Responsibilities

• Has someone with appropriate skills been made responsible for

specific actions in an emergency, for example managing an
evacuation or assign ing area wardens?
• Is someone responsible for making sure all workers and others in
the workplace, for example contractors, customers and visitors are
accounted for in an evacuation?
• Do workers working alone know what to do in an emergency?
• Are specific procedures in place for critical functions, for example
power shut-downs?

Emergency contact details

• Are emergency contact details relevant to the types of possible
threats , for example fire brigade, police and poison information
centre?
• Are the emergency contact details drsplayeu I:IlU,e workplace 1111:111
easily accessible location?
• Are contact details updated regularly?

Evacuations
• Have all emergencies requiring an evacuation at the workplace been
identified?
• Has an evacuation procedure been prepared (if applicable)?
• Does the procedure : address all types of situations and hazards
which may arise at the workplace
• cover everyone who may be present at the workplace
• allow for quick and safe evacuation when needed
• clearly identify routes to safe assembly areas consider special
assistance for hearing , vision or mob ility-impaired people , and
• include a process for accounting for persons?

Evacuations for a fixed workplace

• Is the evacuation procedure clearly and prominently displayed at the
workplace, where practicable?
• Is there a mechanism , for example a siren or bell alarm for alerting
staff of an emergency? If yes, is it regularly tested to ensure its
effectiveness?
• Is there a documented site Ian that illustrates the location of fire
 protection equipment, emergency exits and assembly points? If yes ,
is it posted in key locations throughout the workplace?
• Are all exits, corridors and aisles readily accessible and kept clear of
obstructions?
• Does the workplace have illuminated exit signs?

Fire protection equipment

• Does the workplace have appropriate fire protection equipment? Is it
suitable for the types of risks at the workplace, for example foam or
dry powder type extinguishers for fires that involve flammable
liquids?
• Is it properly maintained and regularly checked and tested by the
local fire authority or fire equipment supplier?
• Is the area where the equipment is stored kept clear of obstructions?
• Are adequate numbers of workers trained to use fire extinguishers?
Do they know what type of extinguisher to use for different types of
fires?

Extreme weather conditions

• If there is a risk of extreme or dangerous weather conditions , for
example bushfire , floods or storms, will the control measures be
effective in these conditions?
• Do emergency procedures accommodate declarations of
extreme weather warnings? Examples of extreme weather
warnings may include warnings such as a code red in the case
of extreme buohfirco or cotcqorlco 3, 4 or 6 for oyolonc
warnings . Do declarations of extreme weather warnings in the
emergency plan include matters such as: safe exit routes , for
example the process for identifying and communicating roads
that may be closed?
• Do procedures identify the closest designated 'safe place '?
• Do procedures accommodate evacuation procedures of the
relevant local authorities for example the fire services , SES and
police?
• Do workers have access to reliable communications
equipment?
• Are workers trained in emergency evacuation and related
procedures?
• If workers travel into areas where extreme weather warnings may be
declared, have appropriate policies and procedures been developed
for when such declarations are made?

Chemical safety
• Are current safety data sheets available for all hazardous chemicals
on site?
• Are all hazardous chemicals labelled and stored in a safe manner?
• Is appropriate equipment available to initially respond to a chemical
incident, for example absorbent material to contain a liquid spill?
• Is appropriate personal protective equipment and training provided
to protect workers who are called on to deal with an unplanned
 chemical release?

First aid
• Has a first aid assessment been conducted?
• Does the workplace have trained first alders and suitable first aid
facilities?
• Are workers aware of where first aid facilities are kept and who first
aiders are?

Neighbouring businesses
• Have neighbouring businesses been considered if an emergency
occurs? How would they be advised of an emergency situation
arises (if applicable)?
• Should they be consulted about the preparation and coordination of
emergency plans?
• Have the risks from neighbouring businesses been considered, for
example fire from restaurant/takeaway food outlets, Q fever from
cattle yards or vehicle accidents on major roads?

Post incident follow-up

• Are there procedures in place to notify the relevant regulator about a
notifiable incident where necessary?
• Are there procedures in place to ensure the cause of the emergency
is determined and action is taken to prevent a similar incident
occurring again?
• Are there procedures in place to ensure the welfare of workers after
an emergency or an incident, for example medical treatment or
trauma counselling?

Review
• Are emergency plan practice runs undertaken to assess the
effectiveness of the emergency plan, for example evacuation drills?
• Is someone responsible for documenting and retaining the results of
emergency plan practice runs?
• Is someone responsible for reviewing the emergency plan and
informing workers of any revisions?
 0< , I I (K,})

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 3/B/2019 https:IIWW'W.verywellh ealth.comlhow-to-control-bl eeding-1 29B304 ?prin t

Veryyyell Healthverywell health

How to Control Bleeding

By Rod Brou ard.>. EMT­ I Medically reviewed by Richard N. Fogoros, IV1D
Updated January 31, 2019

Regardless how severe, all bleeding can be controlled. If left uncontrolled, bleeding may lead
to ~hocJs or even death . Most bleeding can be stopped before the ambulance arrives at the
scene. While you're performing the steps for controlling bleeding, you should also be 9alling
for an ambulance to respond . Bleeding control is only part of the equation .

1 Direct Pressure

Hold pressure directly on the wound. © Rod Brouhard

The first step in controlling a bleeding wound is to plug the hole . Blood needs to clot in order
to start the healing process and stop the bleeding . Just like ice won't form on the rapids of a
river, blood will not coagulate when it's flow ing.

The best way to stop it is to ...stop it. Put pressure directly on the wound. If you have some
type of gauze, use it. Gauze pads hold the blood on the wound and help the components of

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 3/8/2019 h ttps:l lwww.ve ryw ell health .com /how-to-control- bleeding-1 298 304 ?print

the blood to stick together, promoting clotting. If you don't have gauze, terrycloth towels work
.s

almost as well.

If the gauze or towel soaks through with blood, add another layer. Never take off the gauze.
Peeling blood-soaked gauze off a wound removes vital clotting agents and encourages
bleeding to resume.

Once bleeding is controlled , take steps to tL~giJ h e victim for shock.

2 Elevate Above the Heart

r-,
l I.!

Elevate the wound to slow blood flow. © Rod Brouhard

Gravity makes blood flow down easier than it flows up. If you hold one hand above your head
and the other at your side , the lower hand will be red while the higher one is pale.

Step two to control bleeding uses this principle. Elevate the wound abo ve the heart. By
elevating the wound , you slow the flow of blood. As the blood slows , it becomes easier to
stop it with direct pressure. Remember, the wound must be above the heart and you must
keep direct pressure on it.

Once bleeding is controlled, take steps to treat the victim for sho ck.

3 Use Pressure Points

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 3/8/2019 https:/Iwww.verywellheallh.com/how- lo-control - bleeding-1298304 ?print

Pressure points should be between the wound and the heart . © Rod Brouhard

Pressure points are areas of the body where blood vessels run close to the surface. By
pressing on these blood vessels, blood flow further away will be slowed, allowing direct
pressure to stop bleeding.

When using pressure points, make sure you are pressing on a point closer to the heart than
the wound. Pressinq on a blood vessel further from the heart than the wound will have no
effect on the bleeding.

Common pressure points:

• Arm between shoulder and elbow - brachial artery

• Groin area along bikini line - femoral artery

• Behind the knee - popliteal artery

Remember to keep the wound elevated above the heart and keep pressure directly on the
wound.

Once bleeding is controlled, take steps to treat the victim for shock.

4 When Should You Apply a Tourniquet?

https :l/www.veryw ellheal lh .com/how-l o-conlrol-bl eedin9-12983 04?print 3/4

 3/8/2019 http s:llwww.verywellhealth.com/how-to-control-bleeding-12983 04?print

Tourn iquets should almost never be used. © Rod Brouhard

The simple answer: almost never. Tourniquets severely restrict or occlude blood flow to the
arm or leg to which they are applied. Using a tourniquet to stop bleeding has the potential to
damage the entire arm or leg. Patients have been known to lose limbs from the use of
tourniquets.

Often, if a tourniquet doesn't cause a loss of function on the extremity which has it, then it
probably wasn't applied correctly. Applying a tourniquet is a desperate move - only for dire
emergencies where the choice between life and limb must be made.

For a step-by-step quide , see tLQ.\,'V to Use a Tourniguet.

Using a tourniquet requires wrapping a cravat (nonstretchy material like terry cloth or linen)
around an extremity and tightening it with the use of a windlass stuck through the bandage
(see photo).

The tourniquet should be tightened until the wound stops bleeding . If there is any bleeding at
the wound after placing a tourniquet, then the tourniquet must be tightened.

When a tourniquet is applied, it is important to note the time of application and write that time
down somewhere handy. The best bet is to write the time on the patient's forehead with a
waterproof marker.

Once bleeding is controlled , take steps to treat the victim for shock.

https :llwww.verywellhealth.com/how-to-conlrol-bleedi ng-129 8304?print 4/4

"

I
.
.
.

Basic advice
on first aid at work
This leaflet contains basic advice on first aid for use in an
emergency. It is not a substitute for effective training.

This is a free-to-download, web-friendly version of

INDG37. This version has been adapted for online
use from HSE's current printed version.

You can buy the boo k at http s://books.hse.gov.uk/

and most good bookshops.

ISBN 978 0 7176 66683

Price £10.00 (Pack of 20)

INDG347
Publish ed 2017
 .,. Airway

To open the airway:

•
place your hand

on the casualty's

•• forehead and gently

tilt the head back;

: . lift the chin wit h two

fingertips.

• • ••• I •

Breathing

look, listen and feel for normal

• breathing for no more than 10

- . seconds:

look for chest

movement;

listen at the casualty's

mouth for breath

sounds;

• feel for air on yo ur cheek.

If the casualty is breath ing

normally:

place in the recovery position;

• get help;
• check for continued breathing.
 Basic advice on first aid at wo rk

If the casualty is not breathing remove your mouth from the casualty
normally: and watch for the chest falling;
• give a second breath and then start
get help and call for an AED*
30 compressions again without delay;
if available
continue with chest comp ressions
start chest comp ressions (see CPR).
and rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2
until qualified help takes over or the
casualty starts breathing normally.
CPR
Severe bleeding
To start chest compressions:
If there is severe bleeding:
S lean over the casualty and
with your arms straight, apply direct pressure to the wo und;
press down on the ~ raise and suppo rt the injured part
centre of the breastbone (unless broken);
5-6 cm, then release apply a dressing and bandage firmly
the pressure; in place.
repeat at a
rate of about Broken bones
100-1 20 tim es and spinal injuries
a minute;
after 30 compressions open the If a broken bone or spinal injury is
airway again; suspected, obtain expert help.
If an AED* is available use in Do not move casualties unless they
acco rdance with your training/ are in immediate danger.
manufacturer's instructions
• pinc h the cas ualty's Burns
nose closed and
allow the mout h Burns can be serious so if in doubt,
to open; seek medical help. Cool the affected
take a normal breath part of the body with cold water until
and place your pain is relieved. Thorough coo ling may
mouth around the take 10 minutes or more, but this must
casualty's mouth, not delay taking the casualty to hospital.
making a good seal;
blow steadily into the mouth while Certain chemicals may seriously
w atching for the chest rising; irritate or damage the skin. Avoid
• Wnete an emp loyer has idenlmed through their needs assessment that they wish to prCMde an Autom ated Extemal Defibnllalor (AED) in
1he WO<l<plac e. then the Provision and Use of Worl<place Equipm ent Regulalion s 1998 (PUWER) apply. For the purpose of comp lying wil h
PLNv'EA in these si(uations Ihe emp loyer shaulel p<ovide iniorm ation anel WTitleninsuuctons - for example. from the rnanutactorer of the
AED - on how to use 1M AED. The Approved Code or Practice (ACOP} and gUidance on Pl-WER (l22 - http :/AoMw.hse.gov.uklpubnsl
pncedil 22.pdf) provides info rmauon on tnstrucuons. maJlltenance . Inspection and the su~ab ili(y of w ork squprnent.

contaminating yourself with the
chemical. Treat in the same way as for
other burn s but flood the affected area
with water for 20 minutes. Continue
treatment even on the way to hospital,
if nece ssary. Remo ve any contaminated
clothing which is not stuck to the skin.
Eye injuries
All eye injuries are potentially serious . If
there is something in the eye, wa sh out
the eye with clean wate r or sterile fluid
from a sealed co ntainer, to remove loose
material. Do not attempt to remove
anything that is embedded in the eye.
If chemicals are involved, flush th e eye
with w ater or ste rile fluid for at least
10 minutes. while gently holding the
eyelids open. Ask the casualty to hold a
pad over the injured eye and send th em
to hospital.
Record keeping
It is good practi ce to use a book for
recording any incid ents involving injuries or
illness w hich you have attended . Include
the followin g information in your ent ry:
th e d ate, tim e and plac e of th e
incident;
the name and jo b of the injured
or ill person ;
d etails of th e injury/illnes s and
any first aid given ;
w hat happened to the casualty
INDG347 JOO3403097 C15
Published wit h the per missio n 01 the Heanh and Safety Executive on behalf of th e Controller Of Her Majesty's Stationery Office
; .
immediately afterwa rds (eg went
back to work , went home , went
to hosp ital);
the name and signature of the person
dealin g wit h the incident.
This information c an help identify
acc ide nt trend s and possible areas for
improvement in th e control of health
and safety risks.
Further information
For inform ation abo ut health and safety
visit https:// books.hse .go v.uk or
http ://www.h se.go v.uk . Yo u can view
HSE guida nce online and ord er priced
public ations fro m the we bsite. HSE
priced publi cat ions are also available
from booksho ps .
To report inconsistencies or
inac curacies in th is guid ance ema il:
commissioning@wlt .co m .
This leaflet contains notes on good
practice which are not compulsory
but which you may find helpful in
considering what you need to do.
This leaflet is available in
priced pack s from HSE Books,
ISBN 978 0 7 176 6668 3.
© Crown copyrigh t 20 17 A ny enq uiries
regardin g this publi cation should be
sent to: co py right@hse.gov .uk
Revised 2017 .
12/ 17
 ROAD TRANSPORT

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
AlGA 039/06

Asia Industrial Gases Association

3 HarbourFront Place, #09-04 HarbourFront Tower 2, Singapore 099254
Tel : +65 62760160 Fax:+6562749379
Internet; http://www .asiaiga.org
 AlGA 039/06

ROAD TRANSPORT
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

Disclaimer
All technical publications of AlGA or under AlGA's name, including Codes of practice, Safety procedures and any other
technical information contained in such publications were obtained from sources believed to be reliable and are based on
technical information and experience currently available from members of AlGA and others at the date of their issuance.

While AlGA recommends reference to or use of its publications by its members, such reference to or use of AlGA's publications
by its members or third parties are purely voluntary and not binding.

There fore, AlGA or its members make no guarantee of the results and assume no liabili ty or responsibility in connection with
the reference to or use of information or suggestions contained in AlGA's publicat ions.

AlGA has no control whatsoever as regards, performance or non performance, misinterpretation , proper or improper use of any
information or sugge stions contained in AlGA's publications by any person or entity (including AlGA members) and AlGA
expressly disclaims any liability in connection thereto.

AlGA's publications are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition .

© AlGA 2006 - AlGA grants permission to reproduce this publication provided the Association is acknowledged as the source

ASIA INDUSTRIAL GASES ASSOCIATION

3 HarbourFront Place, #09·04 HarbourFront Tower 2, Singapore 099254
Tel: +65 62760160 Fax: +6562749379
Internet: http ://www.asiaioa.orq
 AlGA 039/06

Acknowledgement

Materials in this document have been drawn from AlGA members' in-house sources.
AlGA acknowledges the approval granted to use these materials.
 AlGA 039/06

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

2 Scope and purpose 1

3 Road transport emergency preparedness priorities 1

4 Emergency organisation structure and responsibility 2

5 Incident levels and emergency controller 6

6 Media relations 8

6.1 The company spokespe rson 8

6.2 Communicating with the media 8

7 Recovery after the incident 9

8 Emergency contact list and esse ntial information 10

9 Emergency equipment 11

10 References 12

Appendix: Transport emergenc y team organisation chart 13

 AlGA 039/06

1 Introduction

An effective response to a road transport emergency is essential to eliminate the hazards and
lessen their impact if an incident occurs . A Road Transport Emergency Preparedness Plan takes
this one step further by looking at the actions and initiatives that need to be developed prior to any
such incident This process would usually entail the following activities : response planning .
training and practice . and at the time of an incident , doing a risk assessment.

2 Scope and purpose

This document is intended for all persons within and outside the gases industry who may become
involved in a gases industry transport emergency or recovery operation. This may include
transport contractors. emergency service personnel , vehicle recovery operators, and members of
the environmental agency .

The purpose is to provide a framework for the actions and initiatives required of all personnel
involved in handling road transport emergencies. This document does not provide guidance on
the specific remedial actions required for the recovery of the vehicle and/or product. Those
aspects of the emergency response are well covered in EIGA 81/06 'Road vehicle emergency
and recovery'.

An emergency situation is defined as an event where there is either a major transport operational
problem (for example, a fire, major spill or serious traffic incident), or where there is a loss of life
or considerable environmental damage and there is a possibility of media coverage .

Road transport equipment included are road tankers (insulated and vacuum insulated), tank
containers, tube trailers, and cylinder vehicles .

3 Road transport emergency preparedness priorities

Preservation of "life and limb":

This includes the safety of the emergency team members, the general public and all other
personnel involved in emergency handling .
Preventing escalation of the incident:

This includes reducing the disruption caused by the incident.

Minimizing environmental damage:

Most industrial gases products do not create any serious environmental damage, unless as
specified in Material Safety data Sheet of the individual gas.
Minimizing cost:

Minimize costs during emergency handling and the recovery phase,

Media relations :
Although lowest on the priority list, it is important that any media attention is correctly handled
and that the correct internal reporting procedure is followed.
With this in mind, the organisation needs to develop in-house road transport emergency
procedures as part of an emergency preparedness, and train and equip an emergency team to
safely and professionally cope with all possible offsite transport emergencies.
Industrial gas products can be hazardous and a major road incident could lead to a catastrophe
which could considerably affect the business and ruin its public image, if the incident is not
handled promptly and professionally.
Examples of such incidents are:
- Tanker rollover with major liquid oxygen spill.

- Hydrogen tube trailer on fire.

- Cylinder truck incident with major toxic gas leakage .

- Truck incident with flammable cylinder gas explosion .

1
 AlGA 039/06

4 Emergency organisation structure and responsibility

Transport emergencies can occur anywhere and at any time. Therefore, it is critical to the
success of any transport emergency response that an appropriate emergency organisation
structure is set up. All personnel who are members of the emergency response team must be
well trained and competent to handle the situation in as professional a manner as possible .

The areas to be covered include :

• Planning and understanding the lines of communication, both internally and externally.
• Equipment preparedness .
• Stabilization of the emergency at the scene.
• Recovery of the vehicle and equipment.
• Dealing with the media.
• How to quickly return to normal operation .

It is very important that all members clearly understand their duties, responsibilities, and chain of
command . A typical team's structure is shown in the simplified emergency team organisation
chart in Figure 1. The responsibilities for the various team members are briefly described below.

Emergency controller

The emergency controller is the sole person in charge of an emergency situation, to whom all
other emergency team members report. The controller's main duties are:
• On receiving a serious incident report , assesses whether the situation calls for deployment of
the emergency team to the scene of incident.
• Informs key management personnel and company spokesperson of current situation and
reports periodically if the situation escalates .
• Decides whether the situation calls for assistance from public emergency services such as
the fire brigade, highway police, ambulance and transport safety centre. If it does , gives the
order to the emergency co-ordinator to make contact.
• Goes to the scene of the incident , identifies himself/herself as the emergency controller, and
sets up an "Emergency Control Centre " (at a safe distance and up wind from the incident
scene).
• Assesses the situation with the emergency team leader. If needed, the emergency team
leader orders the emergency team into action.
• Instructs public emergency team on what assistance is required from them. Public services
must be briefed on the hazards associated with the transported gas or chemical.
• Handles the media if the company spokesperson is not at the scene.
• Once the emergency situation has been dealt with and is under control, makes the

announcement ending the emergency.

• Ensures a proper clean up operation is done and that the area is safely and environmentally
stable to retum to normal.
• Gathers data for full incident investigation.

Emergency team leader

• Assembles the emergency team members and briefs them on the situation (either at the
plant or at the scene of the incident).
• Assesses the situation and plans how best to tackle the emergency situation.
• Directs the / emergency response team, as required.

2
 AlGA 039/06

• Co-ordinates with the public emergency teams .

• Reports progress to the emergency controller continuously until the situation is under
control.
• Takes control of the recovery (clean up) operation; gets additional assistance or
equipment from the plant or from public services (such as tow trucks and cranes) if
required.

Emergency co-ordinator

• Be the central contact between the emergency team and public services.
• Provides information to top management and sales department.
• Performs any other tasks as instructed by the emergency controller.

Company spokesperson

The company spokesperson is the one and only person in the organisation who will deal with the
media and provide screened information to outsiders . The only exception is the emergency
controller at the scene, who can give preliminary, concise information if the situation demands.

Emergency response team

The emergency response team can be organised as a single team, but it is recommended that it
be divided into:
• Mechanical team
• SCBNGas leak response team (SCBA:self contained breathing apparatus)
• First aid team

A chart identifying the team members should be made available at the scene of the incident. An
example is given in the Appendix.

It is very important that all team members be well trained and back-up members are clearly
identified. There should be regular emergency drills with different scenarios so that the team can
gain experience in dealing with different emergency situations and the usage of emergency
equipment.

Team members should be selected on the following criteria:

• Medically certified where required.

• Live within short distance from the plant so that they can be called up quickly.

• Can be easily contacted both on and off duty.

• Ability and willingness to attend drills and training.

An overview of the emergency response activities flow is shown in Figure 2.

 AlGA 039106

Figure 1: Transport emergency team organisation at the scene of incident

Emergency Controller

f - - - - - - - - - + Company Spokesperson I
I

I
Emergency Team Leader Emergency Advisor
Emergency Co-ordinator
I I

----------------------------------­

I Mechanical Team I Emergency Response Team First Aid Team

I I
. .
- Attend to injured
0 p r <;onc;
- Co-ordinate with
- Cordon off the area
- Read ily wear SCBA ambulan ce/hospital
- Stop spill/contamination and prepare gas detector - Assist mechani cal team
- Assist fire brigade - As sess severity of gas
- Recovery operation leak
- Check emergency - Stop leakage
equipment - Tran sfer gas and
- Handle vehicle recovery transport to safe place

Support Team (external) ___ ............ _ J

- Relevant
government dept.
- Hospitals
Legend
- Public emergency
services
Chain of command
- Experts on
chemicals
- - - - - - Lines of communication

 AlGA 039/06

Figure 2: Emergency response flow diagram

Report accident
By driver or public.

By supervisor or public emergency services.

Receive report
• Customer Service Centre supervisor, emergen cy
controller, emergen cy team, police.

~
Confirm

prelimi nary
•
accident
information Emergency controller, emergen cy team, to
perform risk assessment

Yes
Is it emergency
Emergency
level1?
controller's
instruction

~ No
~
Level 3
What is the level
of emergency
situation?

Inform Relevant
Level 2
1
Government
Officer

Enter

Emergency area
.....f - - - - - - - - - ­ Initial isolation zone and protective action zone .
and Cordon off
Divert traffic.
area

Set up
emergency Set up at safe distance and up wind from incident
control centre scene.

Deal with Put out fire .

fire/spill Stop spill, transfer and relocate.

(fire brigadel
Reduce risk from contamination, gas leakage, and
emergency chemical spill.

team)

Continued on next page

1 5

 AlGA 039/06

Evacuation If gas/chemical leak is above safe

concentration level.

1
First aid First aid at the scene and/or transfer
to hospital.

1
Area recovery
Bring area back to normal

5 Incident levels and emergency controller

Incidents and emergency situations can be divided into three severity levels :

• Level 1 - Minor road incident where there is no detrimental damage and the situation is
unlikely to escalate into a major transport incident.

The supervisor or transport manager can handle the incident with the insurance company and
there is no need to deploy the emergency team. Statistically, most transport incidents are in
this level.

• Level 2 - Serious transport incidents such as tanker rollover, liquefied gas spill, gas release,
or serious vehicle collision with multiple injuries.

The emergency controller deploys the emergency team; however, the situation can be
controll ed internally under the command of the emergency controller without assistance from
government or public emergency services, except possibly from the fire brigade, police or
ambulance service .

• Level 3 - Serious incidents that could potentially escalate into a national disaster emergency
situation , such as a liquid oxygen tanker rollover in a town centre with major gas leakage .

In such events, the highest ranking government officer who arrives (usually the provincial
governor, district governor or head of local disaster prevention agency) will take over as the
emergency controller, after being briefed on the situation by the company emergency
controller. The company emergency controller will then become the emergency advisor and
the company emergency team also stands down but will be ready to assist if ordered by the
new emergency controller, and will work closely with the public emergency teams .

Figure 3 gives an overview of the three levels of incidents and the interactions of the controller at
each level with the other groups involved in the response and recovery work .

6

Figure 3: Emergency handling and authorized controller at each level
I Level 3
- Relevant government
Command
authorities
- State/federal authority
- National agency
- Overseas support
~ Company emergency ............................................
Leader Controller
controller
Give support &
- Local government advice
transport agency
I Level 2
AlGA 039/06
- Emergency Response
Team
- Medical care unit
Provincial Emergency
............................................ ~ llo - Traffic control police
Controller
- Evacuation team
Give support &
advice Provincial Governor or
- Disaster relief section
Appointed Representative
- Public communication
- Other supporting org .
Command
Provincial Emergency Team
- Fire brigade
- Public emergency
Command Handling centre
District officerl Local governor!
- Environmental control
Director -Emergency prevention
dept.
ora.
- Industry experts
Company Emergency Information for acknowledgement to:
Controller ..............................
- Country transport safety centre
- Highway police
Company Emergency Team
Leader
Company Emergency Team
Continued on next page

 AlGA 039/06

I Level 1
Driver Fleet Supervi sor in
reports accident charge handle s with the
insurance company as
...............................
needed

Legend :
---+~ SupportlCommunicate/Co-ordinate

---+~ Command

6 Media relations

Coping with substantial media attention can divert vital resources away from the handling of an
emergency. However, if it is managed unprofessionally the company's public image may be
adversely affected .

Two important objectives of an emergency communications plan to the media are:

• To provide a reliable source of accurate information : give quick, clear, and accurate data to
all interested parties, including the media and the authorities, communities and company
employees.

• To make known all the efforts being made to control the situation and minimize the
consequences. An underlying objective should be to manage communication of the incident
so that the positive elements are stressed and the negative elements are under control.

Caution : Information in this section is not enough for dealing with the media. It is strongly
recommended that multiple persons in the emergency team be trained profes sionally.

6.1 The company spokesperson

A senior person such as the human resource manager or operations manager should be
appointed as the company spokesperson. To avoid the confusion of different information coming
from different sources, make known throughout the organis ation that in a crisis or emergency
situation, only the company spokesperson can communicate with the media and other external
parties.

- Such a person needs to be trained to support the proposed actions .

- Standard information package containing data such as the company profile , properties and risks
associated with the gas being transported , production process, company safety standards, and
transport safety system should be readily available.

6.2 Communicating with the media

The company spokesperson may have to communicate with the media in three types of
situations:
- The first public announcement
- Interviews

 AlGA 039/06

- Press conferences

It is important that a company spokesperson confronted with the media follows these simple rules:

a) Make a clear, complete, factual and truthful statement:

b) Do not underestimate the seriousness of the crisis.

c) Do not overestimate your resources for mastering the situation.

d) Adopt a positive attitude towards journalists; remember you are not on trial.

e) Behave in a responsible, positive and caring way . Do not try and pass the blame to public

authorities , contractors, etc, but take care not to imply legal responsibility.
f) 00 not bluff. If you do not know, say "I do not know ..... but I'll find out."
g) 00 not be drawn by provocative questions, just go over the information calmly and firmly .
h) 00 not speculate on cause , consequences, delays. costs , etc. "This point is being
investigated" is an acceptable reply.
i) Only use diagrams and photos which you have checked and which are clear and appropriate.
D Any press conference should preferably be held by a team . It should be managed and
brought to an end when it is clear that all useful information has been given.

7 Recovery after the incident

• Area recovery

After an emergency situation is dealt with and the emergency controller has announced an
end to the emergency situation, there needs to be an area recovery operation in order to bring
everything back to normal as soon as possible. Ensure that any chemical spill or toxic waste
is cleaned up properly and not left in the area. This includes water from the fire hydrant if it
has been contaminated ; care must be taken to prevent or minimize its flow into nearby
waterways which could have an environmental degradation effect. If the toxins released may
have a harmful effect on the health of the local people , then health checks need to be
conducted by a qualified health expert or doctor.
• Vehicle recovery

If a big vehicle such as a tanker is overturned, care must be taken and an expert member of
the emergen cy team must give proper instructions to the vehicle recovery operator to ensure
no incident occurs during the recovery operation . The person supervising must also ensure
that proper equipment (such as the correct size of crane and slings) is used and the operator
is briefed on the product properties , hazards, safety precautions and PPE required.
Figure 4 shows the functions of various groups of people involved in the recovery work.

9
 AlGA 039/06

Figure 4: Simplified recovery plan after major spill

Responsible parties

- Company team
~ RelocatelTransfer Land transport department
- Environmental control department
- Police
- Industrial hazardous waste disposal
company

- Company team
- Local municipal council
2 Handling - Department of industry
1
Contamination - Health department
- Environmental control department
- Water irrigation department
- Industrial estate authority
- Industrial waste control agency

- Company team
Public Health - Health department
3 - Environmental control
Monitoring
department

- Company spokesperson
Director of municipal
Public I council
Communication I District government

8 Emergency contact list and essential information

It is critical to the success of any transport emergen cy response that the appropriate contact list
and information needed to deal with emergencies are regularly updated, readily available and
tested periodically.

Internal contact list

The contact list should be reviewed carefully to ensure that it includes all personnel who may be
involved when an emergency occurs.

It should include the following personnel at the very least:

- Transport manager and supervisors

- All members of the emergency team

- Key safety department personnel

- Key senior managers

- Key personnel from human resources department

10
 AlGA 039/06

- Key technical personnel from Distribution department

- Key product specialists

- All drivers

- All vehicle maintenance staff

All personnel on the contact list must understand their responsibilities and roles during an
emergency, which must be treated with the highest priority.

External contact Jist

External contact numbers to be made readily available include the following:

- Main police stations

- Fire stations

- Local hospitals and ambulance service

- Local heavy vehicle recovery agents (for cranes, tow trucks , etc.)

- Transport safety centre

- Key public emergency agencies

- Health and safety experts

- Environmental agency

- Local authorities

Essential information for drivers and emergency team

Information needed in the event of an emergency must be readily available in all vehicles
transporting dangerous goods or the emergency team... Examples of such information include:

- Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

- Emergency Response Guide Book

- Transport Emergency Cards (TREMCARDS)

HAZCHEM, ADR Code, UN Number, NFPA Hazard Diamond sign

Proper hazardous goods labelling (refer to Labelling of Gas Containers AlGA 017/05)

9 Emergency equipment

Appropriate transport emergency equipment must be available and appropriately stored to

enable them to be transported to the scene of emergency within a specified time. The
equipment required will vary depending on the hazards associated with the type of dangerous
goods transported, but should include the following , at the very least:

- Emergency vehicle

- Two sets of SCBA and spare oxygen tank

- Appropriate type of gas detector and spare sensors

- Chemical suits

- Spill control kit

- Portable fire extinguishers

- Safety vests

- Walkie talkies

- Tools such as hammer, crowbar, axe etc

- Safety cones and triangles

- PPE

In addition , each member of the emergency team should carry a small transport emergency
response kit containing :

- Hard hat

- Safety goggles

- Cryogenic gloves

11
 AlGA 039/06

- Safety shoes

- Spark-proof torch

- Reflective vest

- Emergency contact list

10 References

AlGA 017/05: Labelling of gas containers (including associated equipment)

EIGA 81/01: Road vehicle emergency and recovery

12
 AlGA 039/06

Appendix: Transport emergency team organisation chart

TRANSPORT EMERGENCY TEAM ORGANIZATION CHART

Emergency Controller

Name ................. ..

, ~pa DY..?po ~ilsp.ersO,rl

Name ....... ....... .....

I Emergency Co-ordinator Emergency Team leader

Emergency Advisor

Name .. ...... .. .........

Name ........ ...... ... ..
Name ....... ..... .......

I
I
I
Asst. Team leader-A
I Asst. Team leader- B I
Name _..................
Nam e ...................

I I

I Combined Emergency Team Members"

I
Mechanical Team
I
Emergency Respons e Team
II First Aid Team I I Driver Team I
.. Please refer to detailed chart

Combined Emergency Team Memb ers""

I I

I I I
I
M echanical Team ~mergenc.)' Response Te.ilm Firs! Aid Team
Driver Team

1. Name . .... ........ .. . ...

Ne arest
1. Name . ......... ....... ..
1. Name .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . ..

2. Name . ..................
Av aila ble Driver
2. Na m e ...................
2. N ame
on the day
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • #0 • • •

Nam e ...................

3. N ame . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. .

3. 3. Name . . ... .. . . .. . . ... .. .

4. Na m e . ..................

4. Nam e ................ ...

4. N ame ...................

5. Name ... . . .. . .. . ... .. ...

5. N ame ...................
5. N ame ...................

6. N am e .. ......... .... ....

6. N ame .... . .. ... ... . .. .. .

6. Name ...................

13

 SAFETY POLICY

ALL STAFF:

It is the policy of (your company) that accident prevention shall be considered of primary
Importance in all phases of operation and administration. It is the intention of our
Management to provide safe and healthy working conditions and to establish and instill
safe practices at all times by all employees. The prevention of accidents is an
objective affecting all levels of our company and its operations.

We strive to maintain a safe place to work and to employ safe workers, it is your responsibility to
conduct your work in a safe, responsible manner, immediately report all accidents occurring on
company premises and job sites to your supervisor.

We have established the following rules :

-Alcohol or drug use on the job is prohibited at all times,

-Removal and bypassing guards on any machine/equipment is prohibited. If you need additional
equipment or modifications, contact your supervisor immediately.

-Seat belts are required for drivers and passengers in company vehieles and in personal vehicles
used on business.

-Advise your supervisor of any hazardous conditions or safety concerns you may have .

-Report all injuries to your supervisor immediately, no matter how minor.

-Your supervisor must authorize non -emergency treatment for accidents, prior to treatment.

Office Staff

AGGRESSION CONTROL PROCEDURES

1. If you perceive no immediate physical threat:
a. Notify other staff members and have a stand-by to render assistance.
b. State clearly who you are, what you can do to help and what your
time limits are as a staff member.
2. If you perceive the possibility of severe physical injury :
a. Assume a non-threatening physical posture and voice tone.
b. State in clear concise terms what you want the individual to do.
c. State what you can do to help.
d. Speak with authority.
 e. Make direct commands .
f. Set a time limit. At the end of set time, seek assistance from a staff
member.
3. If you are assaulted:
a. Discontinue care; leave the area.
b. Report assault to your supervisor.
c. Do not return alone. Bring assistance with you.
4. Breaking up an altercation :
a. Do not attempt to break it up alone.
b. Call for help from staff members or call security.
c. Stay out of the immediate area.
d. Wait for help from at least one other person . Do not intervene alone .

GENERAL RULES:
All Staff
Ergonomics
I. Take periodic rest breaks from repetitive or prolonged activities by standing up and
stretching.
2. Use a chair that is padded, is stable, mobile, swivels and allows operator movement.
Adjust your seat height so your knees are about the same level as your hips.
3. Sit straight up in your chair, and if needed, use a footrest that has an adjustable
height.
4. Keep wrists and hands in a straight position while keystroking by keeping forearms
parallel to the floor and elbows at your sides. Avoid reaching more than 18 inches
for work items.

Housekeeping
I . Do not place materials such as boxes or trash in walkways and passageways.
2 Mop up water around drinking fountains and drink dispensing machines
immediately.
3. Do not store or leave items on stairways .
5. Do not block or obstruct stairwells, exits or accesses to safety and emergency
equipment such as fire extinguishers or fire alarms .
6. Straighten or remove rugs and mats that do not lie flat on the floor. Ensure non-slip
mats are placed correctly and cleaned properly.

Lifting Procedures
1. Plan the move before lifting; ensure that you have an unobstructed pathway.
2. Test the weight of the load before lifting by pushing the load along its resting
surface.
3. If the load is too heavy or bulky, use lifting and carrying aids such as hand trucks,
dollies, pallet jacks and carts, or gets assistance from a co-worker.
4. If assistance is required to perform a lift, coordinate and communicate your
5. movements with those of your co-worker.
5. Position your feet 6 to 12 inches apart with one foot slightly in front of the other.
6. Face the load.
7. Bend at the knees, not at the back.
8. Keep your back straight.
9. Get a firm grip on the object using your hands and fingers. Use handles when they
are present.
10. Hold the object as close to your body as possible.
11. While keeping the weight of the load in your legs stand to an erect position.
12. Perform lifting movements smoothly and gradually; do not jerk the load.
13. If you must change direction while lifting or carrying the load, pivot your feet and
turn your entire body. Do not twist at the waist.
14. Set down objects in the same manner as you picked them up, except in reverse.
IS. Do not lift an object from the floor to a level above your waist in one motion. Set
the load down on a table or bench and then adjust your grip before lifting it higher.
16. Never lift anything if your hands are greasy or wet.
17. Wear protective gloves when lifting objects that have sharp comers or jagged edges.

Vehicle Safety
Motor Vehicle Records:
Periodically, not to exceed annually, review the driving history of all employees
authorized to operate vehicles in the course of their employment with your company
by obtaining current motor vehicle reports (MVR). At a minimum, your company
should obtain Motor Vehicle Reports (MVR) at hire and annually for each driver.

Driver Reference Checks:

Conduct reference checks to include driving performance as a standard part of your
new employee selection practice whenever the prospective employee will be
authorized to operate vehicles in the course of their employment with your company.
The results of your reference checks should be documented as part of your fleet
management practices.

Lack of Policy or Procedures for Minimum Driving Experience Requirement:

Implement a minimum driving experience requirement of at least 5 years as part of
your selection criteria before hiring drivers or authorizing employees to operate
vehicles in the course of their employment with your company.

Driver Performance Capabilities:

• Motor vehicle record reviews to identify accidents and violations
• Additional assessments as needed to assure continues safe performance such
as reaction times and visual /auditory acuity
• Knowledge of company driver safety procedures

Acceptable MVR Criteria:

 Develop written driver history acceptance standards for all drivers for the past 3 full
years of driving history. The following acceptability criteria should be used as a
model in developing your own minimum acceptability criteria:
1. Maximum of either 2 moving violations or 2 accidents or combination thereof
2. No suspension or revocation of driving privileges
3. Driver has been licensed for more than 3 years
4. No serious violations as follows:
• Speeding over 20 MPH of posted speed limit
• Leaving the scene of an accident
• Reckless driving
• Driving under the influence of drug s or alcohol
• Driving while intoxicated
• Refusing a drug I alcohol test
• Negligent homicide arising from the use of a motor vehicle
• Using a motor vehicle for the commission of a felony
• Racing on public roads
• Driving with a suspended license
• Fleeing and Eluding

OFFICE SAFETY
General Rules
1. Do not stand on furniture to reach high places .
2. Use the ladder or step stool to retrieve or store items that are located above your
head.
3. Do not jump from ladders or step stools .
4. Do not block your view by carrying large or bulky items; use the dolly or hand truck
or get assistance from a fellow employee.
5. Do not throw matches , cigarettes or other smoking materials into trash baskets .
6. Do not tilt the chair you are sitting in. Keep all chair legs on the floor.
7. Do not kick objects out of your pathway; pick them up or push them out of the way.

Doors
l. Keep doors in hallways fully open or fully closed .
2. Use the handle when closing doors.

Open only one file cabinet drawer at a time. Close the filing cabinet drawer you are
working in before opening another filing drawer in the same cabinet.
2. Put heavy files in the bottom drawers of file cabinet s.
3. Use the handle when closing drawers and files .
Sharp Objects
1. Store sharp abjects, such as pens, pencils, and letter openers or scissors in drawers or
with the tips pointing down in a container.
2. Carry pencils, scissors and other sharp objects with the tips pointing down.

Paper Cutter/Shredder
1. Position hands and fingers on the handle of the paper cutter before pressing down on
the blade.
2. Keep the paper cutter handle in the closed or locked position when it is not being
used.
3. Do not use paper-cutting devices if the finger guard is missing.
4. Do not place your fingers in or near the feed of a paper sJrredder.

Staplers
1. Point the ejector slot away from yourself and bystanders when refilling staplers.
2. Keep fingers away from the ejector slot when loading or testing stapling devices.
3. Use a staple remover, not your fingers, for removing staples.

Electrical
1. Do not use frayed, cut or cracked electrical cords.
2. Do not plug multiple electrical cords into a single outlet.
3. Do not use extension or power cords that have the ground prong removed or broken
off.
4. Use a cord cover or tape the cord down when running electrical cords across aisles ,
between desks or across entrances or exits.

Fans
1. Do not use fans that have excessive vibration, frayed cords or missing guards.
2. Do not place floor type fans in walkways, aisles or doorways.

Stairs
1. Use the handrails when ascending or descending stairs or ramps.
2. Do not store or leave items on stairways.
3. Do not run on stairs or take more than one step at a time.

LADDERS AND STEPLADDERS

1. Read and follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper setup & ladder use.
Inspect the ladder regularly.
2. Do not use ladders that have loose rungs, cracked or split side rails, missing rubber
foot pads, or are otherwise visibly damaged.
3. Keep ladder rungs clean and free of grease. Remove buildup of material such as dirt
or mud.
4 . Do not use a metal ladder on rooftops nor within 50 feet of electrical power lines.
5. Do not place ladders in a passageway or doorway without posting warning signs or
cones that detour pedestrian traffic away from the ladder. Lock the doorway that
you are blocking and post the sign "Detour".
 6. Allow only one person on the ladder at a time.
7. Face the ladder when climbing up or down it.
8. Maintain a three-point contact by keeping hands and one foot or both feet and one
hand on the ladder at all times when climbing up or down the ladder.
9. When performing work from a ladder, face the ladder and do not lean backward or
sideways from the ladder.
10. Do not stand on the top two rungs of any ladder.
11. Do not stand on a ladder that wobbles, or that leans to the left or right.
12. When using a ladder, extend the top of the ladder at least 3 feet above the edge of the
landing.
13. Secure the ladder in place by having another employee hold it.
14. Do not move a rolling ladder while someone is on it.
15. Do not place ladders on barrels, boxes, loose bricks, pails, concrete blocks or other
unstable bases.
16. Do not carry items in your hands while climbing up or down a ladder.
17. Do not try to "walk" a ladder by rocking it. Climb down the ladder, and then move
it.
18. Do not use a ladder as a horizontal platform.

FIRST AID PROCED URES

EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS

Safety Coordinator Poison Control
First Aid Fire Department
Ambulance Police
Medical Clinic Clinic Address

Minor First Aid Treatment

First aid kits are stored in the front office and in the employee lounge. If you sustain an
injury or are involved in an accident requiring minor first aid treatment:

Inform your supervisor.

• Administer first aid treatment to the injury or wound.
• If a first aid kit is used, indicate usage on the accident investigation report.
• Access to a first aid kit is not intended to be a substitute for medical attention.

Provide details for the completion of the accident investigation report.

Non-Emergency Medical Treatment

For non-emergency work-related injuries requmng professional medical assistance,
management must first authorize treatment. If you sustain an injury requiring treatment
other than first aid:

• Inform your supervisor.

 Proceed to the posted medical facility. Your supervisor will assist with

transportation, if necessary.

Provide details for the completion of the accident investigation report .

Emergency Medical Treatment

If you sustain a severe injury requiring emergency treatment:

Call for help and seek assistance from a co-worker.

Use the emergency telephone numbers and instructions posted next to the telephone

in your work area to request assistance and transportation to the local hospital

emergency room.

• Provide details for the completion of the accident investigation report.

First Aid Training

Each employee will receive training and instructions from his or her supervisor on our first
aid procedures.
FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS

In aU cases requiring emergency medical treatment, immediately call, or have a co­

worker call, to request

emergency medical assistance.

WOUNDS:

Minor: Cuts, lacerations, abrasions, or punctures

Wash the wound using soap and water; rinse it well.

Cover the wound using clean dressing.

Major: Large, deep and bleeding

Stop the bleeding by pressing directly on the wound, usmg a
bandage or cloth.
• Keep pressure on the wound until medical help arrives.

BROKEN BONES:

Do not move the victim unless it is absolutely necessary.

If the victim must be moved, "splint" the injured area. Use a board,

cardboard, or rolled newspaper as a splint.

BURNS:

Thermal (Heat)
Rinse the burned area, without scrubbing it, and immerse it in cold
water; do not use ice water.
Blot dry the area and cover it using sterile gauze or a clean cloth.
Chemical
• Flush the exposed area with cool water immediately for 15 to 20
minutes.
EYE INJURY:

Small particles
Do not rub your eyes.
Use the corner of a soft clean cloth to draw particles out, or hold the
eyelids open and flush the eyes continuously with water.
Large or stuck particles
If a particle is stuck in the eye, do not attempt to remove it.
Cover both eyes with bandage.
Chemical
Immediately irrigate the eyes and under the eyelids, with water, for
30 minutes.

NECK AND SPINE INJURY:

If the victim appears to have injured his or her neck or spine, or is

unable to move his or her ann or leg, do not attempt to move the
victim unless it is absolutely necessary.

HEAT EXHAUSTION:

Loosen the victim's tight clothing.

Give the victim "sips" of cool water.

Make the victim lie down in a cooler place with the feet raised.

Section V.
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

Accident Investigation Procedures

An accident investigation will be performed by the supervisor at the location where the
accident occurred. The safety coordinator is responsible for seeing that the accident
investigation reports are being filled out completely, and that the recommendations are
being addressed. Supervisors will investigate all accidents, injuries, and occupational
diseases using the following investigation procedures:

Implement temporary control measures to prevent any further injuries to employees.

Review the equipment, operations, and processes to gain an understanding of the

accident situation.

Identify and interview each witness and any other person who might provide clues to
the accident's causes.

• Investigate causal conditions and unsafe acts; make conclusions based on existing
facts.

• Complete the accident investigation report.

• Provide recommendations for corrective actions.

• Indicate the need for additional or remedial safety training.

Accident investigation reports must be submitted to the safety coordinator within 24 hours
of the accident.
 A CCID ENT INVESTIGATION REPORT

REPORT #

COMPANY: ADDRESS :

1. Name of injured: S.S. #:

2. Sex [ ] M I: ] F Age: Date of accident:
3. Time of accident_ _ a.m. _ _ p.m. Da y of accident
4. Employee's job title :
5. Length of experience onjob: (years) (months)
6. Address oflocation where the accident occurred:
7. Nature of injury, Injury type, and Part of the bod y affected :

8. Describe the accident and how it occurred:

9. Cause of the accident:

10. Was personal protective equipment required? [ ] yes [ ] no Was it provided? [ ] yes
I: ] no

W as it being used ? I: ] yes I: ] no If "no" , explain.

Was it being used as trained by supervisor or designated trainer? [ ] yes [ ] no If

"no", explain,

11. Witness(es):

12. Safety training provided to the injured? [J yes [J no Tf"no" , explain.

13. Interim corrective actions taken to prevent recurrence:

14. Permanent corrective action recommended to prevent recurrence:

15. Date of report 19

Prepared by:

Supervisor (Signature) Date:

16. Status and follo w-up action taken by safety coordinator:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING THE ACCIDENT iNVESTIGATION REPORT

An accident investigation is not designed to fmd fault or place blame but is an analysis of
the accident to determine causes that can be controlled or eliminated.

(Items 1-6) Identification: This section is self-explanatory.

(Item 1) Nature of Injury: Describe the injury, e.g., strain, sprain, cut, bum , fracture.
Injury Type: First aid -injury resulted in minor injury/treated on premises; Medical- injury
treated off premises by physician; Lost time -injured missed more than one day of work; No
Injury - no injury, near-miss type of incident. Part of the Body : Part of the body directly
affected, e.g., foot, arm, hand, head.

(Item 8) Describe the accident: Describe the accident, including exactly what happened,
and where and how it happened. Describe the equipment or materials involved.

(Item 9) Cause of the accident: Describe all conditions or acts which contributed to the
accident, i.e.,
a. unsafe conditions - spills, grease on the floor, poor housekeeping or other
physical conditions.

b. unsafe acts - unsafe work practices such as failure to warn, failure to use
required personal protective equipment.

(Item 10) Personal protective equipment: Self-explanatory

(Item 11) Witness(es): List name(s), addres sees), and phone number(s).

(Item 12) Safety training provided: Was any safety training provided to the injured

related to the work activity being performed?

(Item 13) Interim corrective action: Measures taken by supervisor to prevent recurrence

of incident, i.e., barricading accident area, posting warning signs, shutting down operations.

(Item 14): Self-explanatory

(Item 15): Self-explanatory

(Item 16) Follow-up: Once the investigation is complete, the safety coordinator shall
review and follow-up the investigation to ensure that corrective actions recommended by the
safety committee and approved by the employer are taken, and control measures have been
implemented.