3G/RF Planning

October 17th, 2016

Erbil, Iraq
RF Planning
RF Planning

Used by RF Optimization
and Drive test team.

Site Data from Planning

(Engineering Parameter)
As for OSS and Core team
RF Planning Scope of Work
Key Factor
Type of Subscriber : Type of
If we run out of
service users what they want
resources then the
(Voice / Video / PS / HSDPA or a
code can lead to the
combination of these), user
blocking code.
mobility rate, number of calls, etc.

If one of the
spreading codes being
used in one branch
which is located
underneath, then the
code can not be used.
Spreading Factor
Spreading Factor
is ratio between
chip rate (W) and
symbol (R).

SF = W/R

The greater Spreading factor that can

The smaller bits of information transmitted
be used lead to high number of users
then the spreading factor used can be
who can access the network and vice
larger and vice versa.
versa.
Spreading Factor…
Important Physical
Channel
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH), SF = 256

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH), SF = variabel depend on data

service Common Pilot Channel (CPICH), SF = 256

Synchronization Channel (SCH), SF = 256

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (Primary CCPCH), SF = 256

Scrambling Code

Next step after This code is useful for

spreading is distinguishing MS
scrambling that one with another
process. This process not
MS in the uplink and
reduces bandwidth,
also to distinguish
it’s only for
nodeB one with the
distinguish signals
other side nodeB in
from different
the downlink.
sources.
Scrambling Code…
Channel Type
3G Channel Type
Layering Concepts

• Radio Link Control (RLC). Set up mechanisms that ensure the

delivery of data sent to the destination.

• Medium Access Control (MAC). Allow some information to be

transmitted via a single physical channel.

• Physical Layer (Layer 1). Transmits the information that has been
combined with the WCDMA air interface (Uu)

Radio Link Control (RLC) associated to logical channel, Medium Access

Control (MAC) associated to transport channel dan Physical Layer (Layer 1)
associated to physical channel.
3G Channel Type…
Layering CS Domain

(a) Control Plane and

(b) User Plane
3G Channel Type…
Layering PS Domain

(a) Control Plane and

(b) User Plane
3G Channel Type…
Layering PS Domain, HSDPA Architecture

User Plane Only

3G Channel Type…
3G Channel Type…
• Some of the physical channel as SCH (Synchronization Channel) and CPICH
(Common Pilot Channel) are not mapped to the transport channel. Due to this channel
only support the physical layer, there is no actual data is transmitted to the layer above
the physical channel.

• Physical channels is used in the encoding process and the process of closed loop power
control. While the transport channel is used on some channel critical measurement as
the target BLER or SIR.

• Some of the physical channel as AICH (Acquisition Indicator Channel), PICH

(Paging Indicator Channel), DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel), HS-
SCCH (High Speed Shared Control Channel) and HS-DPCCH (High Speed
Dedicated Physical Control Channel) are not directly mapped to the transport
channel, but that physical channel carries information related to the physical layer
procedures.
Transmission Power
Transmission Power
• The default transmission power specifically determined by the vendor.

• In the initial phase of planning, transmission power of the traffic channel and control
channel needs to be defined.

• The greater the power on the control channel, the better Eb / No and clicking improve
coverage.

• The greater power of the traffic would increase capacity of the cell.

• Rule of thumb: 15 -20% total power used for the DL control channel.
Transmission Power
Primary CPICH
• Primary CPICH (P-CPICH) is transmitted continuously without power control.

• If the Power P-CPICH received are not included in the EU's active set, then the power
received will be considered as interference. Known as pilot pollution.

• Coverage of a cell is determined by the transmission power of the P-CPICH.

• Changes in the HP-CPICH power can affect coverage, capacity and SHO behavior and
also the level of interference.

• Percentage of P-CPICH power is approximately 5% -20% of the maximum

transmission power from a node-B.
CHANNEL ELEMENT
Baseband Processing/Channel
Element Utilization
• Channel Element is data to measure the logical resource used for baseband
processing service

 The amount of the maximum capacity of the

baseband processing at the BTS / Node B will
depend on the capacity of the installed hardware
System Module (UL and DL) on NodeB.
 Each service which is used, would be
calculated as resource that is used both on
the DL and UL.
 Resource used for each service processing
depending on the size Spreading Factor
(SF) of that service.
 The smaller SF or the larger bitrate of each
service, then the greater its CE resource
needed.
COVERAGE VS CAPACITY
WCDMA Cell Breathing

When the number of users in a

The changing power Cell Breathing cell is low (low load) then a
needs of any changes in occurs because of good signal quality can be
service or the number the trade off obtained though at great
of users on a 3G
between leverage distances from nodeB. When
network system causes
and capacity the number of users in a cell
the phenomenon Cell
(high load), there will be
Breathing.
shrinkage coverage.

“soft capacity/cell breathing” that happened on WCDMA system is the causes of the
number of users more difficult to calculate in real condition.
Coverage VS Capacity
Thank you