Professional Documents
Culture Documents
representation
Dr. Arunachalam V
Associate Professor, SENSE
Sinusoids and phase difference
Some important trigonometric
identities
sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B
cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B
sin t 180o sin t
cost 180 cos t
o
cost 90 sin t
o
e j cos j sin
vt Vm cost Re Vm e j t
cos Re e j
vt Re Vm e j e jt ReVe
jt
sin Ime j
V Vm e j Vm
Graphical representation
A phasor diagram showing
V Vm and I I m
Sinusoid-phasor transformation
c) v 7 cos 2t 40o
d ) i 4 sin 10t 10o
v 7 cos 2t 40o 180o
i 4 cos 10t 10o 90o
v 7 cos 2t 220o
i 4 cos 10t 80o
V 7220 o V 4 80o
Transform these phasors to sinusoids :
a) V j8e j 20 b) I 3 j 4
V 1 90 o 8 20 o I 5126 .87 o
V 8 90 o 20 o 8 70 o
i 5 cos t 126.87o
v 8 cos t 70o
c ) V 10 30 o d ) I j 5 j12
v 10 cos t 30 o
I j 5 j 212
v 10 cos t 30o 180o I 12 j 5
I 1322.62o
v 10 cos t 210 o
i 13 cos t 22.62o
Phasor Arithmetic
Add these signals:
i1 4 cos t 30o
i2 5 sin t 20o
I 1 4 30 o I 2 5 110 o I 1 I 2 3 .22 57 o
i i1 i2 3.22 cos t 57o
Using the phasor approach, determine the current i(t) in a circuit described by
the integrodifferential equation o
di 4 I j 4 I j 6 I 5075
4i 8 i dt 3 50 cos 2t 75o
dt I 4 j10 5075o
5075o
I
4 j10
4.642143.2o A
i 4.642 cos t 143.2o A
Summary of voltage-current relationships
Summary of voltage-current relationships
• The impedance Z of a circuit is
the ratio of the phasor voltage V to
the phasor current I, measured in
ohms (Ω).
• Z=R+jX
– R is the resistance in Ω.
– X is the reactance in Ω .
• The admittance Y is the reciprocal
of impedance, measured in
siemens or mhos (S ).
• Y=G+jB 1 1 R jX
Y
– G is the conductance in S. R jX R jX R jX
– B is the susceptance in S .
1 R jX
– G is not the reciprocal of R Y 2
R jX R X 2
Find i and v
1
Xc 2.5
4 0.1
Z 5 j 2.5
Vs 100o
I 1.78826.56o A
Z 5 j 2.5
V 1.78826.56o ( j 2.5)
i t 1.788 cos 4t 26.56o A
o
V 4.47 63.43 V
vt 4.47 cos4t 63.43 V
o
Find i and v
X L 10 0.2 2
Z 4 j2
Vs 50o
I 1.11826.57o A
Z 4 j2
V 1.11826.57 o ( j 2)
i t 1.118 cos 10t 26.57 o A
o
V 2.236 63.43 V
vt 2.236 cos10t 63.43 V
o
Next Class
ANALYSIS OF AC CIRCUITS –KIRCHHOFF'S LAWS