Analysis

 of  T-­‐beams    Reinforced  for  Tension  only  

a) Effective Width of Flange:

A. FOR T-SECTIONS:

A. Steel Area required with Neutral Axis on the Flange:

Limits of the effective flange with "b" as controlled

by NSCP:

Use the smallest value of "b"

Slab Flange
b

Web or
stem d

b’
Spacing of Beams

1
➀ b = 4 of span
➁ b = 16t + bw
➂ b = center to center spacing
of beams
B. FOR L-SHAPED FLANGE:
b

b’

Use smallest value of "b"

1
➀ b = 12 of span + b'

➁ b = b' + 6t

1
➂ b = 2 center to center spacing of beams
b) Depth of Compression Block:

b 0.85fc

t a C

d (d-a/2)

As
T
bw

Mu = applied ultimate moment

a
Mu = ø C (d - 2 )
a
Mu = ø 0.85 fc' ab (d - 2 )

Solve for a: Using quadratic equation

Note : If a < t, treat it as a rectangular beam.
c) Steel Area Required:
T=C
As fy = 0.85 fc' ab

Solve for As:

0.85 fc ' ab
As =
fy
Check for ductility.
As
ρ = bd
1.4
ρmin = fy
ρmax = 0.75 ρb
0.85 fc ' ß (600)
ρb =
fy (600 + fy )
ρmin < ρ < ρmax
B. Steel Area required with Neutral Axis on the Web:

a) Effective Width of Flange:

b
b-bw b-bw
2 2 0.85fc 0.85fc
C1
t t C2
a

(d-t/2)
d (d-a/2)
M1
M2
As
T1=As1 fy T2=As2 fy

bw
1
➀ b = 4 of span
➁ b = 16t + bw
➂ b = spacing of beams center to center
Use smallest value of "b".
b) Depth of Compression Block:

Assume first that the N.A. is at the flange:

a
Mu = ø C (d - 2 )
a
Mu = ø 0.85 fc' ab (d - 2 )

Solve for a:
Using quadratic equation
If a > t, treat it as a T-beam
C1 = 0.85 fc' (t) (b - bw)
T1 = C1
0.85 fc' (t)(b - bw) = As1 fy

Solve for As1:

0.85 fc' t (b - bw )
As1 =
fy
Solve for M1:
t
M1 = ø T1(d - 2 )
t
M1 = ø As1 fy (d - 2 )
Solve for M2:
M2 = Mu - M1
a
M2 = ø C2 (d - 2 )
C2 = 0.85 fc' bw (a)
a
M2 = ø (0.85) fc' bw a (d - 2 )

Solve for a: (quadratic equation)

C. Moment Capacity of T-Beams with Neutral Axis on the
flange:
a) Effective Width of Flange:
1600 0.85fc’
C
100 a

d=600 (d-a/2)

As=4926 mm2

T = AS fy

300
1
➀ b = 4 of span
➁ b = 16t + bw
➂ b = spacing of beams center to center
Use smallest value of "b".

b) Depth of Compression Block:

C=T
0.85 fc’ ab = As fy
A s fy
a=
0.85 fc ' b
a<t

c) Ultimate Moment Capacity:

M u = ø A s fy d - ( a
2
)
D. Moment Capacity of T-Beams with Neutral Axis on the
Web:

a) Effective Width of Flange:

b
b-bw b-bw
2 2 0.85fc 0.85fc
C1
t t C2
a

(d-t/2)
d (d-a/2)
M1
M2
As
T1=As1 fy T2=As2 fy

bw
1
➀ b = 4 of span
➁ b = 16t + bw
➂ b = spacing of beams center to center
Use smallest value of "b".
b) Depth of Compression Block:
C1 + C2 = T1 + T2
C 1 + C 2 = T = A s fy
0.85 fc’ ab + 0.85 fc’ (t)(b – bw) = As fy
Solve for a:
a> t

c) Ultimate Moment Capacity:

C1 = 0.85 fc' (b - bw) t
C2 = 0.85 fc' abw
t a
M n = C 1 (d - 2 ) + C 2 (d - 2 )
Mu = ø Mn
 Steel Area Required for T-Beams
With N.A. on the Flange

1. Problem:
A T-beam for a floor system has a slab thickness of 100 mm and a
total depth of 550 mm. It has a web thickness of 300 mm. The
T-beam is cast monolithically with the slab. The beam has a simple
span of 6 m. with a spacing of 2.4 m. center to center. The beam
carries a live load moment of 163 kN.m and a dead load moment of
84 kN.m. fc’ = 20.7 MPa., fy = 413.7 MPa. Assume steel covering
of 65 mm.
➀ Determine the effective width of flange.
➁ Determine the depth of compression block.
➂ Determine the steel area required.
Solution:
➀ Effective width of flange.
1 b
(1) b = span
4 100
1
b = (6000) = 1500 mm
4
485
(2) b = b' + 16t
b = 300 + 16(100) As
b = 1900 mm 65
(3) b = spacing of beam center to center 300
b = 2400 mm
Use b = 1500 mm
1. Problem: Continuation
➁ Depth of compression block.
M u = 1.2 MDL + 1.6 MLL 1500 0.85fc’

M u = 1.2(84) + 1.6(163) 100 a

M u = 361.6 kN.m 485 (d-a/2)

As

65 T = AS fy

300

Assume the neutral axis is on the flange.

M u = ø C (d - a/2)
361.6 x 10 6 = 0.90(0.85)(20.7)
(a)(1500)(485 - a/2)
15223.18 = 485a - 0.5a 2
a 2 - 970a + 30446.36 = 0
a = 30.43 mm < 100 mm ok
(depth of compression block)

➂ Steel area required.

C=T
0.85(20.7)(30.43)(1500) = As (413.7)
As = 1941.32 mm2
Moment Capacity of T-Beams with N.A. on the Flange

2. Problem:
A reinforced concrete T-beam has an effective depth of 600 mm
and has a reinforcement area of 4926 mm2 at the bottom. The web
has a width of 300 mm and the slab thickness is 100 mm. The
beam has a span of 6 m. and a spacing of 1.8 m. center to center
of the beam. fc’ = 20.7 MPa, fy = 414.6 MPa.
➀ Determine the effective width of the flange.
➁ Determine the depth of compression block.
➂ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam.
Solution:
➀ Effective width of flange:
1
1) b = of span
4 b
6000 100
b= = 1500 mm
4
2) b = b w + 16t d=600
b = 300 + 16(100)
b = 1900 mm As=4926 mm2

3) b = spacing of bean
b = 1800 mm 300

Use b = 1500 mm
2. Problem: Continuation
➁ Depth of compression block:

C=T
0.85 fc’ ab = As fy
0.85(20.7)(a)(1600) = 4926(414.6)
a = 72.55 mm < 100 mm ok
(depth of compression block)

➂ Ultimate moment capacity:

M u = ø A s fy d -
a
2
( )
(
M u = 0.90(4926)(414.6) 600 -
77.38
2
)
M u = 1031.74 kN.m

 
 
 Moment Capacity of T-Beams with N.A. on the Web

3. Problem:
An isolated T-beam has a width of flange equal to 700 mm and a
thickness of 100 mm. It has an effective depth of 450 mm and the
width of the web section is 350 mm. It is reinforced at the bottom
with a steel area of 2925 mm2. fc’ = 17.24 MPa, fy = 413.7 mm.
Use U = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL
➀ Determine the depth of compression block.
➁ Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the beam using a
reductor factor of 0.90.
➂ Determine the concentrated live load that it could support at its
midspan if it has a dead load including its own weight of 20
kN/m. Span of beam is 6 m.

Solution:
➀ Depth of compression block:
175 350 175
0.85fc’ 0.85fc’
C1
100
a a C2

450 (d-t/2) (d-a/2)

As=2925 mm2

T1 = AS1 fy T2 = AS2 fy
350
3. Problem: Continuation
C1 + C2 = T1 + T2
C 1 + C 2 = T = A s fy
0.85 fc’ (100)(175)(2) + 0.85 fc’ (350)(a) = 2925(413.7)
0.85(17.24)(100)(175)(2) + 0.85(17.24)(350) a = 1210072.5
512890 + 5128.9 a = 1210072.5
a = 135.93 > 100 mm ok (depth of compression block)

➁ Ultimate moment capacity:

C1 = 0.85(17.24)(100)(175)(2) = 512890
C2 = 0.85(17.24)(350)(135.93) = 697171
M u = ø (M1 + M 2 )
( )
M1 = C1 d -
t
2
M = 512890 (450 - )
100
1
2
M1 = 205.2 x 10 6 N.mm= 205.2 kN.m

M 2 = C2 ( )
d-
a
2
= 697171 (450 - )
135.93
M2
2
M 2 = 266.3 x 10 6 N.mm = 266.3 kN.m

M u = ø (M1 + M 2 )
M u = 0.90(205.2 + 266.3) = 424.35 kN.m
3. Problem: Continuation
➂ Concentrated live load it could support at the midspan.

P
DL= 20 kN/m

6m

PL WL2
Mu = (1.6) + (1.2)
4 8
P(6)(1.6) 20(6)2 (1.2)
424.35 = +
4 8
P = 131.81 kN