Question 1

Since all the coefficients of f ( z ) are all real, when ( 2i ) is a root of f ( z ) = 0 , then ( −2i ) is
another root.

Thus the product of quadratic factors =  z − ( 2i )   z − ( −2i ) 

 z − ( 2i )   z + ( 2i ) 
=

= z2 + 4

f ( z ) = z 4 + 2 2 z 3 + z 2 + 8 2 z − 12
= ( z 2 + 4 )( z 2 + Az − 3)

By comparing coefficients in the terms in z: 4 A= 8 2 ⇒ A= 2 2

(
Thus f ( z ) = ( z 2 + 4 ) z 2 + 2 2 z − 3 )
Consider, z 2 + 2 2 z − 3 =0.

−2 2 ± 8 + 12 −2 2 ± 20
Thus, we have z = = − 2± 5
=
2 2

Hence the other roots are: −2i , − 2 − 5 and − 2 − 5 .

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 2
Question 2
Let a, b and c to be the monthly subscription cost for Amazoon TV, BingeWatch, and
Cinematic.
Aaron : 9a + 12b + 11c =
360
Serene : 12b + 12c =
300

Jaycee : 0.9 ( 9a + 12b ) + 11c =

337.2

 9a + 12b + 11c = 360 a =8

 
Solving the SLE ⇒  12b + 12c = 300 ⇒ b =13
8.1a + 10.8b + 11c = 
337.2 c = 12

The monthly subscription for Amazoon TV, BingeWatch, and Cinematic are $8, $13 and $12
respectively.

© ASRJC 2021
 3
Question 3(i)
a (r − 1)
ar = a + (3 − 1)d ⇒ d = --- (1)
2
a (r 3 − 1)
ar 3 = a + (5 − 1)d ⇒ d = --- (2)
4

Subst (1) into (2),

a (r 3 − 1) a (r − 1)
=
4 2
3
a (r − 1)= 2a (r − 1)

Since a > 0 ,
r 3 − 1= 2(r − 1)
r 3 − 2r + 1 =0

If the common ratio were to be 1, from equation (1), the common difference will be 0. But the
question mentioned d ≠ 0 . That is why the common ratio cannot be 1 even though r = 1 is a
root of the equation.

Question 3(ii)

Let r 3 − 2r + 1 = (r − 1)( Ar 2 + Br + C ) .

Clearly, A = 1 and C = −1 .
Compare coefficient of r : −2 = A − B
B = A+ 2 = 1
So, r 3 − 2r + 1 = (r − 1)(r 2 + r − 1) = 0

Consider r 2 + r − 1 =0 ,

−1 ± 12 − 4(1)(−1) −1 ± 5
=r =
2 2

−1 − 5
Since geometric series is convergent, r ≠ .
2
−1 + 5
Therefore, the common ratio of the convergent geometric series is .
2

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 4
Question 4(a)

1 1 y
Let =
x 2 − x2
⇒ x2 = 2 – x2
⇒ x = 1 (since x > 0)

∴ Area of Region Q Q
1 1 1 1
= ∫ 1 dx − ∫ 1 dx
2 x 2 2 − x 2

1
 x 
= ln x − sin −1
 2  1
x
2 1
 1   1 1
=  ln1 − sin −1  −  ln − sin −1 
 2  2 2
π 1 π
= 0 − − ln +
4 2 6
1 π
= ln 2 − units2
2 12
π 1 1 π
*Accept ln 2 − and − ln −
12 2 2 12

Question 4(b)

y
y=5
1 1
Let 5 = and 5=
x 2 − x2
From GC, x = 0.2 and x = 1.4 (since x > 0)

Required volume R
2 2
1 1 1.4  1 
= Vol of cylinder − π ∫   dx − π ∫   dx
0.2 x
  1 2
 2− x 

= π ( 5 ) (1.4 − 0.2 ) − 12.566 −3.9158

2

x
= 77.8 units3 (3 s.f.) 0.2 1 1.4

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 5
Question 5(i)
1+ x
y=e

ln=
y 1+ x

1 dy 1 −1
= (1 + x) 2
y dx 2

dy
2 ln y =y
dx

d2 y  dy   1   dy  dy
2 ln y 2
+ 2    =
dx  d x   y   d x  dx
2
d 2 y 2  dy  dy
2 ln y 2 +   =
dx y  dx  dx

Question 5(ii)
2
d3 y d 2 y  1   d y  4  dy  d 2 y 2
 dy   1   dy  d y
2 ln y 3 + 2 2     +   2 + 2    − 2    = 2
dx dx  y   dx  y  dx  dx  dx   y   dx  dx
When x = 0 ,
y=e
dy e
=
dx 2
d2 y
=0
dx 2
d3 y e
=
dx3 8
e x 2  e  x3
Maclaurin’s series of y is y = e +   ( x) + (0) +   + 
2 2!  8  3!
e e
e
y =+ x + x3 +
2 48

Question 5(iii)

1+ x e e
e e
=+ x + x3 +
2 48
Differentiating both sides with respect to x,

1 e 1+ x e e
=+ ( 3x 2 ) + 
2 1 + x 2 48

e 1+ x e
e + x2 + 
=
1+ x 8

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 6
Question 6(a)

From graph, x 2 + 1 − e x < 0 for x > 0 .

a
∫
−a
x 2 + 1 − e x dx
0 a
= ∫
−a
x 2 + 1 − e x dx + ∫ − x 2 − 1 + e x d x
0
0 a
x 3
  x3 
=  + x − e x  + − − x + e x 
3 −a  3 0
=−2 + e + e
−a a

Question 6(b)
Differentiating x = tan θ with respect to θ
dx
= sec 2 θ
dθ
x2 ⌠ tan 2 θ
∫ 1 + x2 2 d x = 
 ( sec 2 θ ) dθ
( ) ⌡ (1 + tan θ )
2 2

tan 2 θ
=⌠ dθ
⌡ sec 2 θ
= ∫ sin 2θ dθ
1
(1 − cos 2θ ) dθ
2∫
=

1 sin 2θ 
= θ −  + c , where c is an arbitrary constant
2 2 

x 1
Since x = tan θ , sin θ = and cos θ =
2
1+ x 1 + x2
x2 1 sin 2θ 
∴∫ dx = θ − +c
(1 + x ) 2 2 2 2 

1 2sin θ cos θ 
= θ − +c
2 2 
1  −1 x 
=  tan x − +c
2 1 + x2 

© ASRJC 2021
 7
Question 7(i)
2
( x + 2) ( x − 2 ) + 2 
2
x2
y= → y= 
Replace x with x− 2
 = (Translation of 2 units in the
x +1 ( x − 2) + 1 x −1
positive x-direction)
( px ) =
2
Replace x with px p2 x2 1

→ y= (Scaling of scale factor along
( px ) − 1 px − 1 p
the x-axis)
2 2
Replace y with y − q p x
 → y= +q (Translation of q units in the
px − 1
positive y-direction)

The minimum turning point on C1, (0, 4) corresponds to (a, b) on C2.

1 2
Hence a = ( 0 + 2 ) ⇒ p =
p a
b=4+q ⇒q=b–4

Question 7(ii)

y=

y=0
x

x=α x=β

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 8
Question 8(i)
n

∑ ( (r + 1)
r =1
3
) 23 − 13
− r3 =

+33 − 23
+43 − 33

+ (n)3 − (n − 1)3
+ (n + 1)3 − (n)3
= (n + 1)3 − 1

Question 8(ii)

(r + 1)3 − r 3 = r 3 + 3r 2 + 3r + 1 − r 3

= 3r 2 + 3r + 1
n n

=r 1=r 1
∑ ( (r + 1) 3
r3 )
−= ∑ ( 3r 2
+ 3r + 1)

n n n
− 1 3∑ r 2 + 3∑ r + ∑1
(n + 1)3=
=r 1 =r 1=r 1

n
n
n 3∑ r 2 + 3   (1 + n) + n
n3 + 3n 2 + 3=
r =1 2
n
3 3
3∑ r 2 = n3 + 3n 2 + 3n − n − n 2 − n
r =1 2 2
n
1
∑ r= 2

6
( 2n3 + 3n 2 + n )
r =1

n n
=
6
(n + 1)(2n + 1)=
6
( 2n 2 + 3n + 1)

© ASRJC 2021
 9
Question 8(iii)
N N +2

=
∑ (r + 2)2 =
r 5=r 7
∑ r2
N +2 6
= ∑ r −∑r
=r 1 =r 1
2 2

N +2 6
= ( ( N + 2) + 1)( 2( N + 2) + 1) − ( 6 + 1)( 2(6) + 1)
6 6
1
= ( N + 2 )( N + 3)( 2 N + 5) − 91
6

Alternatively
N N

=
∑ (r + 2)=2
r 5=r 5
∑ (r 2
+ 4r + 4)
N N
=∑ r 2 + ∑ (4r + 4)
=r 5=r 5
N 4 N
= ∑ r 2 − ∑ r 2 + ∑ (4r + 4)
=r 1=r 1=r 5

N 4 N −4
= ( N + 1)(2 N + 1) − (5)(9) + ( 24 + 4 N + 4 )
6 6 2
N
= ( N + 1)(2 N + 1) − 30 + ( N − 4)(14 + 2 N )
6
N
= (2 N 2 + 3 N + 1) − 30 + 14 N + 2 N 2 − 56
6
N 3 5 2 37
= + N + N − 86
3 3 6

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 10
Question 9(i)
When x = 0 ,
π π
tan 2θ − 1 =0 ⇒ 2θ = ⇒θ =
4 8
π  π
y= 1 − 2sec 2   = 1 − 2sec = 1− 2 2
8 4
The coordinates of the point where C cuts the y-axis is (0,1 − 2 2)

Question 9(ii)
dx dy
= 2sec 2 2θ ; = −4sec 2θ tan 2θ
dθ dθ
dy
dy dθ −4sec 2θ tan 2θ
= =
dx dx 2sec 2 2θ
dθ
= −2sin 2θ
When θ = 0 ,
dy
x = −1 and y = −1 and =0.
dx
The coordinates are (−1, −1) and the gradient of C at this point is 0.
π
As θ → − ,
4
x → −∞ and y → −∞
dy
→2
dx

π
As θ →
4
x → +∞ and y → −∞
dy
→ −2
dx

© ASRJC 2021
 11
Question 9(iii)
y 2 x + a and y =
Let the equations of the asymptote be = −2 x + b .
Substitute x = −1 and y = 1 into the equations,

1 = 2(−1) + a ⇒ a = 3
1 =−2(−1) + b ⇒ b =−1
y 2 x + 3 and y =
Therefore the equations of the asymptotes are = −2 x − 1 .

y = 2x + 3

x
(–1,–1)

(0, 1–2√2)
y = –2x – 1

Question 9(iv)
1− y
Let tan 2θ= x + 1 and sec 2θ =
2
Since 1 + tan 2 2θ =
sec 2 2θ
2
 1− y 
1 + ( x + 1) =
2
 
 2 
(1 − y ) 4 4 ( x + 1)
2 2
=+

y − 1 =± 4 + 4 ( x + 1)
2

y − 1 =− 4 + 4 ( x + 1) 4 + 4 ( x + 1)
2 2
reject y − 1=

1 4 + 4 ( x + 1)
2
y =−

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 12
Question 10(i)
Let α = ∠TPB and β = ∠CPB

tan
= θ tan(α − β )
tan α − tan β
=
1 + tan α tan β

b a
−
tan θ = x x
 b  a 
1+   
 x  x 

tan θ =
(b − a ) x
x 2 + ab

Question 10(ii)

d d  (b − a ) x 
( tan θ ) =  2 
dx dx  x + ab 

dθ ( x + ab ) ( b − a ) − (2 x) ( b − a ) x
2

sec θ2
=
( x 2 + ab )
2
dx

dθ ( ab − x ) ( b − a )
2

sec θ2
=
( x 2 + ab )
2
dx

OR
 (b − a ) x 
θ = tan −1  2 
 x + ab 
dθ
=
1
×
(x 2
+ ab ) ( b − a ) − 2 x 2 ( b − a )

(x + ab )
2 2
dx  (b − a ) x  2
1+  2 
 x + ab 
=

dθ
= 0,
( ab − x ) ( b − a ) =0
2

( x + ab )
2
dx 2

ab or x =
x= − ab (rej  x > 0)

© ASRJC 2021
 13

dθ ( ab − x ) ( b − a )
2

=
dx ( x 2 + ab )2 sec 2 θ

Since ( x 2 + ab ) > 0 , sec 2 θ > 0 and b > a ⇒ b − a > 0 , it suffices to check ( ab − x 2 )

2

Using first derivative test:

x
( ) ( )
− +
ab ab ab
dθ +ve 0 -ve
dx  ab − x 2 > 0  ab − x 2 < 0

∴ θ is a maximum when x = ab .

When x = ab ,

tan θ =
(b − a ) ab
2ab

Question 10(iii)
Given
= a 50,
= b 70 ,

tan θ
=
(=
b − a) x 20 x
2 2
x + ab x + 3500

x
30 80

3 1
< tan θ ≤
22 35

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 14
Question 10(iv)
dx
= −3
dt
When
= a 50,
= b 70,
= x 10 ,

tan θ =
(b − a ) x
x 2 + ab
1
=
18
325
∴ sec 2 θ =
324

dθ ( x − ab ) ( a − b )
2
17
= = or 0.0052308
dx ( x 2 + ab ) sec 2 θ 3250
2

dθ dθ dx
= ×
dt dx dt
17
=−3 ×
3250
51
= −
3250
51
The angle θ is decreasing at a rate of rad/s .
3250

© ASRJC 2021
 15
Question 11(i)

6
 
p : 6 x − 5 y + 2 z + 5 =0 ⇒ r ⋅  −5  =−5
 2
 
10   15 
x − 10 y − 15 z − 5    
l: = = ⇒= r  15  + λ  14  , λ ∈ 
15 14 −10 5  −10 
   
10   6 
Consider,  15  ⋅  −5  =
60 − 75 + 10 =−5 ⇒ (10,15,5 ) lies on both l & p.
5  2
   
 15   6 
Consider,  14  ⋅  −5  = 90 − 70 − 20= 0 ⇒ l is parallel to p .

 −10   2 
   
Therefore, the path l lies on plane p.

Question 11(ii)
x − 10 1 y − 15 1
When z = 0, = ⇒ x = 17.5 and = ⇒ y = 22
15 2 14 2
Thus fixed point has coordinates (17.5, 22, 0 ) .

Question 11(iii)

 30   −10  6
     
m:r =  −10  + t  9  , t ∈  and p : r ⋅  −5  =−5
 0   15   2
     
 30 − 10t   6 
Consider,  −10 + 9t  ⋅  −5  =−5 .

   
 15t   2 

−5 .
⇒ 180 − 60t + 50 − 45t + 30t =
⇒ 75t =
235

47 2
⇒ t= = 3
15 15

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 16

 30 − 10 ( 15
47
)   − 43 
 47 
r = −10 + 9 ( 15 )  = 915 
 15 ( 47 )   47 
 15   

 4 91 
The unauthorised drone hits the plane p at coordinates  − , , 47  after taking off for 3 min
 3 5 
8 seconds (or 3.13 min).

Question 11(iv)

Let A(where unauthorised drone hits plane p) and

B(point on line l) be points whose coordinates are
 4 91 
 − , , 47  and (10,15,5 ) respectively.
 3 5 
 15 
Let direction vector of line be d =  14  .
 −10  F
 
Line l
 −  10   − 3 
→  3
4 34

 
Thus, BA =  915  −  15  =  165  .
 47   5   42 
     

→ d
Shortest distance
= BA×
d
 − 343   15 
 16  1  
=  5 ×  14 
 42  521  
   −10 
 −620 
1  1550 
= = 36.49877
= 36.5 m (3 sig. fig.)
521  −620 
3

 3 

© ASRJC 2021
 17
Question 11(v)
Let F be the foot of the perpendicular from A to line l.
→
10 + 15λ   − 43   15λ + 343 
     
AF =15 + 14λ  −  915  = 14λ − 165 
 5 − 10λ   47   −10λ − 42 
     

→
 15λ + 343   15 
   
AF ⋅ d = 0 ⇒  14λ − 165  ⋅  14  = 0
 −10λ − 42   −10 
   

2726
⇒ 521λ =−545.2 ⇒ λ =− =−1.04645
2605

 − 2968
→ 521   −5.70 
 911   
Thus
= OF = 2605   0.350  .
 8057   15.5 
 521   
Alternatively,

→
 − 43  10   − 343 
     16 
BA =  915  −  15  =  5 .
 47   5   42 
     
→  → dd
BF =  BA⋅ 
 d  d

 − 343   15    15   15 
 16  1   1   2726  
=  5  ⋅  14    14  = −  14 
2605 
 42  521  −10   521  −10  
 −10 
 

→
 15  10   − 2968
521   −5.70 
2726      911   
OF =
− 14  + =15  == 2605   0.350 
2605      8057   
 −10    5  521   15.5 

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 18
Question 12(i)
dI
= RI
dt
1
∫ I dI = ∫ Rdt
ln =I Rt + c1 , since I > 0
I = A1e Rt , where A1 = ec1

When t = 0, I = 5,
5= A1e0 ⇒ A1 = 5

∴I =5e Rt

Question 12(ii)

It means that the number of people being infected will double after every day.

Question 12(iii)

When t = 1, model (I) gives I = 5e R

model (II) gives I1 = 5 ( 21 )
Equating 5e R = 5 ( 21 ) ,
eR = 2
R = ln 2

Question 12(iv)

Model (I) is a better model because it can be used to predict the number of infected people at
any one time whereas model (II) can only predict so at the start of every new day.

Alternative explanation
The number of infected people must be of integer values. Hence Model (II) is a better model
than model (I).

to be awarded for any plausible explanation.

© ASRJC 2021
 19
Question 12(v)

dI
dt

0 5000 10000 I

dI
From the graph of against t, there are 5000 people infected at the instance when the rate
dt
of infection is the greatest.
dI dI
Sub I = 5000 and = 2500 =into aI (10000 − I ) ,
dt dt
= 2500 5000(10000 − 5000)a ⇒ a = 0.0001

Question 12(vi)
dI
= 0.0001I (10000 − I )
dt
1
∫ I (10000 − I ) dI = ∫ 0.00001 dt
1
∫ I 2 − 10000 I dI = ∫ −0.00001 dt
1
∫ ( I − 5000)2 − 50002 dI = ∫ −0.00001 dt
1 ( I − 5000) − 5000
ln −0.00001t + c2
=
2(5000) ( I − 5000) + 5000
I − 10000
ln =−t + 10000c2
I
I − 10000
= A2 e − t , where A2 = ± e10000 c2
I
I − 10000 = A2 Ie − t
I (1 − A2 e − t ) =
10000
10000
I=
1 − A2 e − t

When t = 0, I = 5,
10000
5= −1999
⇒ A2 =
1 − A2 e0
10000 10000
Sub A2 = −1999 in I = , we get I =
1 − A2 e −t
1 + 1999e − t

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 20
Question 12(vii)

I
10000 I = 10000

10000
I=
1 + 1999e − t

5 t

© ASRJC 2021