Prepared by Rodi Ali

Supervised and guided by Dr.Mehmet Emin Meral

Subject: voltage and frequency influence in power system

The most important parameters within the power systems are the voltage and the frequency of the
system since the both factors are widely affect the power system and the performance of the all
machineries and devices within the network so it’s so important to control them and or to maintain
them within acceptable values as listed below

1- the limits for frequency variation are ±0.4% (±0.2Hz in a 50Hz system or a frequency band of
49.8→50.2Hz)
2- The permissible variation in voltage is much greater, typically ± 6%.

Apart of that sometimes we need to control both voltage and frequency in some application
VFD &VSD drives. Generally the frequency influence on active power and voltage variation effect
the reactive power directly:

f⇔ P

V⇔Q

Essentially, frequency in a power system is controlled by ensuring that the injected power (from the
connected generators) matches the system load, with all losses taken into account. Voltage is controlled
by the injection of reactive power to meet the reactive demand, together with other measures such as
transformer tap changing and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) action. As shown below the AVR and
turbine control loops in a generation station.
Fuel
Amplifier Voltage error ≥ Vref

Governor C.V
exciter

Speed
Turbine Drive Shaft Generator rectifier
sense

Power TR Voltmeter

POWER LINES
 Prepared by Rodi Ali

Supervised and guided by Dr.Mehmet Emin Meral

Subject: voltage and frequency influence in power system

As provided below its shown that the apparent power is affected directly with variation of voltage and
the frequency

U−
⃗ ⃗ V U −V e j ∂ U 2 jθ UV j(θ−∂)
(
U
U . ⃗I =⃗
⃗S=¿P+jQ¿ ⃗
Z
⃗ =) (
U
Ze− j θ =
Z )
e −¿
Z
e

THANKS FOR CONSEDRING THIS WORK,

RODI ALI

THE END