Interfaces and protocols in LTE

Typesof RNTIs are there in LTE ?( Radio Network Temporary Identifier.)

RNTI is used to indentify one specific radio channel from other radio channel and one user from another
user.
RA-RNTI : UE determines RA-RNTI
T-CRNTI : Network allocate T-CRNTI via RAR as shown in here in the RACH page.
C-RNTI : T-CRNTI becomes C-RNTI once Contention Resolution gets passed

Followings are the brief summary of RNTIs being used in LTE.

 P-RNTI : It stands for Paging RNTI. Used for Paging Message.

 SI-RNTI : It stands for System Information RNTI. Used for transmission of SIB messages
 RA-RNTI : It stands for Random Access RNTI. Used for PRACH Response.
 C-RNTI : It stands for Cell RNTI. Used for the transmission to a specific UE after RACH.
 T-CRNTI : It stands for Temporary C-RNTI. Mainly used during RACH
 SPS-C-RNTI : It stands for Semi persistance Scheduling C-RNTI
 TPC-PUCCH-RNTI : It stands for Transmit Power Control-Physical Uplink Control Channel-
RNTI
 TPC-PUSCH-RNTI : It stands for Transmit Power Control-Physical Uplink Shared Channel-
RNTI
 M-RNTI : It stands for MBMS RNTI
 CC-RNTI : It stands for Common Control RNTI
 G-RNTI : It stands for Group RNTI
 SC-RNTI : It stands for Single Cell RNTI
 SL-RNTI : It stands for Sidelink RNTI
 SC-N-RNTI : It stands for Single Cell Notification RNTI
 eIMTA-RNTI : It stands for Enhanced Interference Management and Traffic Adaptation – RNTI

EPS Bearer

 EPS Bearer spans across LTE Network From UE to PGW

 Every EPS Bearer created for an UE contains a ID for managing it across the network
 Every EPS Bearer is associated with a Quality Of Service Class Identifier (QCI)

 GBR(Guarantee bit rate): Guarantee delivery of packets on high priority

 NGBR(Non GBR): No guarantee delivery, priority can be late.
 ARP(Allocation Retention Priority):Used to set priority to reduce the congestion in the network.

How can we calculate LTE DL/UL throughput?

Lets’ assume we have 20 MHz channel bandwidth.

we need to calculate the resource elements in a subframe for this band i.e.
12subcarriers x 7 OFDMA symbols x 100 resource blocks x 2 slots= 16800 REs per subframe.
 Assume we have 64 QAM modulation and no coding, one modulation symbol will carry 6 bits.
16800 modulation symbols x 6 bits / modulation symbol = 100800 bits.
So, the data rate is 100800 bits / 1 ms = 100.8 Mbps.

With 4×4 MIMO, the peak data rate goes up to 100.8 Mbps x 4 = 403 Mbps.
Estimate about 25% overhead e.g. PDCCH, reference signal, sync signals, PBCH, and some We get
403 Mbps x 0.75 = 302 Mbps.

What is Rank Indicator in MIMO?

In MIMO transmission we have CSI (Channel Status Indicator). CSI have 3 main indicators:
1. CQI (Chennel Quality Indicator),
2. PMI (Pre-coding Metrix Indicator),
3. RI (Rank Indicator).
RI have two values RI 1 means ue face bad radio condition, RI 2 means ue have good radio condition,
behalf of RI1 & RI2 enodeB decide which transmission mode should apply to transmitt a signal in ue
direction.

What is PCI? How to calculate PCI in LTE? Total PCI present in LTE?
Ans. PCI is the physical cell ID of a sectors on site or we can say pci is the name of a sector on a tower.
LTE networks provide a unique value for identifying eNb’s. The PCI value is generated from two signals
– PSS and SSS.
The PSS, Primary Synchronization Signal, has the value 0, 1, and 2.
The SSS, Secondary Synchronization Signal, can have a value between [0--167].
The PCI value is [(3x SSS)+(PSS)], resulting in a value between 0 and 503. Total 504 PCI values.

What is PCI Collision?

Ans. PCI collision means when same number of PCI is broadcasting by two different antenna than it
creates interference. This is called as PCI collision.

What do mean by RSRP, RSRQ and RSSI in LTE? And what kind of information they carry?

RSRP- Reference signal received power Its a most basic parameter in LTE used to show the power of a
received signal, Range is =(-44 to -144)dBM . The formula of RSRP = (RSSI-10 log(12N)).

RSRQ-Refrence signal received quality its used to show the quality of signal, range is (-3 to 19.5)dBM.
The formula is RSRQ=[RSRP/(RSSI/N)]

RSSI-Refrence signal strength indicator its used to show the strength of the received signal and for better

strength used to less than -110. The formula is RSSI-RSRP*12N.

What is Alarm? And what kind of information they provide to RNO?

Alarm is nothing but its a reflection of faults occurring in any components of sites. Basically Alarm is
classified in two categories: (i)Major and (ii) Minor alarm.

There are few alarms and category: