TABLE OF CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 AC USED
 COMPRESSOR DATA
 REFRIGERATION CYCLE
 TEMPERATURE CALCULATION
 ENTHALPY CALCULATION
 COP CALCULATION
 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION

In this report we will discuss about the important parameters of an AC that works on a
refrigeration cycle. In this report we will find the temperature of AC at all its working stages , its
enthalpy at each stage. We will also determine the COP of an AC that decides its performance
and also has been used as the measure to compare two products. In this report we will discuss
the analysis of these parameters of the AC installed in my house. It will help us to get more
knowledge of working about my AC.

AC USED

In my house we have installed LG 1.5 Ton 5 Star Dual Inverter Split AC (Copper KS-Q18HNZD
White). The brand of this AC is LG and the series is KS-Q18HNZD. its indoor dimension is 998
mmx 330 mm x 210mm and Outdoor dimension is 770 mm x 545 mmx 288 mm.
COMPRESSOR DATA

In this section of report we will discuss the data obtained about compressor form the
compressor’s came with air conditioner. It is a rotary compressor based refrigerant..This
compressor uses R-134a as refrigerant. The data obtained from compressor’s data regarding
pressure is as follows

Pressure at compressor entrance: P1=¿1.32 ¯¿ ¿

Pressure at compressor exit : P2=¿9.12 ¯¿ ¿

Pressure at condenser exit : P3=¿9.12 ¯¿ ¿

Pressure at throttle exit : P4 =¿ 1.32¯¿¿

REFRIGERATION CYCLE

These are four main components of the refrigeration cycle: the compressor, condenser, expansion
unit, and evaporator. Refrigerant stays trapped in the refrigerant system between these four
elements. The refrigerant begins as a cool vapor and goes to the part one: the compressor. The
compressor is commonly known as the refrigeration cycle engine (Turns, Stephen (2006) , p :
152) it uses the most power out of the components of the HVAC device and drives the coolant
through the machine. The cold, ionized refrigerant is converted into a very hot and elevated-
pressure vapor when being concentrated.

The role of the condenser is to cool the refrigerant such that it transforms, or condenses, from a
gas to a liquid. (The Ideal Vapor-Compression Cycle Archived 2007-02-26 , p : 246) It occurs
as moist outside air is packed with soft, ionized refrigerant over the condenser wire. It enables
heat to be moved from the refrigerant to the colder outside air, where the surplus heat is released
into the air

The coolant now enters the expanding system as a hot liquid with a strong pressure. The
expanding state is responsible for slowing down the coolant stress such that it will steam
(evaporate) in the evaporator quite effectively

Because the refrigerant becomes a liquid combination of fluid and gas (vapor), it continues
flowing into the evaporator. The evaporator is responsible for refrigerating the air that goes
through space through heating (evaporating) the refrigerant that runs via it. (Fundamentals of
Engineering Thermodynamics , p : 348) This occurs because, when cold refrigerant passes
through the evaporator wire, warm air is forced over the evaporator. Heat move from the air to
the refrigerant, which immediately cools the air until it is vented into the vacuum.

In this cycle we have shown T-s and P-h diagram for the given pressure conditions.
TEMPERATURE CALCULATION

By the help of the refrigerant property table ("The Basic Vapor Compression Cycle and
Component” , 2006 , p : 543), we get

T2’ = T3 = 36C = 36 +273 = 309 K

T1 = T4 = -7C = 7 + 273 = 266 K

So, Temperature at compressor entrance T1= 266 K

 Temperature at compressor exit T2= 309 K

Temperature at condenser exit T3= 309 K

Temperature at expansion valve exit T4 = 266 K

ENTHALPY CALCULATION

By the use of refrigerant enthalpy table ("The Basic Vapor Compression Cycle and Component” ,
2006 , p : 543) , we get

Enthalpy at entrance of evaporator hf3 = h4 =70.55kJ/kg

Enthalpy at exit of expansion valve hf3 = h4 =70.55kJ/kg
Enthalpy at vapor coming out from evaporator hf1 = hf4 = 293.62kJ/kg
Enthalpy at the exit of compressor h2 = 201.8 kJ/jkg
Enthalpy at the entrance of condenser h2 = 201.8 kJ/jkg
Enthalpy at the entrance of compressor h1 = 184.5 kJ/kg
Specific heat of the refrigerant cp = 0.64 kJ/jkg K

We can calculate that enthalpy of superheated vapour at point 2 as

h2s = h2 + cp (T2 - T2' )
=201.8 + 0.64 (317-309) = 206.92 kJ/kg.

COP CALCULATION

The efficiency coefficient (COP) ( Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles (2008) , p : 635) is a
output metric that shows us how powerful a heat pump or air conditioner is when transmitting
heat and how much electrical power it absorbs. Note, heating systems and air conditioners
transfer heat from a low temperature environment and transport this "uphill" heat to a high
temperature region, so according to the rules of thermodynamics (heat rules), which claim that
heat moves automatically from anything hot to anything cold. The "uphill" heat transfer from a
low temperature environment to a high temperature environment thus needs effort, and the COP
determines how effectively a heat pump or air conditioner does this function by asking us how
much power is needed to work it efficiently .

The COP of an air conditioning cycle is given by (Dincer, Ibrahim (2003) , p : 598)

h1−h f 3
COPtheoritical =
h 2−h1

h2 = 201.8 kJ/jkg

h1 = 184.5 kJ/kg

hf3 = h4 =70.55kJ/kg

184.5−70.55
COPtheoritical = = 5.1
201.8−184.5

Actual COP is given by COP ACTUAL =relative COP∗COPTHEORITICAL

AS mentioned on the data manual of AC relative COP is equals to 0.65.

So ,

COP ACTUAL =( 0.65 )∗( 5.1 )

COP ACTUAL =3.315

COP based on carnot cycle =

TL 266
COP= = =6.18
T H −T L
309−266

CARNOT ‘s COP is always more than the actual COP because it works on ideal conditions
neglecting all heat losses in cycle.
REFERENCES

 The Systems and Equipment volume of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc.,

Atlanta, GA, 2004
  Cengel, Yunus A. and Michael A. Boles (2008). Thermodynamics: An Engineering
Approach (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-330537-5.
  Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, by Howell and Buckius, McGraw-Hill,
New York.
  The Ideal Vapor-Compression Cycle Archived 2007-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
  "The Basic Vapor Compression Cycle and Components"". Archived from the original on
2006-06-30. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
 Turns, Stephen (2006). Thermodynamics: Concepts and Applications. Cambridge
University Press. p. 756. ISBN 0-521-85042-8.
 Dincer, Ibrahim (2003). Refrigeration Systems and Applications. John Wiley and Sons.
p. 598. ISBN 0-471-62351-2.