Shot Peening - Introduction

TANUJ DESHMUKH
Laboratoire de mécanique multi-échelles July,2019

1/Tanuj Deshmukh
 What is Shot Peening ?

● Shot peening is a cold working plastic deformation process used to induce compressive residual
stress on an object.

● This process is accomplished by bombarding the surface of a metallic component with shots at a
high velocity that induces a layer of plastic deformation near the surface.

● Experimental investigations show that shot peening is effective in enhancing fatigue resistance to
tensile, bending and torsion loads as well as to contact fatigue and stress corrosion. [References]

● Most common use of shot peening today is to prevent fatigue failure & increase fatigue life.

● Shot peening is similar to sandblasting, except that it operates by the mechanism of plasticity
rather than abrasion

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 Where it is used ?

Shot peening is a highly used industrial process for fatigue life improvement.

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY AVIATION INDUSTRY BIOMEDICAL

INDUSTRY
● Springs ● Compressor ● Bone Screws
● Connecting Rod ● Fan Cases ● Bone Plates
● Crankshafts ● Blades (peen forming ● Spinal Rods
● Camshafts for design)
● Gear teeths ● Shafts
● Weldings ● Hubs
● Stators
● Landing gears

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 Mechanism of Shot peening (For plastic deformation)
When the shot hits the material they tend to elastically stretch the material.
Once the contact between the shot and target has ceased, the elastically stressed region tends to
recover to the fully unloaded state, while the plastic deformation region sustains some permanent
deformation.
Due to these elasto-plastic deformations, the material is divided into two layers having residual
stress
The upper layer has compressive residual stress induced due to peening and the lower layer has
tensile stress.
Section A represents plastic deformation by shot peening while section B represents the region beneath
the plastic deformation.

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 How Compressive Stress improve fatigue ?

• Tensile residual stress often lead to rapid crack initiation and low cycle fatigue which
results in premature failure of engineering components.

• Whereas compressive residual stress tend delay the crack initiation and also tries to
shrink the pre existing crack(if any) thereby improving the fatigue life.

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 How Shot Peening Improve Fatigue Life ?

The mechanisms used in shot peening which improve fatigue life are :

1. The plastic deformation leads to a residual compressive stress field in the

peened surface, along with increased tensile stress through the
thickness.Compressive stresses retards the crack initiation and propagation.
The layer of compressive residual stress reduces the likelihood of premature
failure under cyclic loading conditions and therefore improves the fatigue life of
the peened component.

2. The peened surface microstructure becomes extremely distorted and gets

Strain hardened which makes the generation of crack tip plasticity difficult. Due
to increase of microstructural barriers, there is a significant reduction in crack
initiation & propagation.

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 Shot Peening Parameters

Shot peening is a complex process and is its final effect has been characterised
by a series of parameters. The study of different parameters involved in shot
peening applications is important in order to have a better understanding and
control of such process.

They can be broadly classified into 3 types as shown in the flowchart next

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Shot Peening Parameters

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 Effects of Shot Peening

The major effects of shot peening are :-

1. Compressive Residual stress induced

2. Increase in Fatigue Life

3. Change in the surface roughness

4. Microstructural Changes

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 Basic Aspects to Control Peening

The following are the basic parameters which can control a shot peening process

1. MEDIA : “What we throw during peening ?” is called media

2. INTENSITY : “How hard we throw the media ?” is called intensity

3. COVERAGE : “How much we throw / How long we throw ?” is called coverage

4. LOCATION : “Where we throw ?” to create the residual stress is called

location/masking

*All these aspects are explained in next presentations 10/Tanuj Deshmukh

 REFERENCES

1. NUMERICAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF SHOT PEENING AND STRESS PEEN

FORMING PROCESS Hong Yan Miao Département Génie Mécanique École
Polytechnique De Montréal Thèse Presenté En Vue De L, Hong DE Diplôme De
Philosophiae Doctor, Obtention DU.
2. OPTIMISATION OF THE SHOT PEENING PROCESS IN TERMS OF FATIGUE
RESISTANCE Solis Romero, Jose
3. H. WOHLFAHRT: in' Shot peening science/technology application' (ICSP3), (ed. H.
Wohlfahrt et al.), 563-584; 1987, DGM Informationsgesellschaft Verlag.
4. P. O'HARA: in 'Shot peening techniques and application', (ed. K. J. Maarch), 39-51;
1993, Cradley Heath, EMAS.
5. J. M. MOGUL: in 'Shot peening techniques and application', (ed. K. J. Maarch),
52-71; 1993, Cradley Heath, EMAS.

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