Running Head: SUSTAINABLE PROCUREMENT

Assessing the Impact of the Social Value Act and Sustainable Procurement on ‘Most
Economically Advantageous Tender’ (MEAT) Selection Criteria from a Main
Contractor Perspective-Report
[Name of Institute]
[Name of Student]
[Date]
 Sustainable Procurement 2

ABSTRACT
The "most economically advantageous tender," is characterized by EU procurement,
enables the public to rely on environmental issues, prices and other pricing rules.
The power of attorney does not determine at all how the environmental regulations
are to be drawn up. Granted, there may be different plans to assess the "greed" of
opposing offers, and this different environmental impact assessment may require
different estimates of the cheapest offers. This article reports on responsibility for
environmental measures through a contextual study on freight procurement, in which
the most cost-effective procurement is determined using an EU-recommended life
cycle assessment and an estimate of the environmental costs and compared with
the results. A closer look at the commitment to "green" streets has decided to buy.
 Sustainable Procurement 3

Table of Contents

Abstract.........................................................................................................................2
Introduction...................................................................................................................4
Objective.......................................................................................................................4
Sustainable Public Procurement..................................................................................5
Environment..................................................................................................................7
Society..........................................................................................................................7
Economy.......................................................................................................................8
Building Performance...................................................................................................8
Procurement Process...................................................................................................9
Forms Of Contract........................................................................................................9
Standard forms of contract.........................................................................................12
Low tenders.............................................................................................................12
Procurement Specifications........................................................................................13
Environmental and Social criteria...............................................................................14
Award Criteria.............................................................................................................15
Product Groups Differences.......................................................................................18
Auction Theory............................................................................................................20
First-price sealed-bid...............................................................................................20
Second-price sealed-bid..........................................................................................20
Winner’s curse’........................................................................................................20
Bid shopping’...........................................................................................................21
Discussion and Conclusions.......................................................................................21
References.................................................................................................................24
 Sustainable Procurement 4

Assessing the Impact of the Social Value Act and Sustainable Procurement on ‘Most
Economically Advantageous Tender’ (MEAT) Selection Criteria from a Main
Contractor Perspective-Report

Introduction
Bidders have a great opportunity to have unusual effects on changes and to
contribute to the sustainable development of the structural conditions. This guide is
intended to provide a practical overview of the choices and methods for acquiring
sustainable structures and building creativity and growing economies in countries.
The main focus is on tenants, the main focus is on public procurement in the
organization. Nevertheless, these ideas are important for both institutional and
private parties (Nadeem, et al., 2017). This guide covers a variety of procurement
technologies and processes, including new Integrated Enterprise Transmission (IPD)
plans and public and private procurement. As context studies show, these
procurement technologies offer incredible guarantees for the transport of sustainable
structures (Ježová, 2019). This guide refers to procurement at the organizational
level and therefore does not directly exclude guidelines on infrastructure such as
local interfaces (e.g. distributed life-saving framework conditions) and foundations,
including public vehicles, bicycles and a person on foot. a. However, many of these
comparable procurement models can be used in other ways, e.g. B. in terms of
planning, neighborhood or foundation (Manoliadis and Vatalis, 2016).

Objective
EU procurement contracts were relocated in 2014 to allow for the pronounced
application of standards in public procurement. In the meantime, high price
dependency and standard allocation standards had been catastrophic, restricted
progress and strengthened the temporary argument - none of them provide the best
answers to today's questions. EU Directive 2014/24 includes new procurement rules
(Article 67), and customers should now use the "cheapest offer" (MEAT). Despite the
fact that it is still possible to collect rewards based only on prices (Article 67 (2)), the
European Union of Consulting Engineers (EFCA) clearly suggests that customers
use MEAT - apply different rules or disregard price (Barnard, 2017). In any case, it is
usually not clear to set quality standards. These rules are intended to fill the void with
a description of the system to be used by contractors who signed the contract when
 Sustainable Procurement 5

creating the integrated procurement models. Underlined are five points that lead to
the ultimate goal of finding the cheapest offer in terms of quality and price (taking
into account certain aspects of the obligation) (Andrecka and Mitkidis, 2017). In the
procurement process, the contractor first selects a technical consultant or contractor
based on "selection rules".
It should be made clear that these rules are dealt with in the second phase of
the auction, which are subject to the high "award rules" that apply to companies and
not to actual organizations. The focus is on the selection of the "cheapest offer". The
appendix contains additional information on selection standards and prices. The
EU's experience with the use of quality standards in the procurement process varies
from country to country and needs to be explained. Some countries use "cheapest
buying" (BVP) to attract consultants or contractors. MEAT and BVP have similar
levels, but the latter is a completely unexpected way of dealing with governance
(Luttenberger and Luttenberger, 2017). BVP, which is just one point in the whole
process, can be considered a special use of MEAT.

Sustainable Public Procurement

Sustainable public procurement (SPP) is "the process that public
organizations address in terms of products, administration, work and tools in such a
way that they offer added value over the entire life cycle to create benefits, not only
for the organization but also for the community and the economy to reduce the
negative impact on the environment (Jabang¸ 2017). In some areas, SBA is also
known as environmentally friendly shopping, environmentally friendly shopping or
socially reliable shopping. In this report, we use "SBA" and "SP" as umbrella names
for these activities, as there are significant local and public sensitivities under such
conditions and not all organizations approve sustainable public procurement.
"Government procurement" is used in this report as a generic term for government
procurement, procurement and insurance. Sustainable procurement (SP) is not only
carried out by public experts, but a large number of private and private organizations
also use procurement processes to focus on governance, reduce the dangers of
their associations and support sustainability in their value chain (Manzone, et al.,
2019).
As part of their social and societal endeavors, and for the most part, small
customers have different needs when trying to solve the problems of their property,
 Sustainable Procurement 6

their government, and their work groups, and remember the need to meet the desire
for quality, value, and convenience during transportation. Maintenance-related
settings can be part of these desires, both to learn what is bought and who buys it.
Purchasing experts can take the lead in business by looking for increasingly
sustainable companies, governments, and projects (Marcarelli and Nappi, 2019).
The sustainable procurement of buildings and structures influences the management
system, the climate, advertising development, building tradition and access to assets
and data. The large selection of building types also places a clear focus on
purchasing. The companies contain incredible boundaries of boundaries,
vulnerabilities, or threats that conflict with new construction projects that are required
for construction and planning.
It is therefore expected that the methods presented will constantly adapt to
the conditions for an effective implementation. In April 2014, One Planet launched
the SPP program to support SP's public experts (Lindholm, et al., 2019). The United
Nations Environment Program (UN Environment), the ICLEI Local Sustainability
Council and the Korean Environment and Technology Agency (KEITI) are still
ongoing. In April 2015, One Planet Network also set up the Sustainable Building and
Building (SBC) program. The Finnish Ministry of the Environment, the Royal
Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) and the United Nations Environment
Program (UN Environment) are working together on the program (Bruno, et al.,
2018).
 Sustainable Procurement 7

Environment
Construction and buildings affect our condition in terms of the use of assets
(land, materials, energy, water, etc.) and emissions (ozone depleting materials,
particles, waste) and the impact on biodiversity (not examined in this guide).
However, the section can also make significant efforts to improve the soil by cleaning
contaminated areas and reusing its own waste streams and various sections.
Sustainable structures can mitigate and even reverse environmental problems,
mitigate changes in the environment and its difficulties, and improve flexibility (Di
Giuda, et al., 2020).

Society
The social components of governance include the well-being of the
population, equal access, safe working conditions and normal business practices -
both in construction and along the flexible chain. The government's social
components are clear and should be seen as a key element, and everything is the
same. Building can contribute to people's wellbeing, safety and comfort, but building
can offer employment and development opportunities to all people of all ages.
 Sustainable Procurement 8

Sustainable procurement of buildings and structures can offer high social value by
withdrawing neighborhood properties and restrictions (Fauske and Schrader, 2017).

Economy
Financial support means all support, honesty and the best value for money.
Effective building, building and operating sustainable structures requires “life cycle
thinking”. Lifecycle thinking extends the main point of the project from simple
planning and construction to thinking about the performance of a frame or material
during office hours. It also emphasizes the usability and versatility of structures due
to changing customer needs, as well as their meaningful operation and support
(Naoum and Egbu, 2016).

Building Performance
The performance of the house/building increases productivity during use and
impacts on the land, which includes the condition of the city and customers. The
performance of the structure used is critical in terms of what durable structures can
have. Some evidence of construction performance that directly affects customers is:
the quality of the interior (which affects the well-being and profitability of the tenant),
openness, security, versatility and ease of use (Wondimu, et al., 2018). As a network
of frameworks and structures, the organization is complex to adapt, build and
maintain, as owners, customers and networks integrate over time with their needs
and preferences. The changing socio-economy and the increased demand for land
support further complicate the energy efficiency of the project with the desired life
cycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
Over the years, the building component has focused on limiting the cost of
building structures to a satisfactory value (primarily determined by welfare and
security experts), rather than increasing the value of the structure over its life,
increasing the performance of The Building would improve in relation to the total cost
of living and the impact. for the environment (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). This leaves
no room for improvement if the customer's action plan is to move "a similar item" at
the lowest cost.
 Sustainable Procurement 9

Procurement Process
The buying process, especially for regularly used transport frames, is often
managed by public owners in certain departments. These requirements are
implemented according to separate procedures for public and private parties. The
offers are requested as part of the main methodology and are subject to selected
procurement procedures and transport frameworks. The offers are then assessed
and awarded, provided they are characterized. Reputable offers (frequent use of
open, special, accepted or serious discussion methods) must be standardized for
public procurement. The project-related documentation should include the
information and status of the contract as well as the specifications of the bidders (if
available), bidder selection models, bid evaluation measures, pre-announced
procurement and whether the standards have strengthened the objectives of the
additional objectives. or contain non-financial rules. each other and prices outweigh
to make the cheapest bid (Bruno, et al., 2018).

Forms Of Contract
The owner of the project choose the type of contracts they use for
transportation engineering with efficient contractors, as well as construction is an
important area (according to government criteria that must be bought at the expense
of public owners) (Staropoli and Steiner, 2016). The entrepreneurship method also
offers open doors to pack multiple projects into one contract (for example, since this
will likely translate to efficiency at the bachelor level) and break projects into small
bundles (for example, if only a few options are available) Contractor). for the transfer
of the project and in addition to support smaller transport organizations). The general
benefits of packaging or breakdowns to improve commitments have not been
assessed. With regard to public procurement, the recital is appropriate and the
selection criteria (Manoliadis and Vatalis, 2016). The type of contract selected must
be relevant to the project (taking into account the project concept, the risk profile and
the estimated time of the transfer) and the selected transport framework. In some
areas, the guidelines limit the types of contracts that public owners can use for any
type of transportation, particularly for shared plans (Ježová, 2019). Occasionally,
incredible consideration is required. Successful contracts are often seen as viable
purchase options.
 Sustainable Procurement 10

As in the United Kingdom, the reimbursement methods specified in the offer

documents cannot be changed to performance-related rates after the auction by
adjusting the contract. Contracts generally have a limited scope, which contradicts
the legal system and comparable instruments, particularly in the area of
sustainability (Barnard, 2017). In any case, they do a lot of work when buying
sustainable construction because they also influence the project system, the choice
made during the tendering process and the result of the tender. Perspectives are
separated in terms of the value of construction contracts, especially for medium-
sized companies (Andrecka and Mitkidis, 2017). Despite generally accepted views,
the motivation behind the agreement is not only to involve the parties in terms of
time, cost and workload, but also to impose obligations on unexpected opportunities
to reduce the risk of discussion. An important agreement that addresses a variety of
issues that take little value or diversity of building into account meets these
standards for larger civil engineering and underlying projects, especially when the
records are extensive (Luttenberger and Luttenberger, 2017). In any case, the
contract should:
• Ensuring excellent, intelligent results by setting performance and quality standards
and an appropriate distribution of risk between the parties;
• Encourage a contractor or team to build structures for work;
• promoting community-oriented work;
• Get good value for money wherever possible. It is important to meet management
requirements. For example, US office regulations fear that the outcome of the
procurement process may be affected if the support criteria are not applied
contractually (Jabang¸ 2017).
 Sustainable Procurement 11

Private parties are generally not limited to what business contracts should
remember. In any case, this does not mean that agreements are made under the
law. The performance strongly depends on how the conditions relate to the content
of the contract. Essentials must provide a direct quantity, a clear quality or
production plan, each of which can be objectively assessed with a commitment or
emphasis, and with significant contract strength, provided someone cannot meet the
obligation or fail to achieve the goal. Without these statements, there is a risk that
ambiguous or incomplete features of a decision or obligation cannot be legalized,
since legal action can do something different than expected (Barnard, 2017). The
parties are reluctant to conclude contracts because the reason for the required
conclusion is unclear. Building studies undoubtedly show overwhelming support for
the principle that loneliness, when a given opportunity is possible, can measurably
set goals as legally enforceable and subject to sanctions if they exist (Ježová, 2019).
It is concluded that management agreements appear to be largely specific needs or
general contractual obligations to agree performance criteria directly and precisely,
preferably to support document contracts rather than contractual terms (Manoliadis
and Vatalis, 2016).
Several governments, particularly the EU, have had similar results through
public procurement. EU contractors can now consider providing administrative
 Sustainable Procurement 12

options and specifications for all types of construction contracts if they are linked to
the current worksheet at all times. It is now possible to set a concentrated application
plan, environmental concession contracts, and public contracts with direct tax costs,
as well as external environmental costs that depend on factors such as carbon
sequestration and events (Bruno, et al., 2018). These factors must be derived from
"undeniable and undeniable models that are available to any invested individual ...
who can normally provide diligent money managers with reasonable effort". probably
tested in court. Options as opposed to measurement-based measures are models
that are derived from building standards, accreditation frameworks and markings that
have been proposed by both public and private structures and foundation
departments. This is not a standard or the goal of market performance, but only
suggestions for its use: an important sensitivity to contract data must be taken into
account; The rules must be linked to the set goals (Fauske and Schrader, 2017).

Standard forms of contract

The most suitable type of contract to formulate the planning between the
entrepreneur and the carrier can be a traditional turnkey structure, a standardized
structure or a contractual agreement that has been drawn up for a specific project.
Private agreements raise concerns about the possibility of incentives to fill the
administrative gap left by the government to ignore the best government deal. Given
the risk of a valid application, private parties often rely on numerous standard
contracts that largely predict how courts will apply the contracts. Government experts
often receive these structures, especially for construction projects that are reported
worldwide (Wondimu, et al., 2018).

Low tenders
This is an area where CA is causing some problems. Before CA decides what
it considers "unusually low bids", it must first determine what it considers
"anonymous low bids" in all bids! The supervisory authority must first explain to the
bidder why his offer is so small and whether there are certain conditions that can
make the low offer understandable, e.g. an original special agreement or special
conditions that enable to supply a supplier on favorable terms (Wondimu, et al.,
2018). Given the legitimacy given by the bidder, CA must decide to reject or accept
 Sustainable Procurement 13

bids. It is the CA's responsibility to request the legality of an exceptionally low offer
regardless of the offer, and not only if the offer is rejected.
This must always be done in the phase of the procurement contract. An
investigation should be launched: "What will we do if we get at least one
exceptionally low bid?" Exceptionally low bids may include detailed defects or
unusual liability for the estimated total value of the contract. Reality could prove that
the bidder misjudged the cutlery or that the cutlery was taken seriously (and is
therefore available for misuse after the contract is signed) (Bruno, et al., 2018).

Procurement Specifications
The decision is an important procurement report that says procurement must
resist this. For this reason, he selects a good bidder and concludes a contract that
specifies what an effective bidder should transfer. The final evaluation and how to
use it in this way is an important point in the procurement process and it is important
that those who invest in it have important information, powers and experience (Di
Giuda, et al., 2020). Closing details are usually an important element in the
participation survey. The reason for this is to provide direct providers with a clear,
accurate and complete picture of the needs of the Icelandic Civil Aviation Authority
and to enable them in accordance with them to provide answers to these problems.
Depending on the variety, this detail can be created by a person or group within the
CA organization or by external experts. Except for the most common cases, those
who prepare the details should collect data from different partners and partners,
including cases from previous comparative information (Staropoli and Steiner, 2016).
Details are prepared for direct purchase before the contract notice (OJ) is
published. With procurement becoming more and more complex, the announcement
of the commercial property makes a decision for a point in the planning of a business
case. In an emergency, the approved method or serious rhetoric that occurs when
the company is founded is sought. The scripts are refined regularly (Marcarelli and
Nappi, 2019). The conditions for a higher level have been improved so that they
provide the service providers with important information in order to understand what
is required and to take appropriate measures. The need can be improved by talking
to service providers in the context of statistical surveys or by selecting the provider
levels (Staropoli and Steiner, 2016). This can be especially important if you are
thinking about imaginative arrangements. This process should be carefully managed
 Sustainable Procurement 14

and should ensure a reliable level of treatment among potential service providers
and avoid accusations of inclination (often provocative objections). In particular, it
should not contain any language that indicates the restrictive programs or elements
mentioned (Manzone, et al., 2019).
It also includes a resource for service providers to understand the installation
and support terms. The choice of support materials can be significant, and the ease
of copying and deploying a subsequent service provider can lead to ambiguity. For
extremely complex purchases, the source material may be available on another CD
or may actually be available in the "Information Area". The decision must be made
before service providers are awarded. Think about who is generally good at making
decisions to ensure that they are complete and accurate, and who should be
involved in evaluating their response (Ježová, 2019).

Environmental and Social criteria

When awarding contracts with the cheapest procurement, the price models
used in the evaluation can include ecological, social and different perspectives, since
there is a clear connection with the content of the contract and these are
economically profitable from the perspective of the client. Shift. Consider analyzing
suitable environmental measurements. When evaluating offers, those who collect the
best environmental regulations are evaluated in a similar way during the evaluation
process (Bruno, et al., 2018). In addition, consideration could be given to tolerating
offers for variants that allow bidders to offer innovative, environmentally friendly
offers that are evaluated based on the measures provided. If a specific
environmental standard is used, bidders must contribute to the selection standard in
order to convince the contracting authority that their selection standard is
comparable and specified in the tender documents. Due to social models, these
decisions are a little more difficult to make (Fauske and Schrader, 2017).
For example, if there is willingness to help using a job without a job, it would
be well known what competition would use a job without a job, not just those who
use a job nearby. After that, the reason for the social base should be to help
categorize people, not within a given range (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). For example,
an environmental protection company might be interested in planting trees to reduce
the impact of CO2 emissions. If the tender is available for sorting paper supplies
(towel for towel, bucket, etc.), the condition is that the items are made of durable
 Sustainable Procurement 15

wooden surfaces. However, when purchasing systems for synthetic detergents and
equipment, identification measures with the support of sustainable plants would not
be appropriate since they are not identified by the parts covered by the tender (Di
Giuda, et al., 2020).
The measures set out in this way should be characterized in such a way that
tenderers understand what is required and that they can receive the contract. The
eco-label and the principles of the creation process can be used regardless of the
bids that bidders can agree on by showing the bidder a comparison. In addition, it is
important that the criteria behind the eco-label or possibly a standardized creative
process are detailed and not just a reference to the name itself. The needs of the
brand should only apply to actions related to the content of the contract that are
suitable, neutral , neutral, accessible to everyone and over which the service
provider has no influence (Marcarelli and Nappi, 2019).

Award Criteria
Contracts secured by EU mandates should be concluded on the basis of the
"lowest price" and the "most economic advantage". A survey of 180 callouts showed
that 90% (162 callouts) were based on the overall advantageous advantages and
only 10% were selected depending on the price. The prices were the same in the
three countries examined. When public buyers bid as stated under the most
favorable assumption, they must determine which models have the best usability,
e.g. The best money and these measures must be communicated in advance so that
the competitor can comply with these rules (Wondimu, et al., 2018).
The "economically viable" offer can include inexpensive, ecological and social
criteria. Nevertheless, only the models are listed in the committees, that is. Date of
relocation or maximization, operating costs, cost efficiency, quality, clean and useful
functions, environmental factors, special legitimacy, work-related management and
specialized support, partial responsibility, flexibility and pricing. Another thing is that
the negotiators are not tied to the models listed in the order (Lindholm, et al., 2019).
Parts of the "most economically advantageous" auction listed fall into five main
categories after careful examination, including 1) total price, 2) conceptual
orientation, 3) problems identified by the transfer, 4) environmental and 5) social and
ethical considerations (Fauske and Schrader, 2017). The table also shows how
many offers contain certain items of the general supervisory advantage. It is clear
 Sustainable Procurement 16

that the apparent price was an integral part of the "economically most advantageous"
offer, with the aim that the price was classified as part of an overall benefit at every
auction. In addition, approximately 33% of the auction is lowest for all costs except
life cycle costs except for base prices.
Not all auction lifecycle costs are tracked, but some parts of it. In all
countries, the most common costs are start-up costs, implementation and
maintenance costs, and training and administration costs (Staropoli and Steiner,
2016). In addition, the term "financial productivity" or "profitability" has been
mentioned in a large number of auctions as part of the total price, but it has not yet
been explained what exactly this term means. These different components were
used most frequently in Denmark, with 23 of the 60 auctions being the most
important part of the price component, including the components for the lifetime cost.
In Finland, 18 out of 60 tenders were evaluated to characterize the full price based
on the lifetime cost, although in the United Kingdom 14 the tender amount was part
of the life cycle cost regardless of the base price. Conceptual factors were another
fixed factor in the "economically advantageous offer" (Ježová, 2019). Almost all
(97.5%) auctions that were the prerequisite for the cheapest combination consisted
of "conceptual elements".
The quality factor is explained in detail and in most cases "quality" means the
following: a) specialized performance, e.g. Ergonomics, toughness, specialized
support, management, savings on properties and b) efficiency, e.g. The ability of
providers, recommendations, assurance, quality control, idea of the subject of
management and fairness in use and the current framework of the customer. Some
of these subjective components can also relate to the biological properties of the
object, and therefore the environmental satisfaction of the object can also be viewed
as a subjective element (Ježová, 2019). The terms of carriage and other matters
related to the agreement spoke of an essential part of the offer as "least expensive".
In more than half (52.5%) of the registrations, which are characterized by a generally
conservative superiority, the conditions of carriage were registered as given. The
most well-known factor was the transit time, the unmistakable quality of the transport
and the repayment conditions (Manzone, et al., 2019).
In 27.8% of the offers, which were selected on the basis of generally favorable
advantages, environmental issues were regarded as part of the overall provision.
The highest methane was in the UK, where 31.5% (17/54) of the auctions were
 Sustainable Procurement 17

environmental considerations as recognition standards. This was 27.3% (15/55) in

Denmark and 24.5% (13/53) in Finland. The takeover offer generally included
considerations of environmental protection as well as environmental regulations and
framework conditions for environmental management (Luttenberger and
Luttenberger, 2017). In addition, a pricing model called "government" or
"environmental impact" is regularly introduced. The importance of this view was not
that it might have been characterized, and therefore it is risky to meet or review and
use the prices when choosing.
Other environmental considerations that are used as allocation rules include
requirements for compliance with measures related to ecological names, materials,
reuse or reuse framework, material connection and acceleration (Ježová, 2019). In
15.4% of the offers, which were selected on the basis of generally favorable
advantages, social questions were classified as "economically advantageous". In the
UK and Denmark there were 10 social problems in public procurement, such as
working conditions, customer security and the production of new openings. In the
UK, social issues were seen as five standards of recognition (Nadeem, et al., 2017).
Product Groups Differences
Cost-effective delivery and component weight measures are usually based on
material or management. For groups such as educational or advisory governments,
welfare and social organizations, and many information-related governments such as
programming, there are clearly no outstanding environmental rules that reflect the
small number of environmental standards cited in these studies as an example.
Environmental allocation rules are increasingly being introduced in a variety of areas,
such as: Transport management, vehicles, paper products, cleaning companies,
office equipment and furniture, construction work and complex objects (Marcarelli
and Nappi, 2019). Since the concept of environmental attributes in government
differs from point to point, we consider the impact of all omitted examples (NE = 162)
of tenders that deal with heaps of problems that are likely to be environmental
concerns, namely. "Possibly green" collects objects (NG = 123).
We are now seeing that the environmental standard in 36.6% of the auctions
is one of the components of the economically most advantageous auction (MEAT),
but in the general example it is 27.8% (Lindholm, et al., 2019). The effects were
somewhat similar for each country. In Finland, environmental considerations were
seen as a single award model in 33.3% of bids, while the figure was 24.5% if the
 Sustainable Procurement 18

effects of contrast between groups of individuals were not taken into account. In
Sweden, environmental measures at "potential green" tournaments rose from 31.5%
to 39.5%. In Denmark, overheating ranged from 27.3% to 36.6% (Bruno, et al.,
2018). The picture also shows that social and ethical issues are becoming
increasingly important for comparable groups of people. The figure also seems to
indicate that the selection of an object stack increases the weight of the transport
conditions (Fauske and Schrader, 2017). However, a critical look at a nationwide
assessment shows that this expansion is mainly due to the material.
 Sustainable Procurement 19

Auction Theory
The auction theory describes the auction plan and how it affects the bidding
process of the parties participating in the auction. There are auctions in which
several parties compete for the opportunity to buy products or to work under
construction for tenders (Naoum and Egbu, 2016).

First-price sealed-bid
Bidders submit bids to the auctioneer. After opening, the best bid (highest or
lowest) wins.

Second-price sealed-bid
Bidders submit bids to the auctioneer. At the time of opening, the most
suitable offer works and pays the equivalent of the otherwise appropriately
determined offer.

Winner’s curse’
The composition of the auctions theory, which can affect the construction
work, is the "master movement". Here the bidder wins the auction with an unusually
low bid that could potentially bring satisfactory benefits. In any case, it is imperative
that the procurement procedures support the greatest reduction in procurement.
 Sustainable Procurement 20

However, the construction work is not intentionally carried out on site, as several
factors are an essential part (Lindholm, et al., 2019). The current relationship
between the manager and the bidder can leave little freedom for new bidders. It is
also possible to set up the company to select higher offers for higher quality and
unsubstantiated quality. It is also important for the company that the bidder does not
submit to the "rebellion of the winner", since the project is likely to have a negative
impact if the bidder tries to provide services, reduce costs or even go bankrupt
(Staropoli and Steiner, 2016).

Bid shopping’
Construction has gained enormous importance in the past due to the first
auction. This is known as a "purchase offer". It is suggested to close the bid since
the bidders only know their bids and not their opponents' bids. Aside from what could
happen, the contract reveals bids from bidders to their opponents who are trying to
lower their bids. This changes the auction structure in a larger part of the English
auction and puts bidders in search of the contract. One way to maintain the strategic
distance to this building is to keep bidders open to begin with, hoping that their offers
will not become basic information for competitors (Fauske and Schrader, 2017).

Discussion and Conclusions

A survey of 180 phone calls from Finland, Sweden, the United Kingdom and
Denmark found that 90% of purchasing power is based on the most advantageous
advantage, so a similar perspective influences the last price rather than the price. a
system in which the buyer, if possible, remembers different views of the allocation
process, taking into account the conditions for the relevant models in EU mandates
No. 2004/17 / EG and No. 2004/18 / EG (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). The components
are essentially five main characteristics of price, quality, transportation conditions,
environment and social factors. It is clear that the price segment was listed in every
single offer, followed by quality factors and transport conditions. During the
competition, the conditions of carriage are required as part of the price selection.
Almost 33% of the auctions had an environmental angle as a parameter in the
selection process and 15% of the auctions examined the opinion of the community
(Bruno, et al., 2018). Access to the environment or possibly a framework for
environmental management was one of the most frequently presented offers in the
 Sustainable Procurement 21

region. In addition, the price base, which is referred to as "status" or "environmental

impact", is regularly presented.
The importance of this position was not how much it was characterized, and
so it is risky to satisfy or confirm and use it when choosing prices. Other
environmental angles used as recognition standards include criteria for compliance
with environmental certification standards, synthetic materials, reuse or reuse of
frames, material binding and noise (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). The use of landscape
or environmental management frameworks, in which assignment standards may
conflict with procurement orders, according to which these perspectives have
occurred instead of assignment rules for selected models. They are listed in the
selection rules and are mandatory. However, the authorities are aware that EMAS
(Environmental Commission and Conspiracy Review, EC Regulation EG 761/2001)
can be complied with to confirm that organizations can demonstrate their specific
limitations (Di Giuda, et al., 2020) .
The requirements for the most effective rules for comfort and environmental
protection differ significantly between groups of objects, i. H. Some groups have
appropriate models from others. Environmental approval models existed in more
than half of the competing bidding groups for items such as "traffic management",
"paper components", "ready-to-use compositions and cooking products" and
"cleaning agents". In the Scandinavian study Kippo-Edlund et al. (2005) took the use
of environmental models in foods such as food and beverages, various types of pulp
and paper materials, office and processing equipment and devices, repairs,
maintenance and facilities as a matter of course and refuses to support them. Study
conclude that it is imperative to spread these great practices and measures among
these people. At the same time, certain administrations may lack suitable standards,
so that no measures were introduced in the Scandinavian study, e.g. For executives
to protect and finance pensions.
However, the fact that more than 33% of the product and administration
offerings include green measures for green groups does not apply to the whole story.
Simplified means that environmental aspects are taken into account during the
award phase, but does not show how much weight is given to this selection. In this
way, we need an evaluation of the weighting and evaluation of the various
components at an affordable price. Although the EU procurement directive
suggested that the road be weighed, this was not the case for every auction
 Sustainable Procurement 22

(Lindholm, et al., 2019). In the Denmark, 48 of the 55 projects weighed, but in the
United Kingdom and Sweden the proportion was far lower. Because of the unclear
weight and pedaling, the body can buy many options at a selection level. For
example, you can conclude that the severity of the environmental problems is
between 5 and 20% or that the underlying price is the most important and that
various aspects of conservative benefits are of little importance (Fauske and
Schrader, 2017).
This way, it can be difficult to check in advance whether the "green elements"
are really important when choosing the auction if the auction does not include weight
and score. Since the standard load of the environmental models was 3.3%, it can be
said that the load is generally low. This means that a thing / management that is
inherently solid and gets a "green" focus at the allocation level can be 3.4% 3 more
expensive (Naoum and Egbu, 2016). At regular meetings with environmentally
friendly products, the prices spoke about half of the overall low costs and then about
quality relationships (37%) and transport conditions (7%). Overall, environmental
perspectives accounted for 3.3% protection, while social perspectives accounted for
1.7%. Nevertheless, there was contrast between the countries, so the total price was
clearly an important part of the Finnish prices, but at Swedish and British auctions
the questions of quality and prices were considered almost the same.
In addition, the usual environmental burden of allocation was 4.6% in
Sweden and 3.7% in Denmark, although the weight was 1.5% in Finland (Lindholm,
et al., 2019). It is acceptable to consider that retailers also make some other
selections that take environmental considerations into account in the buying process.
Environmental aspects can be further harmonized in the procurement process with
regard to the contract content, the description of special specifications, selection
measures and contract clauses. The existence and weight of reward models
therefore not only determine the green age of the contract, although important
information about it is provided. In a survey by Kippo-Edlund et al. (2005) contained
58% of UK auctions, but only 36% took environmental action. The environmental
models are discussed in more detail in the selection models (36% tenders), the
special specifications (39%) and the contractual provisions (12%) (Marcarelli and
Nappi, 2019).
 Sustainable Procurement 23

References

Andrecka, M. and Mitkidis, K.P., 2017. Sustainability Requirements in EU Public and

Private Procurement-A Right or an Obligation. NJCL, p.55.
Barnard, C., 2017. To boldly go: Social clauses in public procurement. Industrial Law
Journal, 46(2), pp.208-244.
Bruno, T., Gelderman, C.J., Lambrechts, W. and Semeijn, J., 2018. The promise of
Best Value Procurement: Governance and (in) stability of specifications within
an innovative biogas project. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, pp.1465-
1475.
Di Giuda, G.M., Giana, P.E., Paleari, F., Schievano, M., Seghezzi, E. and Villa, V.,
2020. A BIM-Based Process from Building Design to Construction: A Case
Study, the School of Melzo. In Buildings for Education (pp. 163-173).
Springer, Cham.\
Fauske, K.R. and Schrader, J., 2017. Green public procurement practices in
Norway: the application of environmental criteria and the use of scoring rules
in Norwegian road transport tenders (Master's thesis).
Jabang, S.W., 2017. An investigation into the use of public procurement and
commissioning to deliver community (societal) value (Doctoral dissertation,
University of Birmingham).
Ježová, D., 2019. Public Procurement in the View of the Court of Justice of the
European Union Decisions. Court of Justice, Public Procurement, Preliminary
rulings, Case Law (2019).
Lindholm, A., Korhonen, T., Laine, T. and Suomala, P., 2019. Engaging the
economic facts and valuations underlying value for money in public
procurement. Public Money & Management, 39(3), pp.216-223.
Luttenberger, A. and Luttenberger, L.R., 2017. Sustainable procurement and
environmental life-cycle costing in maritime transport. WMU Journal of
Maritime Affairs, 16(2), pp.219-231.
Manoliadis, O.G. and Vatalis, K.I., 2016. Sustainability Criteria for Awarding
Construction Contracts in Greece. International Journal of Sustainability
Management and Information Technologies, 2(2), p.7.
Manzone, F., Rebaudengo, M. and Zaccaro, V.L., 2019. The Italian Response to
Sustainability in Built Environment: The Match between Law and Technical
 Sustainable Procurement 24

Assessment. In Third International Congress on Information and

Communication Technology (pp. 527-537). Springer, Singapore.
Marcarelli, G. and Nappi, A., 2019. Multicriteria approach to select the most
economically advantageous tender. Journal of Public Procurement.
Nadeem, S., Mohamad, M.H.B. and Nik Ab Halim, B.N., 2017. Sustainable
procurement behavior: a case of government departments. Journal of
Economic & Management Perspectives, 11(1), pp.402-416.
Naoum, S.G. and Egbu, C., 2016. Modern selection criteria for procurement methods
in construction. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Schebesta, H., 2018. Revision of the EU Green Public Procurement Criteria for Food
Procurement and Catering Services–Certification Schemes as the Main
Determinant for Public Sustainable Food Purchases?. European Journal of
Risk Regulation, 9(2), pp.316-328.
Staropoli, C. and Steiner, M., 2016. Green Public Procurement (No. halshs-
01196278). HAL.
Wondimu, P.A., Lohne, J. and Lædre, O., 2018. Competitive Dialogue in Norwegian
Public Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management, 144(10), p.05018011.