DEKG 2113

PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC AND

ELECTRONICS

CHAPTER 2
Basic Laws

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Chapter 2: Basic Laws
 In this chapter, we will cover:
 2.1 DC Sources
 2.2 Ohm’s Law
 2.3 Resistor
 2.4 Capacitor
 2.5 Inductor
 2.6 Nodes, Branch and Loop
 2.7 Kirchhoff's Law
 2.8 Series Circuits
 2.9 Parallel Circuits
 2.10 Series-parallel Circuits
 2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation
 2.12 Current and Voltage Divider
 2.13 Nodal Analysis
 2.14 Mesh Analysis

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2.8 Series Circuits

 Series: Two or more elements are in series if they are cascaded or

connected sequentially and consequently carry the same current.
 The equivalent resistance of any number of resistors connected in a
series is the sum of the individual resistances.

𝑖1=𝑖 2=𝑖

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2.9 Parallel Circuits
 Parallel: Two or more elements are in parallel if they are connected to the
same two nodes and consequently have the same voltage across them.
 The equivalent resistance of a circuit with N resistors in parallel is:

𝑣 1=𝑣2 =𝑣

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2.10 Series-Parallel Circuits

EXAMPLE
Find Req for the circuit shown in the following figure

Answer:
14.4 ohm

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2.10 Series-Parallel Circuits
PRACTISE PROBLEM
By combining the resistors in the following fig, find Req.

Answer:
6 ohm

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2.10 Series-Parallel Circuits

EXAMPLE 2.10
Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab in the following circuit:

Answer:
11.2 ohm

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2.10 Series-Parallel Circuits

PRACTICE PROBLEM 2.10

Calculate the equivalent resistance Rab in the following circuit:

Answer:
11 ohm

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

 Some resistors are combined neither in series nor parallel. For

example,

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

 These type of connection can be simplified by using three-

terminal equivalent network.

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

 The wye (Y) / tee (T) network and the delta (Δ) / pi (π).

 The wye network can be converted into the delta network and vice versa.

 This conversion will simplify the circuit analysis.

 Note: This conversion did not take anything out of the circuit or put in
anything new.

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation
 Delta-Wye conversion:

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation
 Wye-Delta conversion:

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

EXAMPLE

1) Convert the delta network to wye network

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

Converted delta to wye network:

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

2) Convert the wye network to delta network

Answer: Ra = 140Ω ; Rb = 70Ω ; Rc = 35Ω

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2.11 Wye-Delta Transformation

3) Obtain the equivalent resistance Rab for the circuit below.

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Answer: Rab = 9.632Ω & i = 12.458A

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3) Obtain the equivalent resistance Rab for the circuit
below.

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