3G/WCDMA Introduction -2

August 11th, 2016

Erbil, Iraq
Cell Reselection
Cell Reselection

Cell Reselection is
the process of
moving a mobile
user from one cell
to another on idle
mode

Cell early left called

the source cell,
while destination
cell is called by the
target cell
Cell Reselection
3G –3G Cell Reselection

On 3G-3G Cell Reselection, UE would rank WCDMA cell based on the following criteria where
are often referred to as S Criteria.

Squal = CPICH_Ec/No - qQualMin > 0 dan

Srxlev = CPICH_RSCP - qRxLevMin - Pcompensation> 0
Pcompensation = max( maxTxpowerUI - maximum UE power, 0)

All cells that meet S Criteria then would be rank by R Criteria

Rserving = CPICH_Ec/No + qHyst2

Rneighbour = CPICH_Ec/No - qOffset2sn

Cell reselection process will happens if the new cell meets the criteria for cell reselection during
a time interval treSelection.
Cell Reselection
3G –3G Cell Reselection

Switching cell
reselection
indicated by
the dotted line
in black.
Cell Reselection
3G –3G Cell Reselection
Parameter
SintraSearch serves
to minimize ping-
pong cell reselection
by giving a certain
value limit on the
cell cell, when Ec/No
> SintraSearch it will
not proceed the
process of cell
reselection.
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection

WCDMA serving cell will start a measurement of GSM cell when CPICH Ec/No < QqualMin +
Ssearch_RAT.

Start

GSM cell measurement available If :

CPICH Ec/No < QqualMin + Ssearch_RAT

First ranking of all the cells based on CPICH

Rs = Serving WCDMA cell calculation,
RSCP (WCDMA) and RxLevel (GSM)
with hysteresis parameter
Rank (s) = CPICH RSCP + Qhyst1 (WCDMA)
Rank (n) = CPICH_RSCP(n) – qOffset1sn
Rn = Neighbour WCDMA or GSM cell
(WCDMA)
calculation with offset parameter
Rank (n) = RxLev(n) - qOffset1sn (GSM)

1
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection

Rank (n)
higher in
GSM Cell

Cell re-selection to
GSM
Second ranking only for WCDMA cells
based on CPICH Ec/No
Rank (s) = CPICH Ec/No + Qhyst2
Rank (n) = CPICH Ec/No -qOffset2sn

Cell re-selection to
WCDMA cell of
highest R value.
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection

Cell Reselection
rules relating to the
parameters
Sintrasearch,
Sintersearch and
Ssearch_Rat
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection >> Qsearch Parameter

In 2G Database parameter,
there are three Qsearch
parameters namely
Qsearch_I for idle mode,
Qsearch_P for packet
mode, Qsearch_C for
dedicated mode. For the
case of cell reselection
parameter is used
Qsearch_I.
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection >> FddQoffset

Above table is actual value of the parameter

FddQoffset (Nokia). As For the value 1 to 15, every
increasing value would be at odds 4 dBm. The
recommended value for FddQoffset is infinity or
the effect of these parameters on-disable for cell
reselection process from 2G to 3G.
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection >> FddQmin

Here is a table of actual value and the value of the

parameter FddQmin (Nokia). FddQmin value will
vary from -6 dB to -20 dB.
Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection >> Other Consideration

But it should be noted the following points :

 When UE served by 3G networks, GSM Measurement will be done when the

CPICH Ec/No is below Ssearch_Rat + Qqualmin.

 When UE served by GSM, Cell reselection is likely to occur if CPICH Ec/No is above
FddQmin

Therefore, to avoid the occurrence of ping-pong between 3G and GSM, the following
conditions must be met:

FddQMin >= QqualMin + Ssearc_Rat

Cell Reselection
3G –2G Cell Reselection >> Other Consideration
Handover
Handover
HO Concepts

Handover is the process of moving a UE from one cell to another on dedicated

mode.

Handover serves to maintain a connection during dialing when a mobile user is

out of range cell source.

There are several criteria that led to the handover include a weak signal in the
cell source which has passed through a predetermined threshold, the lack of
good quality, etc.

At the time of the handover, a connection with the source cell is disconnected
and transferred to the target cell and therefore handover process is very
complex and critical to the GSM system.
Handover
WCDMA HO Type
Handover Types
In WCDMA systems
provide the capability to
handover good for CS
(Circuit / voice) service
and the PS (Packet /
data) services, and also
services that are
handled by the GSM
system to a WCDMA
system and vice versa
from WCDMA to GSM
system.
Soft Handover
An inter-cell handover occurs with the same
carrier frequency.
Softer Handover
Handover occurs between sectors in one cell
with the same carrier frequency and Node B
Hard Handover
In this type of termination with the traffic
channel long before the new relationship. Type
handover is used in GSM cellular system in which
each cell using a different frequency band. In
WCDMA hard handover occurs on systems where
dual mode WCDMA system operated jointly with
other access radio systems such as GSM or
WCDMA FDD among systems but with a different
carrier frequency
Handover
Soft Handover (SHO)

Compared with conventional hard handover, soft handover has some

advantages, namely to eliminate the ping-pong effect, the transfer of traffic
smoother, without the temporary suspension during the handover and can
reduce the probability of blocking and dropping calls.

But it also has shortcomings in terms of complexity, like extra power

consumption, and also increase the interference due to the presence of soft
handover of a UE at the same time can use power resources more than one
node B and sharing resource with other EU.
 Handover
Soft Handover (SHO) >> event 1A (addition)

Event 1A also
called radio
link addition

Event 1A happens if CPICH Ec/No > best pilot CPICH Ec/No - reportingRange1a +
hysteresis 1a/2 and lasts for a period of timeToTrigger1a and active set is not full,
then the cell is added to the active set Event
 Handover
Soft Handover (SHO) >> event 1C (addition)

Event 1C or
combined
radio link
addition and
removal

When Active
set is not full
then the cell C
is added to
the active set

1C Event occurs if CPICH Ec/No > worst pilot CPICH Ec/No + hysteresis 1c/2 and
lasts for a period of timeToTrigger1c both active set member already full or not
full-3 cells, then the cells are added to the active set.
Handover
Soft Handover (SHO) >> event 1C (addition and removal)

When Active
full sets then
replace the
cell D cell C
 Handover
Soft Handover (SHO) >> event 1B (remove)

Event 1B also
called radio
link removal.

Event 1B occurs if CPICH Ec/No < best pilot CPICH Ec/No - reportingRange1b
-hysteresis 1b/2 and lasts for a period of timeToTrigger1b, then the cells are
removed from the active set.
 Handover
Soft Handover (SHO) >> event 1D (replace)

Event 1D occur if CPICH Ec/No > best pilot CPICH Ec/No + hysteresis 1d/2 and
lasts for a period of two cell timeToTrigger1ddan still listed as an active member
of the cell set will replace the best active set.
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover

In WCDMA hard handover occurs on systems where dual mode WCDMA system
operated jointly with other access radio systems such as GSM or WCDMA FDD
among systems but with a different carrier frequency

In IRAT handover or handover from 3G systems to 2G systems there are several

criteria that can be a trigger that is RSCP, EcNo, UE TX Power and good GSM
Coverage.
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover

EU will start compressed mode if the conditions best active set (3G network)
meets one of the following criteria :

• CPICH Ec/No < event 2d Ec/No threshold or

• CPICH RSCP < event 2d RSCP threshold or
• UeTxPower > event 6a threshold

EU will stop compressed mode if the conditions best active set (3G network)
meet all the following criteria :

• CPICH Ec/No > event 2f Ec/No threshold and

• CPICH RSCP > event 2f RSCP threshold and
• UeTxPower < event 6b threshold
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover

EU will start handover attempt (event 3a) if it meets one of the following
criteria :

• If the event compressed mode CPICH Ec/No (2d EcNo) has been triggered
and Rx Level of GSM that BSIC been verified > gsmThresh3a and CPICH
EcNo < threshold Ec/No event 3a.

• If the event compressed mode CPICH RSCP (2d RSCP) has been triggered
and Rx Level of GSM that BSIC been verified > gsmThresh3a and CPICH
RSCP < threshold RSCP event 3a.

• If the event compressed mode UE TX Power (event 6a) has been triggered
and Rx Level of GSM that BSIC been verified > gsmThresh3a and CPICH
RSCP < RSCP threshold event 3a with modifications.
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover >> Compressed Mode

Compressed
mode Start

Upon entering the phase of the compressed mode then measurement control in the EU consist
of list of GSM cell to be monitored. The GSM list identified by the BCCH ARFCN and BSIC.

UE starts RSSI measurement of all GSM frequencies and identify the best of 8 cell.

BSIC decoding for all the best of 8 cell starts from the strongest RSSI.

BSIC confirmed from each cell

After the list of GSM cell obtained, BSIC has been in-decoding and confirmed, having RSSI above
gsmThreshthreshold and UMTS RSSI level below the threshold of Ec/No or RSCP 3a. Then It will
be pitch-trigger event 3a.

IRAT HO
Execution
Handover
IRAT Handover / ISHO / 3G –2G Handover >> Compressed Mode
Change Requested
WPAR_TO0001_WCell AC-2016-02-04

RncId WBTSId LcrId RNCName name CPICHtoRefRABoffset

1 6020 2 BSRNC01 UBA6020B -25

WPAR_TO0005_WCell AC-2016-03-06
OLD NEW
RncId WBTSId LcrId HSDPA64QAMallowed HSDPA64QAMallowed
1 6010 1 0 1
Thank you