Rationalisation – 3.

1.
Sol:
(i) 3
4 × 3 16
⇒ 3 4 ×16 n a×n b =
n
ab
⇒ 3 64
1 1

( )
3×
⇒ 3 43 ⇒ 43 3 ⇒4 3
⇒ 41 ⇒ 4

∴ 3 4 × 3 16 =
4
4
1250
(ii) 4
2
n
1250 a na
⇒ 4 n =
2 b b

625 × 2 1
⇒ 4
2
⇒ 4 625 ⇒ 4 54 ⇒ 54 ( ) 4

1
4×
⇒5 4
⇒ 51 =
5
1250
∴4 =
5
2

2.
Sol:
(i) We have
( 4 + 7 )(3 + 2 ) = 4 × 3 + 4 × 2 + 7 ×3+ 7 × 2

=12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 7 × 2
=12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 14  n a × n b =n ab

( )( )
∴ 4 + 7 3 + 2 = 12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 14
(ii) We have,
(3 + 3 )(5 − 2 ) = 3 × 5 + 3 × ( − 2 ) + (
3 ×5 + 3 × − 2 )
=15 − 3 2 + 5 3 − 3 × 2
=15 − 3 2 + 5 3 − 6  n a × n b =n ab

( )(
∴ 3 + 3 5 − 2 = 15 − 3 2 + 5 3 − 6)
 (iii) We have
( 5 −2 )( )
3 − 5 = 5 × 3 + 5 × − 5 + ( −2 ) × 3 ( )
= 5× 3 − 5× 5 − 2 3 + 2 5
= 15 − 52 − 2 3 + 2 5 n a + n b = n
ab
= 15 − 52 − 2 3 + 2 5
= 15 − 5 − 2 3 + 2 5
∴ ( 5 −2 )( )
3 − 5 = 15 − 2 3 + 2 5 − 5

3.
Sol:
(i) We have,

(11 + )(
11 11 − 11 = (11) − ) ( 11 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2

= 121 − 11
= 110
( )(
∴ 11 + 11 11 − 11 =
110 )
(ii) We have,

(5 + 7 )(5 − 7 ) =5 − ( 7 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2
2

= 25 − 7 = 18
(
∴ 5+ 7 5− 7 =
18 )( )
(iii) We have,

( )( ) ( 8) −( 2)  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
8− 2 8+ 2 =
=8− 2 =6
∴ ( 8− 2 )( 8+ 2 =
6 )
(iv) We have,

(3 + 3 )(3 − 3 ) = (3) − ( 3 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2

= 9−3 = 6
( )(
∴ 3+ 3 3− 3 =
6 )
(v) We have,
 ( )( ) ( 5) −( 2)  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
5− 2 5+ 2 =
=5−2 =3
∴ ( 5− 2 )( 5+ 2 =
3 )
4.
Sol:

( ) ( 3) ( 7)  ( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2 2 2 2
(i) 3 + 7= + 2× 3 × 7 +

= 3 + 2 3× 7 + 7 n a×n b =
n
ab
= 10 + 2 21

( )
2
∴ 3+ 7 =10 + 2 21
(ii) We have

( ) ( 5) ( 3)
2 2 2
5 − 3= − 2× 5 × 3 +

= 5 − 2 5× 3 + 3  ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2

= 8 − 2 15 n a×n b =
n
ab

( )
2
∴ 5− 3 =−
8 2 15
(iii) We have

(2 ) ( 2 5 ) + 2 × ( 2 5 ) × (3 2 ) + (3 2 )  ( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2 2 2 2
5 +3 =
2

2 × ( 5 ) + ( 2 × 2 × 3) × 5 × 2 + 3 ( 2 )
2 2
= 2 2

= 4 × 5 + 12 × 10 + 9 × 2  ( ab )= a n × b n and
n

=+
20 12 10 + 18 n
a×n b =
n
ab
= 38 + 12 10

( )
2
∴ 2 5 +3 2 =
38 + 12 10
 Rationalization – 3.1

1.
(i) 3
4 × 3 16
4
1250
(ii) 4
2
Sol:
(i) 3
4 × 3 16
⇒ 3 4 ×16 n a×n b =
n
ab
⇒ 3 64
1 1

( )
3×
⇒ 4 ⇒ 4 3 3 3 3
⇒4 3
⇒ 41 ⇒ 4

∴ 3 4 × 3 16 =
4
4
1250
(ii) 4
2
n
1250 a na
⇒ 4 n =
2 b b

625 × 2 1
⇒ 4
2
⇒ 4 625 ⇒ 4 54 ⇒ 54 ( ) 4

1
4×
⇒5 4
⇒ 51 =
25
1250
∴4 =
5
2

2.
Sol:
(i) We have
( 4 + 7 )(3 + 2 ) = 4 × 3 + 4 × 2 + 7 ×3+ 7 × 2

=12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 7 × 2
=12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 14  n a × n b =n ab

( )( )
∴ 4 + 7 3 + 2 = 12 + 4 2 + 3 7 + 14
(ii) We have,
 (3 + 3 )(5 − 2 ) = 3 × 5 + 3 × ( − 2 ) + (
3 ×5 + 3 × − 2 )
=15 − 3 2 + 5 3 − 3 × 2
=15 − 3 2 + 5 3 − 6  n a × n b =n ab

( )( )
∴ 3 + 3 5 − 2 = 15 − 3 2 + 5 2 − 6
(iii) We have
( 5 −2 )( )
3 − 5 = 5 × 3 + 5 × − 5 + ( −2 ) × 3 ( )
= 5× 3 − 5× 5 − 2 3 + 2 5
= 15 − 52 − 2 3 + 2 5 n a + n b = n
ab
= 15 − 52 − 2 3 + 2 5
= 15 − 5 − 2 3 + 2 5
∴ ( 5 −2 )( )
3 − 5 = 15 − 2 3 + 2 5 − 5

3.
Sol:
(i) We have,

(11 + )(
11 11 − 11 = (11) − ) ( 11 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2

= 121 − 11
= 110
( )(
∴ 11 + 11 11 − 11 =
110 )
(ii) We have,

(5 + 7 )(5 − 7 ) =5 − ( 7 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2
2

= 25 − 7 = 18
(
∴ 5+ 7 5− 7 =
18 )( )
(iii) We have,

( )( ) ( 8) −( 2)  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
8− 2 8+ 2 =
=8− 2 =6
∴ ( 8− 2 )( 8+ 2 =
6 )
(iv) We have,

(3 + 3 )(3 − 3 ) = (3) − ( 3 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
 = 9−3 = 6
(
∴ 3+ 3 3− 3 =
6 )( )
(v) We have,

( )( ) ( 5) −( 2)  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2
5− 2 5+ 2 =
=5−2 =3
∴ ( 5− 2 )( 5+ 2 =
3 )
4.
Sol:

( ) ( 3) ( 7)  ( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2 2 2 2
(i) 3 + 7= + 2× 3 × 7 +

= 3 + 2 3× 7 + 7 n a×n b =
n
ab
= 10 + 2 21

( )
2
∴ 3+ 7 =10 + 2 21
(ii) We have

( ) ( 5) ( 3)
2 2 2
5 − 3= − 2× 5 × 3 +

= 5 − 2 5× 3 + 3  ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2

= 8 − 2 15 n a×n b =
n
ab

( )
2
∴ 5− 3 =−
8 2 15
(iii) We have

(2 ) ( 2 5 ) + 2 × ( 2 5 ) × (3 2 ) + (3 2 )  ( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2 2 2 2
5 +3 =
2

2 × ( 5 ) + ( 2 × 2 × 3) × 5 × 2 + 3 ( 2 )
2 2
= 2 2

= 4 × 5 + 12 × 10 + 9 × 2  ( ab )= a n × b n and
n

=+
20 12 10 + 18 n
a×n b =
n
ab
= 38 + 12 10

( )
2
∴ 2 5 +3 2 =
38 + 12 10
 Rationalization – 3.2

1.

Sol:
3 √6 + √2
(i) 5
√5 (v) 2
3
(ii) 10
√5 (vi)
√6 + √5
3
√3
(iii) 3√10
6 (vii)
5
1
(iv) 5
√10

2.
Sol:
Given = =
that 2 1.414, =
3 1.732, =
5 2.236 and 10 3.162.
2
(i) We have
3
Rationalizing factor of denominator is 3
2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 ×1.732 3.464
∴ = × = = = =
( )
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3

= 1.15466667
= 1.154
3
(ii) We have
10
Rationalizing factor of denominator is 10
3 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 × 3.162 9.486
∴ = × = = = =
( )
2
10 10 10 10 10 10 10

= 0.9486
= 0.948
3
∴ = 0.948
10
5 +1
(iii) We have
2
Rationalizing factor of denominator is 2.
 5 +1 5 +1 2
∴ = ×
2 2 2

=
( )
5 +1 2

( 2)
2

5 × 2 + 1× 2
=
2
5× 2 + 2 10 + 2
= =
2 2
3.162 + 1.414 4.576
= = = 2.288
2 2
5 +1
∴ =
2.288
2
10 + 15
(iv) We have
2
Rationalizing factor of denominator is 2
10 + 15 10 + 15 2
∴ = ×
2 2 2

=
( 10 + 15 ) 2

( 2)
2

10 × 2 + 15 × 2
=
2
10 × 2 + 15 × 2
=
2
20 + 30 2 ×10 + 3 ×10
= =
2 2
2 × 10 + 3 × 10
=
2

=
(1⋅ 414 × 3 ⋅162 ) + (1⋅ 732 × 3 ⋅162 )
2
4 ⋅ 471068 + 5 ⋅ 476584
=
2
 4 ⋅ 471068 + 5 ⋅ 476584
⇒
2
9 ⋅ 947652
⇒ = 4 ⋅ 973826  4 ⋅ 973
2
2+ 3
(v) We have
3
2 + 1 ⋅ 732 3 ⋅ 732
⇒ = =
1 ⋅ 244
3 3
2 −1
(vi) We have
5
1
Rationalizing factor for is 5
5

⇒
2 −1
=
2 −1 5
× =
( ) (
2 × 5 − 1× 5 )
( 5)
2
5 5 5

2×5 − 5
=
5
10 − 5
=
5
3 ⋅162 − 2 ⋅ 236 0 ⋅ 926
= = = 0 ⋅1852
5 5
 0 ⋅185
2 −1
∴ =
0 ⋅185
5

3.
Sol:
1
(i) We have
3+ 2
1
Rationalising factor for is 3 − 2
3+ 2
1 1 3− 2
⇒ = ×
3+ 2 3+ 2 3− 2
3− 2
=  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( 3) ( 2)
2 2
−
 3− 2 3− 2 1 3− 2
= = ∴ =
9−2 7 3+ 2 7
1
(ii) We have
6− 5
1
Rationalising factor for is 6+ 5
6− 5
1 1 6+ 5
⇒ = ×
6− 5 6− 5 6+ 5
6+ 5
=
( 6− 5 )( 6+ 5 )
6+ 5
=  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( 6) −( 5)
2 2

6+ 5
=
6−5
6+ 5
= = 6+ 5
1
1
∴ =6+ 5
6− 5
(iii) We have

Rationalization factor for

1
41 − 5
is ( 41 − 5 )
16 16 41 + 5
⇒ = ×
41 − 5 41 − 5 41 + 5

=
16 ( 41 + 5 )
( 41 − 5 )( 41 + 5 )
=
16 ( 41 + 5 )  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
( )
41 − ( 5 )
2 2

=
(
16 41 + 5 16 41 + 5
= =
) ( ) 41 + 5
41 − 5 16
16
∴ = 41 + 5
41 − 5
30
(iv) We have
5 3 −3 5
 1
Rationalization factor for is 5 3 + 3 5
5 3 −3 5
30 30 5 3 +3 5
⇒ = ×
5 3 −3 5 5 3 −3 5 5 3 +3 5

=
(
30 5 3 + 3 5 )
(5 )(
3 −3 5 5 3 +3 5 )
=
) (
30 5 3 + 3 5
 ( a − b )( a − b ) = a − b 2 2

( ) ( )
2 2
5 3 − 3 5

30 ( 5 3 + 3 5 )
=
5 ( 3) − 3 ( 5)
2 2
2 2

30 ( 5 3 + 3 5 ) 30 ( 5 3 + 3 5 ) 30 ( 5 3 + 3 5 )
= = =
25 × 3 − 9 × 5 75 − 45 30
= 5 3 +3 5
30
∴ = 5 3 +3 5
5 3 −3 5
1
(v) We have
2 5− 3
1
Rationalization factor for is 2 5 + 3
2 5− 3
1 1 2 5+ 3
⇒ = ×
2 5− 3 2 5− 3 2 5+ 3
2 5+ 3
=  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
(2 5 ) − ( 3)
2 2

2 5+ 3
=
( 5) − ( 3)
2 2
22

2 5+ 3 2 5+ 3 2 5+ 3
= = =
4×5 − 3 20 − 3 17
1 2 5+ 3
∴ =
2 5− 3 17
3 +1
(vi) We have
2 2− 3
 1
Rationalization factor for is 2 2 + 3
2 2− 3
3 +1 3 +1 2 2+ 3
⇒ = ×
2 2− 3 2 2− 3 2 2+ 3

=
( )(
3 +1 2 2 + 3 )
(2 2− 3 )( 2 2+ 3 )
3 × 2 2 + 3 × 3 + 1× 2 2 + 1× 3
=  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
(2 2 ) − ( 3)
2 2

2 2 × 3 + 3× 3 + 2 2 + 3
=
( 2) − ( 3)
2 2
22

2 6 +3+ 2 2 + 3 2 6 +3+ 2 2 + 3
= =
4× 2 − 3 8−3
2 6 +3+ 2 2 + 3
=
5
3 +1 2 6 +3+ 2 2 + 3
∴ =
2 2− 3 5
6−4 2
(vii) We have
6+4 2
1
Rationalization factor for is 6 − 4 2
6+4 2
 6−4 2 6−4 2 6−4 2
⇒ = ×
6+4 2 6+4 2 6+4 2

(6 − 4 2 )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2

=
(6) − ( 4 2 ) ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2 2 2

( )
2
62 − 2 × 6 × 4 2 + 4 2
= (a − b)
2
=a 2 − 2ab + b 2
( )
2
36 − 42 2

36 − 48 2 + 32
=
36 − 32
68 − 48 2 4 17 − 12 2
= =
(
= 17 − 12 2
)
4 4
6−4 2
∴ = 17 − 12 2
6+4 2

3 2 +1
(viii) We have
2 5 −3
1
Rationalizing factor for is 2 5 + 3
2 5 −3
3 2 +1 3 2 +1 2 5 + 3
⇒ = ×
2 5 −3 2 5 −3 2 5 +3

=
(3 )(
2 +1 2 5 + 3 )
(2 5 − 3)( 2 5 + 3)

3 2 × 2 5 + 3 2 × 3 + 1× 2 5 + 1× 3
= ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
(2 5 ) − ( 3)
2 2

6 10 + 9 2 + 2 5 + 3 6 10 + 9 2 + 2 5 + 3
= =
20 − 9 11
3 2 + 1 6 10 + 9 2 + 2 5 + 3
∴ =
2 5 −3 11
b2
(ix) We have
a 2 + b2 + a
1
Rationalization factor for is a 2 + b2 − a
a +b +a
2 2
 b2 b2 a 2 + b2 − a
⇒ = ×
a 2 + b2 + a a 2 + b2 + a a 2 + b2 − a

=
b2 ( a 2 + b2 − a ) ( x + y )( x − y ) = x 2 − y 2
( ) − (a)
2
2
a 2 + b2

b ( a + b − a)
2 2 2

=
a 2 + b2 − a 2

=
b2 ( a 2 + b2 − a )
2
b
= ( a + b2 − a
2
)
b2
∴ = a 2 + b2 − a
a +b +a
2 2

4.

Sol:
3− 2
(i) We have
3+ 2
1
Rationalization factor for is a− b
a+ b
1
⇒ for it is 3− 2
3+ 2
3− 2 3− 2 3− 2
∴ = ×
3+ 2 3+ 2 3− 2

( )
2
3− 2  ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2

=
( 3) + ( 2 ) and ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2

( 3) − 2× 3 × ( 2)
2 2
2+
 ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2
=
3− 2
3− 2 6 + 2
= = 5−2 6
1
3− 2
∴ = 5−2 6
3+ 2
 5+ 2 3
(ii) We have
7+4 3
1
Rationalizing factor for is a − b c
a+b c
1
⇒ for is 7 − 4 3
7+4 3
5+ 2 3 5+ 2 3 7−4 3
∴ = ×
7+4 3 7+4 3 7−4 3

=
( )
5 × 7 + 5 × −4 3 + 2 3 × 7 + 2 3 × −4 3 ( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( )
2
7 − 4 3
2

35 − 20 3 + 14 3 − 8 × 3
=
49 − 48

35 − 24 − 6 3
= = 11 − 6 3
1
5+ 2 3
∴ =
11 − 6 3
7+4 3
1+ 2
(iii) We have
3− 2 2
1
Rationalisation factor for is a + b c
a −b c
1
⇒ for is 3 + 2 2
3− 2 2
1+ 2 1+ 2 3 + 2 2
∴ = ×
3− 2 2 3− 2 2 3+ 2 2
1× 3 + 1× 2 2 + 2 × 3 + 2 × 2 2
=  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
( )
2
3 − 2 2
2

3 + 2 2 + 3 2 + 2× 2
=
9−8
3+ 4+5 2 7 +5 2
= = = 7+5 2
1 1
1+ 2
∴ = 7+5 2
3− 2 2
 2 6− 5
(iv) We have
3 5 −2 6
1
Rationalization factor for is a b + c d
a b −c d
1
⇒ for is 3 5 + 2 6
3 5 −2 6
2 6− 5 2 6− 5 3 5+2 6
∴ = ×
3 5 −2 6 3 5 −2 6 3 5 +2 6

=
( )( ) (
2 6 ×3 5 + 2 6 ×2 6 + − 5 3 5 + − 5 2 6 )( )  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
(3 5 ) − ( 2 6 )
2 2

6 30 + 4 × 6 − 3 × 5 − 2 5 × 6
=
45 − 24
6 30 + 24 − 15 − 2 30
=
21
9 + 4 30
=
21
2 6 − 5 9 + 4 30
∴ =
3 5 −2 6 21
4 3 +5 2
(v) We have
48 + 18
1
Rationalization factor for is a− b
a+ b
1
⇒ for is 48 − 18
48 + 18
4 3 +5 2 4 3 +5 2 48 − 18
∴ = ×
48 + 18 48 + 18 48 − 18

=
( )
4 3 × 48 + 4 3 × − 18 + 5 2 × 48 + 5 2 × − 18 ( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( ) − ( 18 )
2 2
48

4 3 × 3 ×16 − 4 3 × 2 × 9 + 5 2 × 3 ×16 − 5 2 × 2 × 9
=
48 − 18
4 3 ×4 3 − 4 3 ×3 2 + 5 2 ×4 3 −5 2 ×3 2
=
30
 48 − 12 6 + 20 6 − 30
=
30

= = =
(
18 + 8 6 2 9 + 4 6 9+4 6 )
30 30 15
4 3 +5 2 9+4 6
∴ =
48 + 18 15
2 3− 5
(vi) We have
2 2 +3 3
1
Rationalisation factor for is a b − c d
a b +c d
1
⇒ for is 2 2 − 3 3
2 2 +3 3
2 3− 5 2 3 − 5 2 2 −3 3
∴ = ×
2 2 +3 3 2 2 +3 3 2 2 +3 3

=
( ) ( )(
2 3 × 2 2 + 2 3 × −3 3 + − 5 2 2 + − 5 −3 3 ) ( )( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( 2 2 ) − (3 3 )
2 2

4 6 − 6 32 − 2 10 + 3 15
=
8 − 27
4 6 − 18 − 2 10 + 3 15
=
−19

= =
(
− 18 − 3 15 + 2 10 − 4 6 )
18 − 3 15 + 2 10 − 4 6
−19 19
2 3 − 5 18 − 3 15 + 2 10 − 4 6
∴ =
2 2 +3 3 19

5.
Sol:
3 2 −2 3 12
(i) We have +
3 2+2 3 3− 2
1 1
Rationalization factor for is 3 2 − 2 3 and for is 3+ 2
3 2+2 3 3− 2
3 2 −2 3 3 2 −2 3 4×3 3+ 2
⇒ × + ×
3 2 +2 3 3 2 −2 3 3− 2 3+ 2
 ( ) ( 4 × 3 )( 3 + 2 )
2
3 2 −2 3  ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2

⇒ +
(3 2 ) − ( 2 3 ) ( 3 ) − ( 2 ) ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b2
2 2 2 2

(3 2 ) − 2 × 3 2 × 2 3 + ( 2 3 ) + 2 3 ×
2 2
3 +2 3× 2
⇒
3 ( 2 ) − ( 2) ( 3 ) 3− 2
2 2 2
2

18 − 12 6 + 12 6 + 2 6
⇒ +
18 − 12 1
30 − 12 6
⇒ +6+2 6
6

⇒
(
6 5−2 6
6
) +6+2
6
⇒ 5 − 2 6 + 6 + 2 6 ⇒ 5 + 6 ⇒ 11
3 2 −2 3 12
∴ + =
11
3 2+2 3 3− 2
5+ 3 5− 3
(ii) we have +
5− 3 5+ 3
1
Rationalization factor for is a  b
a± b
1 1
⇒ for it is 5 + 3 and for it is 5− 3
5− 3 5+ 3
5+ 3 5+ 3 5− 3 5− 3
⇒ × + ×
5− 3 5+ 3 5+ 3 5− 3

⇒
( 5+ 3 )( 5+ 3 )+( 5− 3 )( 5− 3 )
( 5− 3 )( 5+ 3) ( 5+ 3 )( 5− 3)

 ( a + b )( a + b ) = ( a + b )
2

( ) ( )
2 2
5+ 3 5+ 3
( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2
⇒ +
( 5) − ( 3) ( 5) − ( 3)
2 2 2 2

( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b2
( 5) ( 3) + ( 5) ( 3)
2 2 2 2
+2 5 3+ −2 5 3+
⇒
5−3 5−3
 5 + 2 15 + 3 5 − 2 15 + 3
⇒ +
2 2
8 + 2 15 8 − 2 15
⇒ +
2 2

⇒
(
2 4 + 15 ) + 2(4 − 15 )
2 2
⇒ 4 + 15 + 4 − 15
⇒ 4+4⇒8
5+ 3 5− 3
∴ + =
8
5− 3 5+ 3
7+3 5 7−3 5
(iii) We have −
3+ 5 3− 5
1
Rationalization factor for is a  b
a± b
1 1
⇒ for it is 3 − 5 and for it is 3 + 5
3+ 5 3− 5
7+3 5 7−3 5
⇒ −
3+ 5 3− 5
7 +3 5 3− 5 7 −3 5 3+ 5
⇒ × − ×
3+ 5 3− 5 3− 5 3+ 5

⇒
( 7 + 3 5 )(3 − 5 ) − ( 7 − 3 5 )(3 + 5 )
(3 + 5 )(3 − 5 ) (3 − 5 )(3 + 5 )
7 × 3 + 7 ×(− 5 ) + 3 5 ×3 + 3 5 ×(− 5 )
⇒
3 −( 5)
2
2

7 × 3 + 7 × 5 + ( −3 5 ) × 3 + ( −3 5 ) × 5
−  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
3 −( 5)
2
2

21 − 7 5 + 9 5 − 3 × 5 21 + 7 5 − 9 5 − 3 × 5
⇒ −
9−5 9−5
 21 − 15 + 2 5 21 − 15 + 2 5
⇒ −
4 4
6+2 5 6−2 5
⇒ −
4 4

⇒
(
6+2 5 − 6−2 5 ) ⇒ 6+2 5 −6+2 5
⇒
4 5
⇒ 5
4 4 4
7+3 5 7−3 5
∴ − = 5
3+ 5 3− 5
1 2 1
(iv) We have + +
2+ 3 5 − 3 2− 5
1
Rationalization factor for is a  b
a± b
1 1
⇒ for it is 2 − 3 and for it is 2 + 5
2+ 3 2− 5
1 1
And also, rationalization factor for is a  b ⇒ for it is 5 + 3
a± b 5− 3
1 2 1
⇒ + +
2+ 3 5 − 3 2− 5
1 2− 3 2 5+ 3 1 2+ 5
⇒ × + × + ×
2+ 3 2− 3 5− 3 5 + 3 2− 5 2+ 5

⇒
2− 3
+
2) ( 5+ 3
+
2+ 5
 ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
− ( 3) ( 5) − ( 3) ( 5)
2 2 2 2
22 22 −

2− 3 2 5 +2 3 2+ 5
⇒ + +
4−3 5−3 4−5
2− 3 2 5 +2 3 2+ 5
⇒ + +
1 2 −1
( 5+ 3 )−
(2 + 3)
2
⇒ 2− 3 +
2
⇒ 2− 3 + 5 + 3 −2− 3
⇒0
1 2 1
∴ + + =0
2+ 3 5 − 3 2− 5
(v) We have,
2 1 3
+ −
5+ 3 3+ 2 5+ 2
 1 1
Rationalization factor for is a  b ⇒ for it is 5− 3
a± b 5+ 3
1 1
⇒ for it is 3 − 2 ⇒ for it is 5− 2
3+ 2 5+ 2
2 5− 3 1 3− 2 3 5− 2
⇒ × + × − ×
5+ 3 5− 3 3+ 2 3− 2 5+ 2 5− 2

⇒
2 (
) + 3 − 2 − 3( 5 − 2 )
5− 3

( 5) − ( 3) ( 3) − ( 2) ( 5) − ( 2 )
2 2 2 2 2 2

2( 5 − 3) 3 − 2 3( 5 − 2 )
⇒ + −
5−3 3− 2 5−2

⇒
2 ( 5− 3
3− 2 3 5− 2
−
)+ ( )
2 1 3
⇒ 5− 3+ 3− 2− 5+ 2
⇒0
2 1 3
∴ + − =
0
5+ 3 3+ 2 5+ 2

6.

Sol:
3 −1
(i) Given = a −b 3
3 +1
1 1
Rationalization factor for is x − y ⇒ for is 3 −1
x+y 3 +1
3 −1 3 −1 3 −1
⇒ = ×
3 +1 3 +1 3 −1
 ( )
2
3 −1  ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2

=
( 3) − (1) ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b2
2 2

( 3) − 2 3 ×1 + (1)
2 2

=  ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2

3 −1
3 − 2 3 +1
=
2

=
4−2 3 2 2− 3
= = 2− 3
( )
2 2
We have
3 −1
= a −b 3
3 +1
⇒ 2 − 3 = a − b 3 ⇒ 2 − (1) 3 = a − b 3
On equating rational and irrational parts, we get a = 2 and b = 1
(ii) Given that
4+ 2
= a− b
2+ 2

1 1
Rationalization factor for is a  b ⇒ for it is 2 − 2
a±b 2+ 2
4+ 2 4+ 2 2− 2
⇒ = ×
2+ 2 2+ 2 2− 2

=
4× 2 + 2 × 2 + 4× − 2 + 2 × − 2 ( ) ( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
−( 2)
2
22

8+ 2 2 −4 2 −2
=
4−2

=
6− 2 2 2 3− 2
= = 3− 2
( )
2 2
We have,
4+ 2
= a− b
2+ 2
⇒ 3− 2 = a − b
On equating rational and irrational parts
We get
 =a 3=
and b 2
(iii) Given that
3+ 2
= a+b 2
3− 2

1 1
The rationalization factor for is a + b ⇒ for it is 3 + 2
a− b 3− 2
3+ 2 3+ 2 3+ 2
⇒ = ×
3− 2 3− 2 3+ 2

(3 + 2 )
2
 ( a + b )( a + b ) = ( a + b )
2

=
3 −( 2) ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b2
2
2

( )
2
32 + 2 × 3 2 + 2
( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
=
9−2
9 + 6 2 + 2 11 + 6 2 11 6
= = = + 2
7 7 7 7
We have
3+ 2
= a+b 2
3− 2
11 6
⇒ + 2 =a + b 2
7 7
On equating rational and irrational parts
We get
11 6
=a = and b
7 7
(iv) Given that
5+3 3
= a+b 3
7+4 3
1 1
Rationalization factor for is a − b c ⇒ for it is 7 − 4 3
a+b c 7+4 3
5+3 3 5+3 3 7−4 3
⇒ = ×
7+4 3 7+4 3 7−4 3
 =
( )
5 × 7 + 5 × −4 3 + 3 3 × 7 + 3 3 −4 3 ( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
(7) ( )
2 2
− 4 3

35 − 20 3 + 21 3 − 12 × 3
=
49 − 48
35 − 36 + 3 3 −1
= = = 3 −1
1 1
We have
5+3 3
= a+b 3
7+4 3
⇒ 3 −1 = a + b 3
⇒ −1 + (1) 3 = a + b 3
On equating the rational and irrational parts
We get
a = −1 and b = 1
(v) Given that,
11 − 7
= a − b 77
11 + 7
1 1
We know that rationalization factor for is a − b ⇒ for it is
a+ b 11 + 7
11 − 7
11 − 7 11 − 7 11 − 7
⇒ = ×
11 + 7 11 + 7 11 − 7

( )
2
11 − 7  ( a − b )( a − b ) = ( a − b )
2

=
( 11 ) + ( 7 ) ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
2 2

( 11 ) − 2 11 × ( 7)
2 2
7+
=  ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2
2

11 − 2
11 − 2 11× 7 + 7
=
4

=
18 − 2 77 2 9 − 77
= =
9 − 27 9
=
(−
77 )
4 4 2 2 2
We have,
 11 − 7
= a − b 77
11 + 7
9 77
⇒
− = a − b 77
2 2
9 1
⇒ − 77 = a − b 77
2 2
On equating the rational and irrational posts
We have
9 1
=a = and b
2 2
(vi) Given that
4+3 5
= a+b 5
4−3 5
1 1
Rationalization factor for is a + b c ⇒ for it is 4 + 3 5
a −b c 4−3 5
4+3 5 4+3 5 4+3 5
⇒ = ×
4−3 5 4−3 5 4+3 5

(4 + 3 5 )
2
 ( a + b )( a + b ) = ( a + b )
2

=
4 − (3 5 ) ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b2
2
2

( )
2
42 × 2 × 4 × 3 5 + 3 5
 ( a + b ) =a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
=
( )
2
16 − 32 5

=
16 + 24 5 + 45 61 + 24 5 − 61 + 24 5
= =
( )
16 − 45 −29 29
−61 24
= − 5
29 29

7.
Sol:
1
Given x= 2 + 3 and given to find the value of x 3 +
x3
We have x= 2 + 3
1 1
⇒ =
x 2+ 3
 1
Rationalization factor for is a − b
a+ b
1 1 2− 3
⇒= ×
x 2+ 3 2− 3
2− 3
=  ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2
( 3)
2
22 −

2− 3 2− 3
= = = 2− 3
4−3 1
1
∴ =2− 3
x
 1
And also,  x +  = 2 + 3 + 2 − 3 = 2 + 2 = 4
 x
 1
∴ x+ =4 ................ (1)
 x
We know that
1  1  1 1 
x3 + 3 =  x +   x 2 − x × + 2 
x  x  x x 
 1  1 
=  x +   x 2 + 2 − 1
 x  x 
 1  1 
=  x +   x 2 + 2 + 2 − 2 − 1
 x  x 
 1  1 1 
=  x +   x 2 + 2 + 2.x. − 3 
 x  x x 
1  1  1 1 
⇒ x 3 + 3 =  x +   x 2 + 2 + 2.x. − 3 
x  x  x x 
1  
2
 1  ( a + b )2 =a 2 + 2ab + b 2 
= x +    x +  − 3 
 x    x 

 

 1
By putting  x +  =
4, we get
 x
 1   
2
1  1
x3 + =  x +   x +  − 3
x 
3
x   x 
= ( 4 ) ( 42 − 3)
= 4 (16 − 3)
= 4 (13)
= 52
1
∴ The value off x3 + is 52
x3

8.
Sol:
1 1 3− 8
⇒= ×
x 3+ 8 3− 8
3− 8 3− 8 3− 8
= = = = 3− 8
( ) 9−8
2
32 − 8 1

1
∴ =3 − 8
x
And also,
 1
 x +  = 3+ 8 +3− 8 = 3+3 = 6
 x
 1
∴ x+ =6
 x
We know that
2
1  1
x + 2 =  x2 +  − 2
2

x  x
1
By putting x + = 6 in the above
x
We get,
1
x2 + 2 = ( 6) − 2
2

x
= 36 − 2
= 34
1
∴ The value of x 2 + is 34.
x2
 1
Given that x= 3 + 8 and given to find the value of x 2 +
x2
We have x= 3 + 8
1 1
⇒ =
x 3+ 8
1
The rationalization factor for is a − b
a+ b
1
⇒ For is 3 − 8
3+ 8

9.
Sol:
6
Given to find the value of
5− 3
1 1
Rationalization factor for is a + b ⇒ for is 5+ 3
a− b 5− 3
6 6 5+ 3
⇒ = ×
5− 3 5− 3 5+ 3

=
6 (
) 5+ 3
 ( a − b )( a + b ) = a 2 − b 2 
( 5) − ( 3)
2 2

6( 5 + 3)
=
5−3

=
6 ( 5+ 3 )
2
= 3 ( 5+ 3 )
We have 3=
1 ⋅ 732, 5 =
2 ⋅ 236
6
⇒ = 3 ( 2 ⋅ 236 + 1 ⋅ 732 )
5− 3
= 3 ( 3 ⋅ 968 )
= 11.904
6
∴ Value of is 11 ⋅ 904
5− 3

10.
Sol:
 3− 5
(i) We have
3+ 2 5
1 1
Rationalization factor for is a − b c ⇒ for it is 3 − 2 5
a+b c 3+ 2 5
3− 5 3− 5 3− 2 5
⇒ = ×
3+ 2 5 3+ 2 5 3− 2 5

=
( ) ( )
3 × 3 + 3 × −2 5 + − 5 ( 3) + − 5 −2 5 ( )( )  ( a + b )( a − b ) = a 2 − b 2
( 3) ( )
2 2
− 2 5

9 − 6 5 − 3 5 + 2×5
=
9 − 20
9 + 10 − 9 5 19 − 9 5 9 5 − 19
= = =
−11 −11 11
We have 5 = 2.2360
3 − 5 9 ( 2.2360 ) − 19
⇒ =
3+ 2 5 11
20 ⋅124 − 19
=
11
1.124
=
11
= 0.102181818
 0.102 (upto 3 decimals )
3− 5
∴The value of =
0.102
3+ 2 5

11.
Sol:
3 +1
Given x = and given to find the value of 4 x 3 + 2 x 2 − 8 x + 7
2
3 +1
Now, x =
2
⇒ 2 x= 3 + 1 ⇒ ( 2 x − 1)= 3
Squaring on both sides we get
( 2 x − 1) ( )
2 2
=3

⇒ ( 2 x ) − 2.2 x.1 + (1) =3  ( a − b ) =a 2 − 2ab + b 2

2 2 2

⇒ 4 x2 − 4 x + 1 =3
⇒ 4 x 2 − 4 x + 1 − 3 =0
⇒ 4 x2 − 4 x − 2 =0
(
⇒ 2 2 x2 − 2 x −1 =
0 )
⇒ 2 x 2 − 2 x − 1 =0
Now take 4 x 3 + 2 x 2 − 8 x + 7
( )
⇒ 2 x 2 x2 − 2 x − 1 + 4 x2 + 2 x + 2 x2 − 8x + 7
⇒ 2x ( 2x − 2 x − 1) + 6 x − 6 x + 7
2 2

⇒ 2 x ( 0 ) + 3 ( 2 x − 2 x − 1) + 7 + 3
2

⇒ 0 + 3 ( 0 ) + 10
⇒ 10
∴ The value of 4 x3 + 2 x 2 − 8 x + 7 is 10.