1 .

State of complete knowledge

Diagnosis

2. Instrument used to visually examine within.

ENDOSCOPE

3. Process of cutting out.

EXCISION

4. Malig. tumor in liver.

Hepatoma

5. Pert. to producing treatment.

LATROGENIC

6. Process of cutting into

INCISION
7. Spec. who examines biopsy samples microscopically and examines dead body to determine
cause of death.
Pathologist
8. A prediction about the outcome of an illness, but it is always given after diagnosis.
Prognosis
9. Study of X-rays.
Radiology
10. A cutting back in the sense of cutting out or removal.
Resection
11. To build up protein.
Anabolism
12. Process of breaking down foods to release energy.
Catabolism
13. Pert. to front.
Coronal
14. Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from beginning of structure.
Distal
15. Pert. to back portion of body.
Dorsal
16. Spec. who studies body tissue
Histologist
17. Below another structure.
Inferior
18. Classification of nucleus.
Karyotype
19. Pert. to side.
Lateral
20. Pert. to middle.
Medial
21. Near the point of attachment to trunk.
Proximal
22. Process of casting a change
Metabolism
23. Lengthwise, vertically dividing body.
Sagital
24. Above another structure; pert. to head.
Superior
25. Lying on back (face up, palms up)
Supine
26. Horizontal plane dividing body into upper and lower portions.
Transverse
27. Front surface of body.
Ventral
28. Pert. to internal organs
Visceral
29. Enlargement of extremity: an endocrine disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland
produces an excessive amt. of growth hormone after completion of puberty.
Acromegaly
30. Rapid onset, has severe symptoms and brief in duration.
Acute
31. Surg. puncture to remove fluid from amnion.
Amniocentesis
32. Blood cond. where there is a lack of hemoglobin.
Anemia
33. Surg. repair of a vessel.
Angioplasty
34. Hardening of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
35. Hernia of the urinary bladder
Cystocele
36. Process of recording electricity of the brain.
Electroencephalography
37. The protrusion of an organ or muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally
contains it
Hernia
38. Over developement in size.
Hypertrophy
39. Blood cond. where blood is held back.
Ischemia
40. Instrument used for visual examination of the abdomen.
Laporoscope
41. Abnorm. cond. of death
Necrosis
42. Softening of the bone
Osteomalacia
43. Blood platelet, cell that clots
Thyrombocite
44. Muscle which leads away from the body. to abduct means to carry away by force.
Abductor
45. Muscle which leads toward the body. to admit, means to send toward or permit entrance
Adductor
46. The seperate (apart)
Analysis
47. Irregularity at birth
Congenital anomaly
48. Pert. to opposite side
Contralateral
49. Difficult breathing
Dyspnea
50. Feeling of discomfort, "bad feeling"
Malaise
51. Cond. of change of shape or form
Metamorphosis
52. Symptoms that appear before the onset of a more severe illness
Prodrome
53. Sliding forward or downward
Prolapse
54. A sliding back; reocurrence of symptoms of a disease
Relapse
55. Pert. to behind the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
56. Cond. or state of "life together"; 2 organisms living together for a mutual benefit or not
(parasitism)
Symbiosis
57. State of "measurement together"; equality of parts; mirror images
Symmetry
58. A group of symptoms that occur together
Syndrome
59. Process of recording ultrasound (beyond the normal range) waves
Ultrasonography
60. Lack of appetite
Anorexia
61. Visual exam of the colon
Colnoscopy
62. Frequent passage of loose, watery stool
Diarrhea
63. Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
64. Study of cause of a disease
Etilogy
65. The pressence of excessive gas in both the stomach and intestines
Flatulence
66. Inflamm. of gums
Gingivitis
67. Liver tumor that grows
Hepatomegaly
68. Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in
the blood. (AKA jaundice and icterus)
Hyperbilirubinemia
69. Of unknown cause or origin
Idiopathic
70. Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
ileus
71. One portion of the intestine slips into an adjoining part; telescoping of the intestines
Intussuspection
72. Visual examination of the abdomen
Laporoscopy
73. Fat tumor
Lipoma
74. Inflammation of pancreas
Pancreatitis
75. Pus filled
Purulent
76. Fat in the feces; frothy
Steatorrhea
77. Abnorm. accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Ascities
78. Absence of normal opening
Atresia
79. Abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder.
Cholecystolithiasis
80. New opening of the colon to the outside of body
Colostomy
81. Series of x-ray pictures showing cross-sectional, axial, or transverse images of internal
organs.
Computed tomography (CT)
82. Inflamm. of diverticula; abdominal pain and rectal bleeding are symptoms
Diverticulitis
83. Painful digestion; indigestion.
Dyspepsia
84. New surgical opening between the stomach and duodenum
Gastroduodenal anastomosis
85. Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
Gastroenteritis
86. Vomiting blood
Hematemesis
87. Destruction of red blood cells
Hemolysis
88. Spitting or coughing up blood as result of bleeding from any part of the respiratory tract.
Hemoptysis
89. Bursting forth or excessive flow of blood
Hemorrhage
90. Stopping or controlling the flow of blood.
Hemostasis
91. Magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes
of the body
MRI
92. Narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
Pyloric stenosis
93. Inflamm. of the mouth
Stomatitis
94. Kidney stones
Calculi
95. Tube for injecting or removing fluids.
Chatheter
96. Nitrogen-containing waste product of muscle metabolism; excreted by the kidney in urine.
Creatinine
97. Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
98. Abnormal condition of inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the
pituitary gland. Patients experience polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive
thirst).
Diabetes insipidus
99. Removal of waste materials (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) from the blood in patients
whose kidneys have stopped functioning. Blood leaves the body and circulates through a
machine that removes wastes before sending the blood back into the body through a vein.
Hemodialysis
100. Separation of nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream by introducing fluid into the
peritoneal cavity. Wastes then leave the bloodstream and enter the fluid, which is drained
through an abdominal catheter
Peritoneal dialysis
101. Painful urination
Dysuria
102. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces.
Edema
103.  Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are
sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-).
Electrolyte
104. Blood in urine
Hematuria
105. Process of using high-energy sound waves to crush a stone within the kidney or ureter.
Lithotripsy
106. Urination; voiding.
Micturion
107. Functional unit of the kidney, consisting of a glomerulus, renal tubule, and collecting tubule.
Nephron
108. Substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine: examples are urea, creatinine and
uric acid.
Nitrogenous waste
109. X-ray record of the kidney (renal pelvis) after injection of contrast material.
Pyelogram
110. Pus in urine
Pyuria
111. Excessive amount of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood.
Uremia
112. Process of expelling urine.
Urination
113. The bodily fluid excreted by the kidneys, conveyed through the ureters, stored in the
bladder, and released through the urethra. Normally amber-colored and slightly acidic, with the
characteristic odor of urea.
Urine
114. Emptying of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra
Voiding
115. Absence of menstrual flow.
Amenorrhea
116. Fluid that is contained within the amnionic sac.
Amniotic fluid
117. Type of bacteria that causes pelvic inflammatory disease and infection in the reproductive
tract of women and men.
Chlamydia
118. Widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus.
Dilation and curettage
119. Painful, difficult menses (menstruation).
Dysmenorrhea
120. Stage in prenatal development from two to six weeks.
Embryo
121. Endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus
Endometriosis
122. Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult
childbirth.
Episiotomy
123. Ovarian hormone that promotes female secondary sex characteristics and sexual
development.
Estrogen
124. Stage in prenatal development from 6 to 39 or 40 weeks.
Fetus
125. Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum).
FSH
126. Male or female reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell)
GAMETE
127. Viral (herpes zoster) illness that affects peripheral nerves; produces blisters and pain on
the skin overlying the path of peripheral nerves.
Shingles
128. Congenital defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts;
spinal cord and meninges may herniate through the vertebral gap.
Spina bifida
129. Fainting; temporary loss of consciousness.
Syncope
130. Sensation of ringing in the ear
Tinnitus
131. Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia.
Angina
132. Surgical repair of a blood vessel
Angioplasty
133. Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart.
Arrhytmia
134. Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery.
Atherosclerosis

135. Disease of the heart muscle

Cardiomyopathy
136. Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.
Congestive heart failure
137. Relaxation phase of the heartbeat.
Diastole
138. Record of the electricity flowing through the heart.
Electrocardiogram
139. A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood
vessel.
Embolus
140. High blood pressure
Hypertension
141. Area of dead tissue.
Infraction
142. Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart.
Murmur
143. Muscular layer of the heart.
Myocardium
144. Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). It dilates coronary arteries so that more
blood flows to heart muscle.
Nitroglycerin
145. Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; it begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial
node
Pacemaker
146. Injection of drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots in the bloodstream.
Thrombolytic therapy
147. Narrowing of a blood vessel.
Vasocontstriction
148. Chronic inflammation disorder, characterized by airway obstruction and caused by
bronchial edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production.
Asthma
149. Listening for sounds in the chest and abdomen using a stethoscope.
Ausculatation
150. Chronic dilate of bronchial tubes caused by infection of the lower lobes of the lungs.
Bronchiectasis
151. Visual examination of the bronchial tubes using an endoscope or bronchoscope.
Bronchoscopy
152. Acute viral infection in children and infants marked by obstruction of the larynx and barking
cough.
Croup
153. Abnormal condition of bluish coloration of the skin.
Cyanosis
154. Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in mucous secretions that do not drain
normally.
Cystic fibrosis
155. Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.
Emphysema
156. Tube is placed through the mouth and throat into the trachea to establish an airway.
Endrotracheal intubation
157. Epistaxis
Nosebleed
158. Process of breathing out or exhalation.
Expiration
159. Act of breathing in or inhalation.
Inspiration
160. Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with asbestos exposure.
Mesothelioma
161. Tapping on the surface to determine the underlying structure.
Percussion
162. Whooping cough; bacterial infection of the throat, larynx and trachea.
Pertussis
163. Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung.
Pleura
164. Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity.
Pleular effusion
165. Abnormal condition of collection of dust particles in the lungs
Pneumoconiosis
166. Collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity between the pleura and surrounding the lungs.
Pnemuothorax
167. Collection fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles of the lung
Pulmonary edema
168. Clot or material from a distant vein that blocks a blood vessel in the lung.
Pulmonary embolism
169. Tests that measure the ventilation (breathing) mechanics of the lung.
Pulmonary function tests
170. Nine-month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy.
Gestation
171. Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones.
Gonad
172. Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts.
Gynecology
173. Removal of the uterus.
Hysterectomy
174. Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to
facilitate fertilization. Fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix
In vitro fertilization
175. Production of milk.
Lactation
176. Removal (excision) of a breast.
Mastectomy
177. Monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus; menses.
Menstruation
178. Release of an egg cell from an ovary.
Ovulation
179. Secretion of the pituitary gland causing contraction of the uterus during labor and
stimulation of milk secretion from the breast.
Oxytocin
180. Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
Pap smear
181. Hormone secreted by the ovaries; maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy.
Progesterone
182. Tying off of the fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of
a female.
Tubal ligation
183. Removal (excision) of a testis; castration.
Orchiectomy
184. Primary lesion of syphilis; a hard ulcer occurring at the site of entry of the bacterial infection
and most frequently on the external genitalia of a male or female.
Chancre
185. Sexually transmitted infection of the skin and mucosa of the genitals caused by the herpes
simplex virus and marked by blisters.
Herpes genitalis
186. Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; erectile dysfunction.
Impotence
187. Tying off a tube or blood vessel. Thread or wire is used
Ligation
188. Fluid discharged at ejaculation; consisting of sperm cells and secretions from the prostate
gland, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands.
Semen

189. Sperm cells.

Spermatozoa
190. Single sperm call
Spermatozoon
191. Sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria (spirochetes). A chancre (ulcer) on the
genitalia is a characteristic lesion.
Syphilis
192. Sexually transmitted infection caused by bacteria (spirochetes). A chancre (ulcer) on the
genitalia is a characteristic lesion.
Tetsis
193. Removing a piece of each vas deferens and tying off each end.
Vasectomy
194. Brain disorder marked by progressive, gradual mental deterioration (dementia) along with
personality changes and impairment of daily functioning
Alzheimer disease
195. Weakening of an arterial wall, which may lead to hemorrhage and cerebrovascular
accident (stroke).
Anerurysm
196. Inability to speak; language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex.
Aphasia
197. Slow movement
Bradykardia
198. Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke.
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
199. Mental decline and deterioration.
Dementia
200. Rapidly growing malignant tumor of the brain.
Glioblastoma
201. Paralysis of the right or left half of the body
Hemiplegyia
202. Partial paralysis and muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to the
cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period.
Cerebral palsy
203. Withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space between two lumbar
vertebrae; spinal tap.
Lumbar puncture
204. Inflammation of the meninges.
Meningitis
205. Chronic neurologic disorder marked by destruction of the myelin sheath on neuronal axons
in the CNS and replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue.
Multiple sclerosis

206. Pale
Pallor
207. Abnormal nervous sensation occurring without apparent cause. Examples are tingling,
numbness or prickling sensations.
Paresthesia

1) Name the five cavities of the body:

1. cavity surrounded by the skull CRANIAL

2. cavity in the chest surrounded by the ribs THORACIC
3. cavity below the chest containing the stomach, liver, and gallbladder ABDOMINAL
4. cavity surrounded by the hip bones PELVIC
5. cavity surrounded by the bones of the back SPINAL

2) Provide medical terms:

space surrounding each lung PLEURAL CAVITY

space between the lungs MEDIASTINUM

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities DIAPHRAGM

area below the umbilicus (as well as below the stomach) HYPOGASTRIC REGION

area above the stomach EPIGASTRIC REGION

area of the navel UMBILICAL REGION

areas near the groin INGUINAČ REGIONS

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity SPINAL CORD

bony tissue surrounding the spinal cavity SPINAL COLUMN

3) Name the five divisions of the back:

1. region of the neck CERVICAL

2. region of the chest THORARCIC

3. region of the waist LUMBAR

4. region of the sacrum SACRAL

5. region of the tailbone COCCYGEAL

ANTERIOR (ventral) – front side of the body

POSTERIOR (dorsal) – back side of the body

DEEP – away from the surface

SUPERFICIAL – on the surface

PROXIMAL – near the point of attachment to the trunk/near the beginning of a structure

DISTAL – far from the point of attachment to the trunk/near the beginning of a structure

INFERIOR – below another structure (caudal)

SUPERIOR – above another structure (cephalic)

MEDIAL – pertaining to the middle

LATERAL – pertaining to the side

SUPINE – lying on the back

PRONE - lying on the belly

1. The kidney lies lateral to the spinal cord.

2. The DISTAL end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the kneecap.

3. The ____FRONTAL___ plane divides the body into an anterior and posterior portion.

4. The diaphragm lies __INFERIOR____ to the organs in the thoracic cavity.

5. The pharynx is located _____SUPERIOR_____ to the esophagus.

6. The term meaning lying on the belly is ___PRONE__.

7. _TRANSVERSE_ plane runs across the body parallel to the ground

deep __superficial___
proxima _distal__
supine ___prone___
medial __lateral___
dorsal __ventral___
superior ____inferior___
DIAPHYSIS - the shaft, or middle region, of a long bone
EPIPHYSIS - each end of a long bone
EPIPHYSEAL LINE OR PLATE - area of cartilage
constantly replaced by new bony tissue as the bone grows
METAPHYSIS - portion between epiphysis and diaphysis,
next to epiphyseal plate
PERIOSTEUM - membrane that covers the surface of a
long bone
 ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - a thin layer of cartilage
covering the ends of long bones (it cushions the bones at
the place they meet with other bones (joints).

1. bone head – rounded end of a bone

2. condyle - rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint
3. epicondyle – small, rounded process above the
condyle
4. tubercle – small, rounded process for attachment
of tendons and muscles
5. trochanter – very large process on the femur for
attachment of muscle
6. tuberosity –rounded elevation for attachment of
muscles or tendons

1. fossa - shallow cavity in or on a bone

2. foramen - opening for blood vessels and nerves (pl.
foramina)
3. fissure - a narrow, deep, slit-like opening
4. sulcus - a groove or furrow
5. sinus - hollow cavity within a bone

Cranial bones
 1. FRONTAL BONE - the forehead, part of eye sockets
2. PARIETAL BONES - the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium
3. TEMPORAL BONES - enclose the ears
4. OCCIPITAL BONE - the back and base of the skull-
the inferior portion of the occipital bone has an opening called - foramen magnum -
through which the spinal cord passes
5. SPHENOID BONE - bat-shaped bone, behind the eyes and part of the base of the skull

- depression in the sphenoid bone called sella turcica (Turkish saddle) is where the pituitary gland is
located

6. ETHMOID BONE - thin, delicate bone, composed primarily of spongy, cancellous bone. It supports the
nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eyes (ethm/o = sieve, sito)

FACIAL BONES
1. NASAL BONES - join with the frontal bone superiorly and form part of the nasal septum
2. LACRIMAL BONES - (lacrim/o = tear) located at the corner of each eye
3. MAXILLARY BONES - two large bones compose the massive upper jawbones (maxillae);
If they are not joined together normally before birth, the condition known as cleft palate results.
4. MANDIBULAR BONE (MANDIBLE) - this is the lower jawbone.
5. ZYGOMATIC BONES - two bones, one on each side of the face, form the high portion of the
cheek
6. VOMER- thin, single flat bone; forms the lower portion of the nasal septum

THORAX
 CLAVICLE – collar bone
 SCAPULA – shoulder blade
 STERNUM – breastbone
 RIBS - 12 pairs of ribs; ribs 1-7 -true ribs; 8-10 - false ribs; ribs 11-12 floating ribs
(completely free at their anterior extremity)
ARM AND HAND

 HUMERUS - upper arm bone

 ULNA - medial lower arm bone

 RADIUS - lateral lower arm bone

 CARPALS - wrist bones

 METACARPALS - five bones of the palm of the hand

 PHALANGES - ( sing. phalanx) – finger bones, each finger ( except the thumb) has 3
phalanges - a proximal, middle and distal phalanx.

PELVIS
PELVIC GIRDLE – pelvis; 3 pairs of fused bones :

a) ILIUM – uppermost and largest portion of

pelvis; superior part of the ilium is called

the iliac crest

b) ISCHIUM – posterior part of the pelvis

C) PUBIS – anterior part of the pelvis; 2 pubic bones are joined by a cartilaginous disk - pubic
symphysis

LEG AND FOOT

 FEMUR - thigh bone

 PATELLA – kneecap

 TIBIA – (commonly the shin bone) - larger of the 2 bones of the lower leg

 FIBULA - smaller of two lower leg bones, runs parallel to the tibia

 TARSALS (hindfoot)– bones of the hind part of the foot

 METATARSALS (midfoot)– bones of the midfoot

 PHALANGES of the toes (forefoot)– bones of the forefoot

TYPES OF JOINTS:

- immovable

- partially movable

- freely movable

There are 3 types of muscles in our body:

 STRIATED MUSCLES

 SMOOTH MUSCLES

CARDIAC MUSCLES

A. movement away from the midline abduction

B. turning the palm down pronation

C. turning the palm up SUPINATION

 D. straightening out a limb or joint exstension

E. bending the sole of the foot downward PLANTAR FLEXION

F. circular movement around an axis rotation

G. bending a limb FLEXION

H. movement toward the midline adduction

L. backward (upward) bending of the foot dorsiflexion