Basic Electrical Engineering

Lecture 2

Engr. Muhammad Faris

Department of Biomedical Engineering
FEST
Hamdard University
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits 5th ed 1
Charles K. Alexander | Matthew N. O. Sadiku
 Topics cover

• Nodes, Branches, and Loops

• Series Resistors and Voltage Division

• Parallel Resistors and Current Division

• Wye-Delta Transformations

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 Nodes, Branches, and Loops

Branch: A branch represents a single element such as a voltage source or a

resistor.
Node: A node is the point of connection between two or more branches.

Loop: A loop is any closed path in a circuit.

Relationship between Branches, Nodes and Loop

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Nodes, Branches, and Loops-Numerical

Branches=4
Loops=2

n =b – l + 1
n=4–2+1
n=3

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 Series Resistors and Voltage Division

Resistors in series behave as a single resistor whose resistance is equal to the sum
of the resistances of the individual resistors.

Equivalent Resistance: The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors

connected in series is the sum of the individual resistances.

For N no of resistance Individual resistance’s voltage

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 Parallel Resistors and Current Division

In Parallel combinations, all resistances are connected from the same nodes

Equivalent Resistance: The equivalent resistance of two parallel resistors is equal

to the product of their resistances divided by their sum.

For N no of resistance Individual resistance’s current

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This formula is used only for two parallel resistances
Series and Parallel Combination - Numerical

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Series and Parallel Combination – Home Assignment

Practice Problem 2.9

Example 2.10
Practice Problem 2.10

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 Wye-Delta Transformations

Wye-Delta or Delta-Wye transformation is used when resistance are not present in

series or not in parallel form.

Delta Wye

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 Wye-Delta Transformations

Wye to Delta Conversion Delta to Wye Conversion

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Wye-Delta Transformations-Numercial

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 Wye-Delta Transformations-Home Assignment

Wye-Delta Theory and Derivation – Reading Assignment

Numerical:
Example 2.14
Practice Problem 2.14
Practice Problem 2.15

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Thank you

Q&A

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