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Inter System Cell Reselection Optimization in Umts PDF
Inter System Cell Reselection Optimization in Umts PDF
Andrea Garavaglia Christopher Brunner', Dino Flore', Ming Yang', Francesco Pica
,
RLA - QoffsetlGsm > Qrxlevmeas(serving cell) + Qhyst1, (3a) For each scenario, several runs along a metric route selected
to best characterize the specific deployment scenario have been
RLA - QoffsetjGsM> Qrxlevmeas(monitored cells) - Qoffset1n (3b) made to collect measurements. Table III classifies the scenarios
for Treselection seconds, the UE reselects to that GSM cell. in terrns of RF environment and mobility.
B. GSM to WCDMA (G2W) cell reselection TABLE III. CLASSIFICATION OF MEASURED DATA
During idle mode operations in GSM, WCDMA cells are Scenario RF environment and mobility
measured when the RLA of the serving cell is lower (or higher, * WCDMA coverage with high Ec/N.o for a given RSCP
depending on the setting) than the parameter Qsearch l [5]. If (fewer base stations at boundary to cause interference: less
measurements are made, the reselection criterion is evaluated interference)
and the UE reselects to a suitable WCDMA cell if the following * Gradual fading of WCDMA signal strength when moving
conditions hold for a period of 5 seconds [3-5]:
Network- into GSM only coverage
* the CPICH RSCP of the candidate WCDMA cell is at least Boundary * Sub-urban area, Vehicular channel, average speed of 20
FDD_Qoffset dB better than the RLA of the serving and of km/h
all suitable non-serving GSM cells * Dominant pilot in WCDMA coverage
* the CPICH Ec/No of the candidate WCDMA cell is equal * Measurements for the G2W direction are obtained by
or greater than the parameter FDD_Qmin reversing the time axis (see Section IV)
TABLE II. GSM TWCDMA CELL RESELECTION PARAMETERS WCDMA coverage with low Ec/No for a given RSCP (base
*
stations all around: more interference)
Quantity J Description Source
Coverage- * Urban environment, Vehicular channel, average speed of 25
FDD_Qmin Minimum CPICH Ec/No threshold [dB] broadcast Hole km/h with large speed variations between runs
Qsearch_I WCDMA measurement threshold [dB] broadcast * Measurements are collected while crossing the hole area in
both forward and reverse directions
FDD Qo]fset RLA offset for WCDMA ranking [dB] broadcast
* WCDMA coverage with medium Ec/No for a given RSCP
Although the above conditions may be fulfilled, the (base stations all around but UE is closer to one: medium
WCDMA cell might not meet the suitability criteria of equation level of interference)
(2) if the CPICH RSCP is too weak, thus causing the UE to * Entering and walking down a large indoor corridor of a large
return to GSM ("G2W-reject"). During a G2W-reject, a loss in commercial building
service availability may occur (i.e. pages are not received nor is Entering-
a-building * Abrupt decrease in WCDMA signal strength when moving
access possible during the time the UE attempts the reselection from WCDMA into GSM only coverage
to WCDMA). If, on the other hand, the above conditions are
* Dominant pilot in WCDMA coverage, Pedestrian channel,
fulfilled and a suitable WCDMA cell is found, the phone may average speed of 3 km/h
return to GSM after a short time ("ping-pong"), also impacting
service availability. In fact, each time an inter-system cell * Measurements from indoor (GSM) to outdoor (WCDMA)
are obtained by reversing the time axis (see Section IV)
reselection takes place, the UE has to perform location area and
routing area updates. These procedures can last several seconds
and during this time the service will not be available. IV. SIMULATION PLATFORM
The outlined cell reselection scheme is based on the 3GPP Our simulation platform imports channel measurement data
Release 99 standard. A fixed RSCP based threshold for G2W from a test phone. A standard compliant UE performing
reselection has been added, as optional UE feature, to the intra-frequency and inter-system cell reselection is emulated
standard [5] to mitigate some of the parameter setting and the output is aligned with the real UE performance.
constraints. Because most UEs in the market do not implement it,
this feature is not considered in the sequel. Only WCDMA channel measurements are imported, while
we assume a constant good coverage with an RLA of -75 dBm
for the GSM system. Moreover, we do not model different GSM
III. FIELD MEASUREMENTS cells. As a consequence, cell reselections within the GSM
For the purpose of this study, field measurements have been system, which may delay G2W reselection, are not modeled
collected in three different inter-system handover scenarios in either. The impact on the results should be very limited due to
commercial UMTS networks in Europe. The networks were the larger size of GSM cells in the 900 MHz band and due to the
lightly loaded and characterized by a low base station density. fact that only a limited portion of the metric route is recorded
Both factors lead to higher Ec/No measurements for any given outside of WCDMA coverage.
RSCP and vice versa. The network-boundary scenario is
characterized by the loss of WCDMA coverage when leaving Intra-system cell reselections and bad RF conditions can
the WCDMA region. The coverage-hole scenario represents potentially delay the completion of the location area and routing
areas inside the WCDMA region that are subject to bad outdoor area update procedures. For simplicity, we assume a constant
WCDMA coverage. The entering-a-building scenario implies delay obtained by averaging the values extracted from the field
bad indoor WCDMA coverage within a WCDMA area. data.
The features listed below significantly reduce the amount of TABLE IV. PARAMETER SET FOR INTER-SYSTEM CELL RESELECTfON
drive testing required for sufficient statistics (conventionally, Parameter Setting Comments
performance metrics are collected once every DRX cycle
directly from the UE): -115. -113,--111 In this RF, main driver for W2G
Qrx/evmin LdBm] reselection
* Channel measurements are logged at a much higher rate To avoid ping pong:
SsearchRAT+
than one sample per DRX cycle. By shifting the starting -14 [dB] FDD_Qmin > SsearchRA T+
point by a few milliseconds (i.e. longer than the channel
Qqzialmin Qqualmin
~~~~~~Qquialmin
coherence time) and sampling once per DRX cycle, we In this RF, secondary driver for
gain many realizations of the measured multi-path channel Qqztalmin Qqualmin -18 [dB] ~W2G reselection
from one measurement run.
Qoffset1,+Qhvst1s 3 [dB] Equation (3) is generally
fulfilled
* Different parameter settings can be evaluated based on the
same field data. Treselection I [s] Common to intra-frequency cell
reselection
* The time axis of the field data can be reversed to emulate FDD_Qmin -12, -10, -8 [dB] Drives G2W cell reselection
an identical measurement run in opposite direction. This
facilitates a side-by-side comparison between the G2W Qsearch I Always measure W To prioritize WCDMA
and W2G cell reselection schemes. FDD_Qoffset -infinite To prioritize WCDMA
~~G.tWG .1 .111)
.8 .... .... .
G.'W G-(>WG,
--1 l)+
C. Entering-A-Building Scenario .9
In the entering-a-building scenario, the results are given for -10, ...............
G->WG (-12, -1 13).
......................
. .........................
1 -11
................. ....
LU .12
similar to the network-boundary case. In both cases, 0
:..... .......
user velocity compensates for the quick drop. As indicated in
Figure 7, a medium interference level and Ec/No values can be -15 ... ...
observed, due to one dominant pilot and several nearby cells. -16 .. *.W13>G(1.
6 113i)
The tail of the RSCP distribution is relatively low on the -17 1...........
WG -G direction especially for low Qrxlevmin settings. *WG- >G (- 12, l1l5......
5 -
-i
-lb
Therefore, as in the network-boundary scenario, a Qrxlevmin of 22 -120 -118 -116 -114 -112 -110 -108 -106 -104 -102 -100
-11 ldBm is recommended. Figure 8 indicates that a high 1 %-tile of RSCP
FDD Qmin is most effective in reducing inter-system Figure 1: WCDMA serving cell quality in dB versus strength in dBm
reselections and G2W-rejects while maximizing the service network-boundary scenario
availability. In addition, a high FDD Qmin = -8 dB improves 07r ............................. .... .......... .......
the tail of the RSCP distribution at the expense of a slight 4G->WG (-12, -1:1 1 )
reduction in WCDMA idle mode coverage, especially in indoor
areas. As in the network-boundary scenario, most reselections in
0.5-
WG -G direction are triggered by unsuitability (cf. Figure 9).
Note that a stationary indoor UE close to a site may experience - (-10, 1
.7->WG (-l 1, -1:1 3)
high Ec/Io values for low RSCP and may require an even higher G->W(1S (-I 0, -11 )
FDD_Qmin to avoid frequent G2W-rejects. 0 3 .................... ...
06
REFERENCES E:' 0.75
.G->WG (-12,-1 15)
[1] 3GPP TS 25.304, "User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode and .G>1 WG (-12.-113)
0.7
procedures for cells reselection in connected mode"
G->WG(-8 ,C1 -111)
[2] 3GPP TS 25.133, "Requirements for support of radio resource 0.66 ... ...
management"
[3] 3GPP TS 04.18, "Mobile radio interface layer 3 specification, Radio 0.1
Resource Control Protocol" 02 03 0.4 0.5 0.6 07 08 09
0 I
WN2)G tnggered by unsuitability versus total W2G tniggers
[4] 3GPP TS 03.22, "Functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode
and group receive mode" Figure 3: WCDMA idle mode coverage in percent versus W2G triggered
[5] 3GPP TS 05.08," Radio subsystem link control" by unsuitability relative to all W2G triggers
[6] D. Flore, C. Brunner, F. Grilli, V. Vanghi, "Cell Reselection Parameter
Optimization in UMTS", submitted to ISWCS 2005
-17
-.B--4j-12 -115~~~~~~~~~~~~B>A:(12 -13)- G S->V(10 111
LU
B->A12, 113)
c'-17.5
-15
Figure 4: WCDMA serving cell quality in dB versus strength in dBm Figure 7: WCDMA serving cell quality in dB versus strength in dBm
coverage-hole scenario
0.5
entering-a-building scenano
*A->5 (-12, 1li) o>WG3(-12,-111)
0 18 0.45-
0.4-
0.14- 0.35-
o- 03-
co
3~0.25-
c-ri
'2 0-08 t0 092
WG->WG (-12,-113):
*.*A.R(J2.113) ~~~~~~~~B->A
(- 12-1 1 1 0.15
0.1 ...................
WG->G(8,-11) , W >WG
(-12; -115
A*>->8(-10--111)1. 0 05 G 'NG 1 1) WG.->Gi21f -jilt
(.8,
002
r L . -V v k-'- , -, ir u i
2 2.5 3 3.5 1.1S 1-2 1 .25 1.3 1.35 1.4
# of inter-system resetectrons #of inter-system resietections
Figure 5: Number of G2W-rejects versus number of inter-system cell Figure 8: Number of G2W-rejects versus number of inter-system cell
reselections reselections
0 8
4-B5>A(1 2,. 115) 8.2 G-WG (12. -:115) -
2o 0~9 ... -.. A...-.. .....113). 0
-*G.-->WGf(-12, 113)
5.' *~~~~~~~~~B->A(-12,~-111) *G4>WG (1.l2, -1 11)
*8> A(110,- 1 11)
*B->A (-8,-.11 1)
,G->WGS (-8, -11 1)
n R
0.6
0.4 0.5 06 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.2 0 0.3 0.4 0-1 0.5 086 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
WV2i triggered by unsuitatility per total W2Gl triggers iAV2G triggered by orisoitability versos total WN2G triggers
Figure 6: WCDMA idle mode coverage in percent versus W2G triggered Figure 9: WCDMA idle mode coverage in percent versus W2G triggered
by unsuitability relative to all W20 triggers by unsuitability relative to all W2G triggers