twice the weight of the bag.
(a) from 36 km/h to 54 km/h, (b) from
54 km/h to 72 km/h.
13.54 The elevator E has a weight of 6600 lb when fully
loaded and is connected as shown to a counterweight W
of weight of 2200 lb. Determine the power in hp
delivered by the motor (a) when the elevator is moving
down at a constant speed of 1 ft/s, (b) when it has an
upward velocity of 1 ft/s and a deceleration of 0.18 ft/s2.