Eutropius’ Hannibal

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and

Commentary

Beta Edition 2019

Geoffrey Steadman
Eutropius’ Hannibal
Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Beta Edition

© 2019 by Geoffrey D. Steadman

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The Latin text comes from Book III of Eutropius’ Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita,
originally edited by F. Ruehl (Teubner, 1887).

ISBN-13: 978-0-9991884-1-5

Published by Geoffrey Steadman

Cover Design: David Steadman

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Running Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal
The following list includes all words i that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words in a
running vocabulary list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs in the
commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be
reviewed before using the commentary. An alphabetized list is included in the glossary.
Page 1
ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33
annus, -ī m.: year, 12
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18
Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11
Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4
cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10
contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5
Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4
cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25
dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8
etiam: also, even, besides, 11
exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9
Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48
Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9
hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9
Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15
in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38
intereā: meanwhile, 7
is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33
lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6
mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14
P.: Publius, 7
per: through, over, across, 7
que: and, as well, 7
quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26
Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28
sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9
Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5
sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47
ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11
Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2
amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1
nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2
pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3
populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2
Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3
tum: then, at that time, 3
iii
Page 2
ad: to, toward; near, 23
apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6
castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6
cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16
eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6
et: and, also, even, 38
ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7
Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9
Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14
maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4
multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10
prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4
proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7
pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5
quoque: also, 4
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5
veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11
elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2
septem: seven, 1
Page 3
accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7
Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6
habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4
magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5
mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5
nōbilis, -e: noble, 5
occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8
pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6
quam: than, 4
quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5
tamen: nevertheless, however, 6
urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4
vir, virī m.: man, 4
Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3
ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2
dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2
malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2
nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3
numquam: never, 1
Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3
iv

senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4
servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2
Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1
Page 7
trēs, tria: three, 3
vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1 argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6
Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1
Page 4
duo, duae, duo: two, 2
captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5 fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1
homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4 glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3
interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5 octō: eight, 1
omnis, -e: every, all, 9
Page 8
post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6
pugnō (1): to fight, 6 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2
Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3 animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’
Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3 pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1
possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3
Page 9
quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3
senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3 pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5
tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3 Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1
ubi: where, when, 2 Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1
Page 5 Page 10
condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4 Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6 audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1
Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6 Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1
Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5 vīgintī: twenty, 3
quattuor: four, 4
Page 11
rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4
rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5 centum: hundred, 1
Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12 nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1
Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4 quīnque: five, 1
tempus, -poris n.: time, 4 sed: but, moreover, however, 1
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1
occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1
Page 12
sub: under, beneath (abl), 1
ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2 Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3 ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1
Page 6
Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1
coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1
decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1
ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 1

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum 1

est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum,
Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est,
annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium.
Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is 5
lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut
mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī
gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī
intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs
adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est. 10
VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam
profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum
Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā
frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte
inviās, sibi patefēcit. 15

abstineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1
adficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: afflict, 1
adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2
adhūc: still, 1
admittō, -ere, -mīsī: allow, permit send, 1
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live do, lead, 3
congregō (1): gather together, assemble, 1
dēnūntiō (1): give notice, warn threaten, 1
dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, 1
famēs, -is f.: hunger, 1
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī: inform, declare, appoint, 2
īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2
invius, -a, -um: impassable, 1
mandō (1): entrust, give, commit (dat), 1
nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling, 1
oppugnō (1): capture, by assault, attack, 1
patefaciō, -ere, -fēcī,: open, disclose, 1
poena, -ae, f.: punishment, 1
proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
Pȳrēnaeus, -ī m.: Pyrenee mountains, 1
relinquō, -ere, -uī, -lictum: leave behind, 1
respōnsum, -ī n.: answer, reply, 1
Saguntīnī, -ōrum, m.: Saguntinians (people), 1
Saguntum, -ī n.: Saguntum (town), 1
secundus, -a, -um: second following (acc.), 3
Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3
socius, -ī m.: ally, companion, comrade, 1
Ti.: Tiberius, 1
trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3
ultimus, -a, -um: farthest, last, 1
vīcēsimus, -a, -um: twentieth, 1

1 eōdem annō: in…; abl. time when
inlātum est: pf. pass. īnferō
3 Rōmānīs: dat. of special adj.
4 annum…vīcēsimum: for…; acc. of duration
agēns: living; pres. pple
copiīs congregātīs: abl. abs.
cl mīlium: of…; gen. of measure
5 Huic: dat. ind. obj. hic
ut…abstinēret: ind. command, impf. subj.
bellō: from…; abl. separation
6 Carthāginem: acc. place to which
ut mandārētur: so that…; purpose, impf. subj.
7 nē…gereret: that…not…; neg. Ind. command,
subject of mandārētur
9 ultimīs poenīs: abl. means
10 Carthāginiēnsibus: on…; dat. compound verb
11 profectus est: pf. dep; translate as active
(et) Ti. Semprōnius (profectus est) in
Siciliam: asyndeton and ellipsis; add verb
[Bellum…est.]: the editor recommends that
readers omit this text: likely copied from above
13 relictō…Hasdrubale: abl. abs.
14 (in) eā parte: (in) this…; place where
15 sibi: for…; dat. of interest, reflexive
2 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem 16

et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī
Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad
Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum
trāiēcit. 20
IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō
proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius
Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque
vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam
veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium 25
interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt.
Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius
Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox
inventā occāsiōne vīcit.

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead to, 1
adventus, -ūs m.: arrival, approach, 1
adversus, -a, -um: opposite; against (acc), 1
amnis, -is m.: river, stream, 1
Arīminum, -ī n.: Ariminum (town on Adriatic), 1
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum: kill, slaughter, 1
cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2
cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2
committō, -ere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 1
cōnflīgō, -ere, -īxī, -īctum: dash together, 1
coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2
dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2
differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee apart, escape, 1
Flāminius, -ī m.: Flaminius, 2
frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2
fugō (1): put to flight, 2
Gallus, -a, -um: Gallic, Gaul, 1
Gracchus, -ī m.: Gracchus, 2
impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 1
inde: from there, then, afterward, 1
interimō, -ere, -ēmī, -emptum: take out, kill, 1
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2
Līgurēs, -um m.: Ligures, Ligurians, 1
mox: soon, 3
occāsiō, -iōnis f.: opportunity, chance, 1
occurrō, -ere: run into, attack (dat), 2
pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2
posteā: after this, afterwards, 2
Q.: Quintus, 3
redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: pierce, 1
Trebia, -ae f.: Trebia (river in NW Italy), 1
Tuscia, -ae f.: Tuscany (Etruscan region), 1
vulnerō (1): wound, 1

16 trāditur: it is… 23 ipse: (Hannibal) himself; 3p with 3s verb

ad Ītāliam…addūxisse: that (Hannibal)…; Is: he…; i.e. Sempronius Gracchus
ind. disc. with pf. inf.; add sacc. subject Hannibalī: dat. ind. obj.
mīlia: neut. pl. acc. subject, mīlle 25 veniēns: pres. pple
18 Hannibalī: with…; abl. compound verb 27 Missus (est)
cognitō…adventū: abl. abs. 28 Is eum: he…; Fabius and Hannibal
19 Arīminum: acc. place to which; NE Italy respectively
21 prīmus: i.e. was the first person to… differendō pugnam: by…; gerund (-ing) and
commissō proeliō: abl. abs. abl. of means
22 fugātīs suīs (vīrīs): his own…; abl. abs. (et) mox…vīcit: pf. vincō
ipse: (Scipio) himself…; nom. intensive inventā occāsiōne: abl. abs.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 3

X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. 1

Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur
Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut
Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent,
quam proelium differendō. 5
Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō
cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur,
in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale
vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē
exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō 10
Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius
Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx,
nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī.
In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre
dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs 15
factī sunt.

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itus: go away, depart, 1
aliter: otherwise, in another way, 1
alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2
ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3
Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2
aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3
callidus, -a, -um: clever, skilful, adroit, 1
Cannae, -ārum, f.: Cannae, 1
condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: found, establish, 1
cōnsulāris, -is m.: consular, 1
contrādīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum: oppose, 1
differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2
dignor, -ārī, dignātum: deem, think worthy, 1
enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2
gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 1
inpatiēns, inpatientis: impatient, unfeeling, 1
inpatientia, -ae f.: impatience, 1
L.: Lucius, 3
manūmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: manumit, 1
mentiō, mentiōnis f.: mention, 1
moneō, -ēre, -uī, monitum: warn, 1
nēmō: no one, 1
nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2
pereō, -īre, periī: pass away, perish, 3
praetōrius, -iī m.: praetorian (of that rank), 1
quadrāgēsimus, -a, -um: fortieth, 1
quīngentēsimus, -a, -um: five hundredth, 1
sauciō (1): wound, 1
succēdō, -ere, -cessī: come up to (dat), 1
Varrō, Varrōnis m.: Varro, 2
vīcus, -ī m.: village, town, 1

1 Quīngentēsimō…annō: in…; abl. time when
ā condīta urbe: from the founding of the city;
lit. ‘from the city having been founded’ the PPP
is often translated as an abstract noun
3 abiēns: nom. pres. pple. abeō
ut…vincerent: that…; ind. command with
impf. subj.
4 aliter…quam: otherwise than…; adv. aliter
and a clause of comparison
5 differendō: by…; gerund (-ing) + abl. of means
Vērum: but; adverbial acc. often adversative
6 Cum…esset: when there…; impf. subj. sum
inpatiēntiā: because of…; abl. cause
contrādīcente alterō cōnsule: abl. abs.
10 nūllō proeliō: in…; abl. time when
Pūnicō bellō: in…; abl. time when
11 gravius: comparative adv.
In eō (proeliō): in this (battle)
12 captī (sunt) aut occīsī (sunt)
mīlitum, equitum: partitive gen. pl.
14 in quibus malīs: in these; a connective
relative (translate as demon.)
15 manūmissī (sunt)
mīlitēs: nom. pred. following factī sunt
4 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs 17

pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs
obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs
cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. 20
Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs
ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum
Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā,
ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū,
ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs 25
ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs
capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā
Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia
equitum, xx elephantī.
XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. 30
Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae,
contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.

ānulus, -ī m.: ring, 1 pāreō, -ēre, -uī: obey (dat), 1

armō (1): arm, equip, 1
aureus, -a, -um: gold, golden, 1
bene: well, 2
Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 1
dētrahō, -ere, -trāxī: draw off, pull away, 1
duo, duae, duo: two, 2
ille, illa, illud: that, those; he, she, it, 1
M.: Marcus, 3
manus, -ūs f.: hand; band, group, 1
modius, -ī m.: peck, basket (unit, ~2 gallons), 1
necessārius, -ī m.: relation, relative, 1
Nōla, -ae f.: Nola, 1
offerō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: offer, present, 1
pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2
perdō, -ere, perdidī: lose, ruin, destroy, 1
posteā: after this, afterwards, 2
postquam: after, when; after that, 3
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptum: take back, 1
remaneō, -ēre, -mansī: remain, 1
reparō (1): prepare (again), repair, 1
respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -sum: answer, reply, 1
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2
supplicium, -iī n.: punishment, 1
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry across, 1
varius, -a, -um: various, 1
vīs, vīs, f.: force, power; vīrēs, strength, 1

18 Rōmānīs: dat. inf. obj. 22 Carthāginem: acc. place to which

ut…redimerent: that…; ind. command with
impf. subj.
19 respōnsum est: it was…; impersonal pf. pass.
eōs…esse necessāriōs: that those…; ind. disc.,
logical subject of respōnsum est
quī…cāpī potuissent: who had…; relative
clause of characteristic modifying eōs cīvēs;
with plpf. subj. possum + pass. inf. capiō
20 cum armātī essent: although…; concessive
cum clause with plpf. pass. subj.
21 Ille: i.e. Hannibal
variīs suppliciīs: abl. means
25 ut…subigeret: so that…might…; purpose
with impf. subj.
tōtam: entirely
Āfrīs: under…; dat. of compound verb
26 (Hasdrubal) vincitur
(et) occīduntur
27 eī: to him; dat. of interest, is
28 ad reparandās vīrēs: for…; gerundive +
noun:perform a gerund-gerundive flip and
translate as gerund (-ing) + obj.
30 Annō quārtō: abl. time when
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 5

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam, 1

Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus
ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc
condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab
Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē 5
cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre
iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem.
Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat.
XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā
Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in 10
Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum
Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad
Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō]
duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs
Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam 15
reportāvit.

alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2 M.: Marcus, 3

Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2
auxilium, -ī n.: help, aid; pl. auxiliary troops, 2
Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2
Calabria, -ae f.: Calabria, 1
cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum: destroy, 1
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2
duodecim: twelve, 1
eō, īre, iī: go, 2
Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 1
igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 1
ita: so, thus, 3
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3
locus -ī m. (pl. loca): place, region, situation 1
Mānlius, -ī m.: Manlius, 3
nam: for, 2
prōcōnsul, -is m.: proconsul, 2
prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī: send forth; promise, 1
reportō (1): carry back; report, 1
Sardī, -ōrum m.: Sardinians (people), 1
sollicitō (1): agitate, stir, worry, 1
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2
T.: Titus, 3
Torquātus, -ī m.: Torquatus, 2
Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 1

1 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative
(translate as demon.) and abl. time when
4 ut…acciperet: (namely) that…; ind. command
with impf. subj. in apposition to condiciōne
dēlētīs Rōmānīs: abl. abs.
(Philippus) ipse: Philip himself
5 captīs…lēgātīs: abl. abs.
rē cognitā: abl. abs.
7 T. Mānlium Torquātum (īre): add inf. eō,
8 ea: this one; i.e. Sardinia
sollicitāta: PPP
9 ūnō tempore: in…; abl. time whens
(in) quattuor locīs
pugnābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass.; often
we translate this pass. in the active: ‘they…’
10 eius: gen. sg. is
Is: he; i.e. the other Hasdrubal
13 missus fuerat: plpf. pass.
occīsa (sunt)…captī (sunt): main verbs
15 subācta (sunt): pf. pass.
Rōmam: acc. place to which
6 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in 17

Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter
Hannibalis.
XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P. 20
Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum
mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox
cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam
sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs,
quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus 25
tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī.
Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta
est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna;
praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2
ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3
Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, chance, accident, 1
Cn.: Gnaeus, 2
dēcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: catch, deceive, 1
enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2
Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2
integer, -gra, -grum: whole, intact, unharmed, 1
magis: more, rather, 1
Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2
maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 1
metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 1
mīliārium, -iī n.: mile-stone, 1
mox: soon, 3
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus: carry, endure, 1
porta, -ae f.: gate, 1
postquam: after, when; after that, 3
praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3
Sulpicius, -iī m.: Sulpicius, 1
Syrācūsānus, -a, -um: Syracusan, of Syracuse, 1
tertius, -a, -um: third, 2
usque: up to, until; all the way, 2
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, 1

18 Hasdrubal et Māgō (vincuntur) 25 per: over…

20 Decimō annō: abl. time when
P. Sulpiciō (et) Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus: abl.
abs. add pple ‘being’
23 usque ad: up to…
24 (et) equitēs (accessērunt)
eius: gen. sg. is, i.e. Hannibal
25 cōnsulum…venientium: of…; objective gen.
pl. pres. pple veniō; modifying metū
metū: because of…; abl. of cause
26 sē recēpit: sē recipere is a common idiom for
‘retreat’
eius: see above
26 integer: nom. pred., take after pf. maneō
cāsū…virtūte: by…by…; abl. means; the
virtūs refers to that of Hasdrubal’s army
erant…dēceptī: had been deceived; plpf. pass.
i.e. tricked or duped into losing
quam…: than…; clause of comparison
27 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative
(translate as demon.) and abl. time when
nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna (capta est)
Rōmam: translation; note
29 perlāta est: pf. pass. perferō
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 7

Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae 1

populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam
profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud
Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam
cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, 5
xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ;
ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn.
Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum
interfēcit.
XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus 10
Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis,
quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir
Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē
prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum,
argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque 15
obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant.

adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2
Agrigentum, -ī n.: Agrigentum, 1
amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3
apparātus, -ūs m.: equipment, provision, 1
Attalus, -ī m.: Attalus, 1
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3
Cn.: Gnaeus, 2
dēditiō, -ōnis f.: surrrender, capitulation, 1
expugnō (1): capture by assault, 2
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3
frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2
Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3
Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 1
Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2
Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3
ibīdem: in the same place, 2
ita: so, thus, 3
nascor, nascī, nātum: be born, 1
nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2
obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
oppidum, -ī n.: town, 1
posterior, -ius: later, posterior, next, 1
proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2
regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2
subitō: immediately, straightaway, 1

3 profectus: having set out; dep. PPP
4 eum: i.e. Hannō
Rōmam: acc. place to which
[Macedonia frācta]: omit
7 ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, 3rd decl.
i-stem abl.
regressus est: pf. dep.: translate as active
8 adgressus: dep. PPP: translate as ‘having Xed’
ad Hispāniās: i.e. two regions of Hispania:
Hispania Citerior, ‘Nearer Hispania,’ on the
east coast and Hispania Ulterior, ‘Further
Hispania’ on the southern coast
10 occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus: abl. abs.
annōs…quattuor et vīgintī: for…; duration
12 nātus: dep. PPP; i.e. how old is Scipio
vir…prīmus: i.e. a leader, in apposition to P.
Cornēlius Scīpiō
13 et…et…: both (in)…and (in)…; abl. time
when; suā, ‘his own,’ refers to Scipiō
14 Is: i.e. Scīpiō
Carthāginem Hispāniae: Carthage of
Hispania; i.e. Carthago Nova (modern
Cartagena, Spain), on the SE coast and named
after the mother city Carthage in Libya
16 obsidēs: The Carthaginians had take hostages
from noble families to enforce civil obedience.
8 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem 17

Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium
fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs
ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae 20
Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam
maximam capit.
XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum
recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem
Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum 25
vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum
vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum,
quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō
dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et
per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. 30
In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus
cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.

agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3
Carthalō, -ōnis m.: Carthalo (person), 1
dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2
dispertiō, -īre, -ivī: disperse, distribute, 1
ēgregius, -a, -um: excellent, outstanding, 1
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3
fiscus, -ī m.: public treasury, 1
fugō (1): put to flight, 2
Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3
ibi: there, in that place, 1
ibīdem: in the same place, 2
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtum: follow, ensue, 1
L.: Lucius, 3
laetitia, -ae f.: happiness, joy, delight, 1
Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2
nam: for, 2
nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, message, 1
obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
parēns, -rentis m.: parent, ancestor, 1
praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3
prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2
Q.: Quintus, 3
quārē: for this reason; quā rē, why, 1
reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2
referō, -ferre, -tulī: report, bring back, 2
rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2
Tarentum, -ī n.: Tarentum, 1
trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3
vēnditor, -ōris m.: vendor, seller, 1
vēndō, -ere, vendidī: sell, 1

18 Rōmam: acc. place to which 25 mīlitibus: among…; dat. ind. obj.

Rōmae: at…; locative, place where
nūntium: message; i.e. news
parentibus: dat. ind. obj.
20 ūnō animō: with…; abl. manner, i.e.
unanimously or in agreement
post quae: after these things; connective
relative (translate as a demonstrative)
21 victum: PPP vincō
fugat: pres. indicative; note the difference
between fugāre, ‘put to flight’ and fugere, ‘flee’
24 ducem Hannibalis: a general is Hannibal’s
army
retulit: pf. referō
28 prius: comparative adv., prīmus
Fabiō Maximō: dat. ind. obj.
29 Īnsequentī annō: in…; abl. time when with
pres. pple
ēgit: did
et…et…: both…and…
31 pugnātum est: they…; ‘it…’ impersonal pf.
pass.: as often, translate active and add subject
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 9

XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus 1

fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō
proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō
obsidēs nōn poposcit.
XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius 5
posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum
omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam
Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō
Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās
incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae 10
captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī
Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī
coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī
ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum
ingentī glōriā vēnit. 15

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2
amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3
Ap.: Appius, 1
atque: and, and also, and even, 2
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3
aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3
conpōnō, -ere, -posuī: arrange; collect, 1
dēspērō (1): despair, feel no hope, 1
diffīdō, -ere, -fidī, -fīsum: distrust, have no
confidence in (dat), 1
diū: for a long time; diūtius, longer, 1
ēventus, -ūs m.: outcome, result, 1
ēvocō (1): call out, challenge, 2
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3
iam: now, already, soon, 1
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3
incidō, -ere, -cīdī: fall into, fall upon, 1
inclitus, -a, -um: famed, renowned, 1
īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush, trap, 1
itaque: and so, 1
iter, itineris n.: way, route, path; journey, 1
M.: Marcus, 3
Nerō, Nerōnis m.: Nero, 1
obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
Pīcēnum, -ī, n.: Picenum (region on Adriatic), 1
poscō, -ere, poposcī: ask, demand, 1
postquam: after, when; after that, 3
proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
referō, -ferre, -tulī: to report, bring back, 2
retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1
rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2
Sēna, -ae f.: Sena (Etruscan town, now Siena), 1
strēnuus, -a, -um: active, energetic, strenous, 1
tertius, -a, -um: third, 2

1 Tertiō annō: abl. time when 7 Is: he; i.e. Hasdrubal

profectus fuerat: plpf. dep.: translate as active
2 rēs inclitās: famous deeds
magnō proeliō: abl. means or time when
3 victum: PPP vincō
prīmus: i.e. was the first person to…
omnium: partitive gen.
ā victō (populō): from…; PPP vincō
5 Dēspērāns: pres. pple
Hispāniās…posse retinērī: that…; ind. disc.
governed by dēspērans; pass. inf. retinēre
diūtius: comparative adv. diū
(in) eōdem itinere, (in) quo
8 ā cōnsulibus…Salīnātōre: by…; abl. agent
modifying PPP comnpositās
9 Strēnuē: adv.
11 captae (sunt)
12 Rōmam: acc. place to which
haec: these things; neut. pl.
dē bellī…ēventū
13 Rōmānīs: to…; dat. of compound verb
et ipsī: they themselves also; et is an adv.
ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner; i-stem
10 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

XIX.Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in 16

Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.
XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal
vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est 20
factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse
exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre
sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum,
pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum
quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs. 25
Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et
castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs
spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia
Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam
iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat. 30

adeō (ad eō): so, to this point, to such a degree, 1
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3
bene: well, 2
Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2
coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2
dīvīnus, -a, -um: divine, 1
exīstimō (1): judge, consider, think, 1
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3
Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2
īnfīnītus, -a, -um: infinite, unending, 1
insum, -esse, -fuī: be in, 1
invādō, -ere, -vāsī: rush upon, attack, 1
L.: Lucius, 3
nūmen, -inis n.: divine power, approval, 1
Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2
Numidia, -ae f.: Numidia, 1
posteāquam: after, 1
pūtō (1): think, consider, 1
Q.: Quintus, 3
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2
redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3
sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, talk, 1
spolium, -iī n.: spoils, booty, 1
Syphāx, Syphacis m.: Syphax, 2
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2
Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2
vastō (1): lay waste, 1

16 Q. Caeciliiō…cōnsulibus: abl. abs., add
‘being’
Rōmānīs: dat. ind. obj.
18 Annō quārtō decimō: abl. time when
19 multa: neut. acc. pl. substantive (add ‘things’)
ēgerat: had done
est factus: pf. pass., cōnsul is nom. pred.
20 missus (est)
Cuī virō…inesse: that in this man…; ind. disc.
with a connective relative that is also a dative
of compound verb
21 exīstimābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass.
ut putārētur: so that he…; i.e. Scipio; result
clause with impf. pass. subj.
22 Is: i.e. Scipio
eius: gen. sg. is
23 Secundō proeliō: abl. time when
24 xi mīlibus occīsīs: abl. abs.
25 Āfrīs: with…; dat. of compound verb
eius: gen. sg. is
27 Rōmam: acc. place to which
Quā rē audītā: this matter…; abl. abs. with a
connective relative
28 (Hannibal) ipse: (Hannibal) himself
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 11

XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. 1

Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad
senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs
indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et
trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex 5
arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō
hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent,
ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās
redderent.
22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, 10
multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe
venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī.
Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit
etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem
condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus 15
pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam.

addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: bring to, add, 1
amplus, -a, -um: ample, full, spacious, 1
arbitrium, -iī n.: judgment, decision, 1
colloquium, -ī n.: conversation, conference, 1
diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, season, 1
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2
eō, īre, iī: go, 2
fiō, fierī, factum: be made, become, 1
frequēns, frequentis: crowded, 1
hostīlis, -e: hostile, of the enemy, 1
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3
indūtiae, -ārum f.: a truce, 1
interim: meanwhile, in the meantime, 1
ita: so, thus, 3
līberō (1): free, release, 1
lībra, -ae f.: pound (12 oz.); balance/scales, 1
novus, -a, -um: new, strange, 1
perfidia, -ae f.: treachery, 1
perfuga, -ae m.: fugitive, 1
petō, -ere, -īvī, petītum: seek, head for; attack, 2
prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2
propter: on account of, because of, 1
quadrāgintā: forty, 1
quousque: until what time, till when, how long, 1
reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2
regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2
trīginta: thirty, 2
turbō (1): throw in confusion, disturb, 1

1 annō septīmō decimō: abl. time when
ab eō: abl. agent, i.e. Scipio
3 Rōmam: acc. place to which
Quadrāgintā…diēbus hīs: abl. time when
4 quousque…possent: until which time…;
subj. of anticipation; impf. subj. possum
Rōmam: acc. place to which
regredī: dep. pres. inf.
5 pondō: in weight; abl. of respect
argentī: of…; gen. of material
7 hīs condiciōnibus: on…; abl. of manner
nē…habērent: that…not…; neg. ind. command
quam…nāvēs: than…; clause of comparison
8 ut…darent…redderent: that…; ind. command
10 Hannibale veniente: abl. abs.
11 Multa hostīlia: neut. nom. pl., add ‘things’
12 venientēs: pres. pple
iubente Scīpiōne: abl. abs.
dīmissī (sunt)
14 ventum esset: they…; impersonal plpf. pass.,
translate as plpf active and add subject
īsdem condiciōnibus: on..; abl. time when
15 (pāx) data est
quibus prius (pāx data est): on which (peace
was given); ellipsis, relative and abl. manner
additīs…centum mīlibus: 100 thousand
pounds…; abl. abs.; lībrārum is partitve gen.
quīngentīs mīlibus…: to…; dat. of compound
12 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque

Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge
Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī
bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs 20
captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum
exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent
Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent.
23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix
ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum 25
ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī
prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum
quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī
mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen
pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī 30
glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est.
Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum
decimum, quam coeperat.

amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3
at: but; at least, 1
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3
certāmen, -minis n.: struggle, contest, 1
cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2
circumdūcō, -ere, -dūxī: lead around, 1
cōpiōsus, -a, -um: abundant, well-supplied, 1
deinde: then, thereupon, 1
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2
displiceō, -ere, -uī: displease, dissatisfy (dat), 1
ēvādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsum: go, escape, 1
explōrātor, -ōris m.: scout, spy, 1
īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2
īnstruō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: set up, arrange, 1
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2
mox: soon, 3
nōnus, -a, -um: ninth, 1
Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2
octōginta: eighty, 1
ostendō, -ere, ostendī: show, 1
paene: almost, nearly, 1
perītus, -a, -um: experienced, skilled, 1
postrēmō,: at last, finally; abl. as adv., 1
prandium, -iī n.: lunch, 1
quālis, -e: which (sort/kind), 1
recēdō, -ere, -cessī: go/draw back, withdraw 1
redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
renūntiō, (1): bring back word, report, 1
secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3
supellectilis (supellex),-is f.: goods, furniture, 1
triumphō (1): celebrate a triumph, 1
ūllus, -a, -um: any, 1
uterque utra- utrum-: each (of 2), both, 1
vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 1

18 īnfertur…bellum: war is carried out
19 Carthāginī: on…; dat. of compounds
circumdūcī: to be…; pass. inf.
21 ostendī… darī dīmittīque: to be…; pass. infs.
hīs: to…; dat. ind. obj. i.e. explorātōrēs
ut renūntiārent: so that…might…; purpose
23 quae…vīdissent: (the things) which…; plpf.
subj. of subordinate verb in a purpose clause
25 (in) ūllā memoriā
cum…: since…; causal clause with impf. subj.
26 ipsō Hannibale captō: abl. abs.
27 prīmum, deinde, postrēmō: first, then, at last
28 Inventa (sunt)
argentī: of silver; gen. of materials
29 post id certāmen: after this contest
ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, i-stem
31 ex eō: from this (victory), as a result of this
coeptus est: began; often dep. with pass. inf.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 1-2 13

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum 1

est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum,
obpugnāre = capere per
Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est, pugnam
adgressus est = coepit
annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium. vīcēsimum = XX
aetātis = vītae
Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is 5 copiīs = mīlitibus
lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut noluit = nōn voluit, nōn
cupīvit
mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī mandārētur = imperātur

gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī

famē = sine cībō
intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs captī (sunt)
adficiuntur = puniuntur
adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est. 10
VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam
profectus est = mīgrāvit
profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum […] = remōvē et nolī
dīcere
Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā
Pȳrēnaeum = montēs
frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte inter Hispāniā Galliāque
(in) eā parte
inviās, sibi patefēcit. 15 inviās = sine viīs
patefēcit = aperuit
Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem trāditur = dīcitur

et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī

Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad
(ad) Arīminum
Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum trāiēcit = dūxit

trāiēcit. 20
occurrit = convēnit
IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō commissō proeliō = factā
pugnā
proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius suīs (mīlitibus)

Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque cōnflīgit = pugnāvērunt

vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam

occurrit = convēnit
veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium 25
interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt. interēmit = interfēcit

Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius adversus = contrā + acc.

Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox differendō = nōn faciēns

inventā occāsiōne vīcit. 29

 14 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 3-4

= DXL annō X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. 1

condītā urbe = initiō
urbis Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur
succēdunt = vēnit ad
monuit = dīxit Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut
callidus = sapiēns
Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent,
differendō = nōn quam proelium differendō. 5
faciēns
Vērum = sed Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō
vīcum = oppidum cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur,
in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale
pereunt=interficiuntur
vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē
sauciātur=vulnerātur exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō 10
periit = interficitur Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius
captī (sunt) Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx,
occīsī (sunt) =
interfectī sunt nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī.
In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre
dignātus est= putāvit dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs 15
esse bōnum
manūmissī (sunt) = factī sunt.
līberātī sunt
XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs
pāruerant = erant
fīdelēs pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs
obtulit < offerō
redimerent = obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs
reciperent cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. 20
necessāriōs=amīcōs
modiōs = magnōs Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs
saccōs
ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum
dētrāxerat < dētrahō Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā,
= cēperat
ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū,
subigeret = vinceret ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs 25
sub
perdit = āmīsit ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs
occīduntur = capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā
interficuntur
vīrēs = fortitūdō Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia
equitum, xx elephantī.
XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. 30
Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae,
contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 5-6 15

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam, 1

Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus
lēgātōs = nūntiōs
ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc auxilia = plūrēs mīlitēs

condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab

Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē 5
cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre
iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem. prōcōnsulem = vir quī
dūcit mīlitēs prō cōnsule
Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat. sollicitāta = perturbāta

XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā

Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in 10
Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum
Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad
Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō] occīsa (sunt) =
interfecta sunt
duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs
captī (sunt)
Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam 15 subāctavicta
(sunt) =
sunt
reportāvit.
Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in
Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter
Hannibalis.
XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P. 20
Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum Sulpiciō…cōnsulibus
= cum...essent cōnsulēs
mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox
cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam metū = ē timōre

sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs,

quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus 25
tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī. integer = nōn tactus
cāsū = fortūnā
Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta
est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna;
perlāta est < perferō
praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.
16 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 7-8

Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae 1

populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam
profectus = cum profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud
migrāvisset
Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam
cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, 5
expugnāvit = xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ;
cēpit per pugnam
regressus est = ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn.
rediit
adgressus = cum Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum
pugnāvisset
interfēcit.
occīsīs = XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus 10
interfectīs
Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis,
vīgintī = XX quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir
suā aetāte =
tempore vītae Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē
posteriōre temp. =
futūrō tempore prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum,
apparātum = argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque 15
instrumenta
obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant.
Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem
laetitia = gaudium Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium
obsidēs = populōs
captōs fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs
quārē: igitur, ergō ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae 20
(cum) ūnō animō
Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam
maximam capit.
XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum
recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem
occīdit = interfēcit Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum 25
dispertīvit = dedit vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum
vēnditōr-um = illī
quī vendunt vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum,
fiscum = pecūniam
pūblicam quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō
ēgit = fēcit
dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et
per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. 30
pugnātum est =
pugnāvērunt In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus
occīsus est =
interfectus est cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 9-10 17

XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus 1 profectus fuerat =

migrāverat
fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō inclitās = famōsās
gerit = facit
proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō
obsidēs nōn poposcit. obsidēs = populōs captōs
poposcit = rogāvit
XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius 5
posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum
omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam copiīs = mīlitibus
(in) eōdem itinere
Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō (in) quō

Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās īnsidiās =

incidit < in + cādō
incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae 10 cōpiae = mīlitēs
captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī pondus = grāvitās
relātum est < referō
Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī diffīdere = despērāre
coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī
ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum
ingentī glōriā vēnit. 15
XIX. Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in
Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.
XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal
Multa = multās rēs
vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est 20 ēgerat = fēcerat
factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse cui virō = (in) hōc virō

exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre exīstimābātur = pūtābātur

nūminibus = deīs
sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum,
pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum
quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs. 25 occīsīs = interfectīs

Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et

castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs
spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia Quā rē = hāc rē

Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam

iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat. 30
 18 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 11-12

XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. 1

Lēgātī = dūcēs
Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad
Quadrāgintā et senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs
quīnque = XLV
indūtiae = foedus, indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et
pactum pācis
quoousque = tam trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex 5
longum quam
regredī = red-īre
arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō
(in) pondō = (in) hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent,
grāvitāte
arbitriō = cōnsiliō ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās
amplius = plūrēs
quīngenta = D redderent.
perfugās = illōs quī 22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, 10
fugiunt
multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe
dīmissī (sunt) venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī.
proeliīs = pugnīs
Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit
ventum esset = etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem
vēnissent
(pāx) data est condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus 15
(in) quibus (pāx
data est) prius pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam.
lībr-ārum = lb.
perfidiam = malum
Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque
displicuērunt= erant Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge
nōn grātae
īnfertur…bellum Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī
explōrātōrēs = bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs 20
mīlitēs captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum
prandium = cibum exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent
renūntiārent =
reportārent Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent.
proelium = pugna 23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix
īnstructum est = ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum 25
ēductum est
quāle = quod ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī
perītus = sapiēns
postrēmō = in fīne prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum

(in) pondō = (in)

quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī
grāvitāte mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen
cētera supellectilis
cōpiōsa = multae pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī 30
aliae rēs bonae
glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est.
ex eō (bellō)
nōnum decimum =
Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum
XIX decimum, quam coeperat.
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Alphabetized Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal

The following list includes all words that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words of lesser
frequency in an alphabetized list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs
in the commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be
reviewed before using the commentary.

ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33 etiam: also, even, besides, 11

accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7
ad: to, toward; near, 23
Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3
Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8
Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4
Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2
Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2
amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1
animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’
annus, -ī m.: year, 12
ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2
apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6
argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6
Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1
audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12
Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18
captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5
Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11
Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4
castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6
centum: hundred, 1
cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10
Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3
coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4
condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4
cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16
contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5
Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4
cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25
dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2
decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4
dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6
duo, duae, duo: two, 2
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8
ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1
elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2
eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6
et: and, also, even, 38
ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7
exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8
Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9
glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3
habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4
Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48
Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9
hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9
Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15
homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4
in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38
ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8
intereā: meanwhile, 7
interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5
ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9
is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33
Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3
lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6
Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1
Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6
magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5
malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2
Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3
Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1
maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4
memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1
mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5
mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14
multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10
nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1
nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2
nōbilis, -e: noble, 5
nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3
numquam: never, 1
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occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8 Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1
occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1 Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4
octō: eight, 1 Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28
omnis, -e: every, all, 9 sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9
sed: but, moreover, however, 1
P.: Publius, 7
senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2
pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3
senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3
Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3
septem: seven, 1
pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6
septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1
pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1
servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1
per: through, over, across, 7
Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5
Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5
sub: under, beneath (abl), 1
pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5
sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47
populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5
possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3
post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6 tamen: nevertheless, however, 6
prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4 tempus, -poris n.: time, 4
proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2
pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5 Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1
pugnō (1): to fight, 6 tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3
Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3 trēs, tria: three, 3
tum: then, at that time, 3
quam: than, 4
quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3 ubi: where, when, 2
quattuor: four, 4 ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2
que: and, as well, 7 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4
quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35 ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9
quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5
veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11
quīnque: five, 1
vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1
quoque: also, 4
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1
rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4 vīgintī: twenty, 3
rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11
vir, virī m.: man, 4
Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26