1.

2 PIC overview

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

What is a microcontroller ?

1. integrates a number of the components of

a microprocessor system onto a single
(IC).

2. A microcomputer built on a single chip.

prepared by: Maher AL-omari
inside a microcontroller

1. CPU + Memory + I/O + Buss system

2. CPU ( the brain) fetch, decode , execute
prepared by: Maher AL-omari
Von Neumann and Harvard Architectures

•a single memory .
• one address bus .
• one data bus .
•same control signal .

•different memories
•different address, data, and control
bus.
•faster access.
•different program and data word
lengths
prepared by: Maher AL-omari
 CISC and RISC Architectures
two different computer models classified according to their set of instructions.

Complex instruction set

complex addressing mode, and in
turn this increased the complexity
of the CPU and its size in the chip.

longer instruction execution time

instructions have different
lengths.

CPU contains more transistors,
they are more expensive

a short set of simple
instructions.

very fast instruction execution
time

all instructions have the same
length.

few addressing modes ( less
complex CPU )

high frequency oscillator (
increase the speed at which
operations are executed.

CPU contains fewer transistors,
they are less expensive to
design and manufacture.
prepared by: Maher AL-omari
What is PIC ?

PIC stands for :

– " Programmable Intelligent Computer".
– Peripheral Interface Controller.

a family of (RISC microcontrollers)made by
Microchip Technology.

a microcode is stored in ROM to perform its
tasks.

runs one instruction per cycle

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

 r am
ia g
kd
loc
7b
7
F8
16
IC
eP
Th

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

Register file concept

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

Register file concept - example

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

Clock generator - oscillator

The main oscillator

internal 4 MHz RC oscillator

prepared by: Maher AL-omari
Clock generator configuration
configuration bits to:
1. Select type of oscillator ;
2. select specific modes of
The main osc operation LP, XT, and HS.

8 MHz and 20 MHz

Used for high-power applications

١٠٠kHz and 4 MHz

internal 4 MHz Used for med-power applications

32 kHz and 200 kHz

Used for low-power applications
prepared by: Maher AL-omari
Machine Cycles and Execution of Instructions

prepared by: Maher AL-omari

Two-step pipelining

prepared by: Maher AL-omari