QUESTION 5

Part (i)(a)

An integer rational point on x 2 + y 2 = 1 is (1, 0 ) .

3 4
A non-integer rational point on x 2 + y 2 = 1 is  ,  .
5 5

Part (i) (b)

An integer rational point on x + y = 2 is (1,1) .

2 2

( ) ( )
2 2
cos θ + m sin θ + sin θ − m cos θ = 1+ m

With m = 1 we have ( cos θ + sin θ ) + ( sin θ − cos θ ) = 2

2 2

Hence angle with a rational sine and cosine will work.

2 2
4 3 3 4  4 3
Choose sin θ = ⇒ cos θ = ⇒  +  +  −  = 2
5 5 5 5 5 5
7 1
Hence a non-integer rational point on the circle x + y = 2 is  ,  .
2 2

 5 5

Part (ii) (a)

An integer 2-rational point on the circle x + y = 3 is

2 2
(1, 2 ) .
( ) ( ) = 3 ⇒ p 2 + r 2 + 2 ( q 2 + s 2 ) + 2 2 ( pq + rs ) = 3
2 2
p+q 2 + r+s 2

Hence we require pq + rs = 0, p 2 + r 2 = 1, q 2 + s 2 = 1

3 4 4 3
This is clearly satisfied if p = , q = − , r = , s =
5 5 5 5
 3 4 4 3 
Thus a non-integer 2-rational point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 3 is  − 2, + 2
5 5 5 5 

Part (ii) (b)

( ) ( ) = 11 ⇒ 9 ( p 2 + r 2 ) + 2 ( q 2 + s 2 ) + 6 2 ( pq + rs ) = 11
2 2
3p + q 2 + 3r + s 2

3 4 4 3
As before this works if p = , q = − , r = , s =
5 5 5 5

9 4 12 3 
So a non-integer 2-rational point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = 11 is  − 2, + 2
5 5 5 5 

Part (ii) (c)

( ) ( )
2 2
Now sinh x − 2 2 cosh x − cosh x − 2 2 sinh x =7
2 2
a b
We require a, b, c such that   −   = 1 ⇒ a − b = c ⇒ a = b + c
2 2 2 2 2 2

c c
2 2
5 3
But we already have this with 52 = 32 + 4 2 so   −   = 1
4 4

5 3
Now choose cosh x = ⇒ sinh x = giving a non-integer 2-rational point on the
4 4
3 5 5 3 
hyperbola x 2 − y 2 = 7 of  − 2, − 2 .
4 2 4 2 