1. An SCR has half cycle surge current rating of 3000 A for 50 Hz supply.

One cycle surge

current will be
a) 1500A
b) 6000A
c) 2121.32A
d) 4242.64A
3000
Explanation: I max  3000 A , I rms   2121.32
2

2. A single phase one pulse controlled circuit has a resistance R and counter emf E load, 400sin
(314t) as the source voltage. For a load counter emf of 200V, the range of firing angle control is
a) 30° to 150°
b) 30° to 180°
c) 60° to 120°
d) 60° to 180°

Explanation: 400sin   200 ,   300 So, control range is θ to (π- θ) i.e. 30° to 150°.

3. A step up chopper has input voltage 110V and output voltage 150V. The value of duty cycle
a) 0.32
b) 0.67
c) 0.45
d) 0.27

Explanation: For step-up chopper, E0=Edc/(1-α), E0 = output voltage and Edc = output voltage,
where α = duty cycle α = 1-(110/150) ⇒ 0.27.

4. AC power in a load can be controlled by using

a) Two SCR’s in parallel opposition
b) Two SCR’s in series
c) Three SCR’s in series
d) Four SCR’s in series

Explanation: Current division takes place in case of parallel connection but in anti parallel
connection desired current division does not take place as SCRs.

5. C filters are suitable for _________load resistances and L filters are suitable for________ load
a) low, low
b) high, high
c) high, low
d) low, high

Explanation: In case of L filter, if R is lowered, the time constant (L/R) increases, therefore
ripple factor reduces. In case of a C filter, the time constant RC is increased, therefore, ripple
factor is reduced.
6. Which is the Power semiconductor device having easy drive features?
a) GTO
b) MOSFET
c) SCR
d) IGBT

Power semiconductor device

a) Highest switching speed- MOSFET

b) Highest voltage / current ratings- SCR
c) Easy drive features -MOSFET
d) Can be most effectively paralleled- MOSFET
e) Can be protected against over-currents with a fuse- SCR
f) Gate-turn off capability with regenerative features- GTO
g) Easy drive and High power handling capability- IGBT

7. Which is the Power semiconductor device having highest voltage / current ratings?
a) IGBT
b) MOSFET
c) SCR
d) MCT

8. Which is the Power semiconductor device having Gate-turn off capability with regenerative features?
a) GTO
b) MOSFET
c) SIT
d) SCR

9. Which is the Power semiconductor device having easy drive and high power handling capability?
a) GTO
b) Power Diode
c) SCR
d) IGBT

10. For a given forward current the reverse recovery time of a Power diode _______ with the rate of
decrease of the forward current.
a. is constant
b. increases
c. decreases
d. overshoots

11. BJT has ______________ switching loss and______________ conduction loss.

a) lower, lower
b) higher, lower
c) lower, higher
d) higher, higher

12. In case of Thyristor which expression is correct?

a) Latching current > Holding current
b) Latching current < Holding current
 c) Latching current = Holding current
d) None of the above.

13. The forward i-v characteristic of a GTO is similar to that of a ______________.

a) MOSFET
b) Power Diode
c) IGBT
d) SCR

14. A power diode with small softness factor (S-factor) has

a) small oscillatory over voltages
b) large oscillatory over voltages
c) large peak reverse current
d) small peak reverse current

Explanation: Peak reverse current is independent of S-factor smaller the value of S-factor larger the
oscillatory over voltage.

15. Latching current for an SCR is 100 mA; DC source of 200 V is also connected from the SCR to the L
load. Compute the minimum width of the gate pulse required to turn on the device. Take L = 0.2 H.
a) 50 μsec
b) 150 μsec
c) 100 μsec
d) 200 μsec

Solution: For L load, E = L di/dt, I = E/L.t

Therefore, 0.100 = 200t/0.2
T = 100 μsec.

16. For a SCR the maximum rms on-state current is 35 A. If the SCR is used in a resistive circuit for a
rectangular wave with conduction angle of 90°. Calculate the average & rms currents respectively.
a) I/4, I/2
b) I/2, I/√2
c) I/4, I2/2
d) I/4, I/√2

Explanation: First convert the conduction angle into N for rectangular wave.
N = 360°/Conduction angle = 4
Therefore, Iavg = I/4, Irms = I/√4 = I/2.

17. The Programmable Unijunction Transistor (PUT) turns on & starts conducting when the
a) gate voltage exceeds anode voltage by a certain value
b) anode voltage exceeds gate voltage by a certain value
c) gate voltage equals the anode voltage
d) gate is given negative pulse w.r.t to cathode

Explanation: The device only starts to conduct when the forward anode to cathode voltage exceeds
the applied gate to cathode voltage.
18. A single-pulse transformer with secondary voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz, delivers power to bulb of R = 10
Ω through a half-wave controlled rectifier circuit. For α = 60° and output AC power of 2127 Watts,
find the rectification efficiency
a) 25%
b) 28 %
c) 20%
d) 22%

Explanation: Vo = (Vm/2π) x (1+cosα) = 77.64 V

Pdc = Vo2xR = 602.8 W
Rectification efficiency = Pdc/Pac = 28.32 %.

19. The SITH (Static Induction Thyristor) is a

a) p+ n+ diode with p+ electrodes
b) n+ p+ n– diode with p+ electrodes
c) p+ n n+ diode with p+ electrodes
d) p n+ p+ n with p+ electrodes

20. A 230 V, 50 Hz, one-pulse SCR controlled converter has extinction angle β = 210°. Find the circuit
turn-off time.
a) 10 m-sec
b) 0
c) 8.3 m-sec
d) 5.4 m-sec

Answer: t = 2π-β/ω, Where, π = 90°, ω = 2xπx50, β = 210°.

21. For a single phase half controlled converter with R load, find the value of the average output voltage
with α = 30° & Vs = 240 V.
a) 100.8 V
b) 10.08 V
c) 80.10 V
d) 120 V

Explanation: Vm = √2 Vs = 339.41 V
Vavg = ∫ Vm Sin ωt d(ωt) where the integration runs from α to π
Vavg = Vm/2π (1+cos α).

22. A single-phase half-wave thyristor circuit with R load is triggered at an angle of α = 0°. As such, the
maximum value of the average output voltage would be given by
Consider Vs = Vm sinωt.
a) Vm
b) Vm/π
c) 2Vm/π
d) Vm/α

Explanation: For the whole cycle of 2π, the R load would be active only for half of the cycle. Hence, Vo
= Vm/π.
23. For a single phase half wave diode rectifier having RL load and FW diode with input voltage Vs =
Vm sin ωt. The expression for the average voltage is
a) Vm//√2
b) Vm/2π
c) Vm/2
d) Vm/ π

Explanation: Due to the FD, we get 1st quadrant operation.

Where, output voltage (Avg) = 1/2π [ ∫Vm sin ωt d(ωt) ], integration runs from 0 to 180 degrees.

24. When diode is connected in series to an AC source & RL load, the conduction time for the diode
a) is always less than π
b) is 0
c) can be greater than π
d) is π

Explanation: For an R – L load, the inductively load can make the diode to force conducted hence, the
conduction time can be greater than 180 degrees.

25. A GTO can be represented by two transistors T1 & T2. The current gain of both transistors is α1 and α2
respectively. A low value of gate current requires
a) low value of α1 and α2
b) low value of α1 and high value of α2
c) high value of α1 and low value of α2
d) high values of α1 and α2

Explanation: In order that the gate current for turning-off the device is low, α2 should be made as nearer
to unity as possible whereas α1 should be small.

26. For a single phase, full bridge, diode rectifier excited from a 230 V, 50 Hz source. With R = 10 Ω &
the inductance (L) large enough to maintain continues conduction, the average and RMS values of
diode currents will be
a) 7.85 A, 8 A
b) 10.35 A, 7.85 A
c) 10.35 A, 14.6 A
d) 8 A, 8 A

Explanation:
Id(avg) = Io/2 = Vo/2R
Id(rms) = Io/√2 = Vo/R√2.

27. A load of R = 60 Ω is fed from 1phase, 230 V, 50 Hz supply through a step-up transformer & than a
diode. The transformer turns ratio = 2. The power delivered to the load is
a) 147 Watts
b) 714 Watts
c) 417 Watts
d) 974 Watts

Explanation: P = Vo2/R, Vo = Vm/π

AC supplied to the rectifier is 2 x 230 = 460 V (rms)
Therefore, Vo = √2 x 460 / π = 207.04, P = 714.43 W.
28. A step-down delta-star transformer, with per-phase turns ratio of 5 is fed from a 3-phase 1100 V, 50
Hz source. The secondary of this transformer is connected through a 3-pulse type rectifier, which is
feeding feeding an R load. Find the average value of output voltage.
a) 220/ /√2 V
b) 275 V
c) 1100/√3 V
d) 257 V

Explanation: Vph = 1100/5 = 220 V (Transformer ratio = 5)

Vmp = √2 x 220 V
Vo = 3√3/2π x Vmp = (√2 x √3 x 3 x 220)/(2 x π).

29. A 3-phase bridge rectifier charges a 240 V battery. The rectifier is given a 3 phase, 230 V supply. The
current limiting resistance in series with the battery is of 8 Ω. Find the average value of battery
charging current.
a) 8.82 A
b) 6.82 A
c) 7.82 A
d) 5.82 A

Explanation: Vo = (3√2 x 230)/π = 310.56 V

Draw the battery charging circuit, Vo = E + (Io x R)
Io = (Vo – E)/R = (310.56 – 240)/8.

30. A motor load is connected to a single-phase full bridge converter type controlled rectifier. The net
energy is transferred from ac source to the motor (dc load) when
a) π+α > 90
b) π-α > α
c) π+α > α
d) π-α > 90

Explanation: Converter will work as a line commuted inverter when π-α > α.

31. A single-phase full converter bridge is connected to a RLE load. The source has a rms voltage of 230
V and the average load current is 10 A. Find the firing angle for which the power flows from the DC
load to the AC source. Consider E = 120 V, R = 0.4 Ω, L = 2 Henry.
a) 142°
b) 183°
c) 124°
d) 109°

Explanation: We have, Vo = E + IR
Vo = 2Vm/π x cosα . . . (i)
Substitute the given values to discover α = 124°
Note that as the power is flowing from DC to AC E has to be negative. E = -120V.

32. A three-phase 3 pulse converter is operated from a 3-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz supply with load resistance
R = 10 Ω. Find the value of firing angle if an average output voltage of 50% of the maximum possible
output voltage is required.
a) 35°
b) 75.7°
 c) 25°
d) 67.7°

Explanation: We need , Vo = 0.5 Vom.

α>30° hence we use the equation Vo = (3√3/2π) x Vmp x [1+cos(30+α)] √3Vmp = Vml = √2×230
Therefore, Vo = (3/2π) x √3 Vml x [1+cos(30+α)] = 0.5Vom
(1/√3) x [1+cos(30+α)] = Vo x 2π/3Vml = Vo/Vom = 1/2
α = 67.7°.

33. A 3-phase full converter feeds power to an R load of 10 Ω. For a firing angle delay of 30° the load
takes 5 kW. An inductor of large value is also connected to the load to make the current ripple free.
Find the value of per phase input voltage.
a) 191/√3 V
b) 230/√3 V
c) 133 V
d) 298/√3 V

Explanation: Ior = Vo/R = (3Vml/Rπ) cos α

P = 5 kW = Ior2 x R = [(3Vml/π) cos α]2 x 1/R] Therefore,
Vs (line) = √50000 x (π/√2 x 3 x cos30) = 191.22 V
Vs (phase) = 191/√3 V.

34. A three-phase semi-converter circuit is given a supply of 400 V. It produces at the output terminals an
average voltage of 381 V. Find the rectification efficiency of the converter circuit.
a) 99.65 %
b) 95.25 %
c) 91.25 %
d) 97.65 %

Explanation: Rectification efficiency = Pdc/Pac

Pdc = Vo x Io . . . (both average values of output current and voltage)
Pac = Vrms x Irms . . . (both rms values of input current and voltage)
For a semi-converter Irms = Io
Therefore, Rectification efficiency = 381/400 = 95.25 %.

35. A 3-phase full converter delivers a ripple free load current of 10 A with a firing angle delay of 45°.
The input voltage is 3-phase, 400 V, 50 Hz. Find the value of 2nd harmonic source current amplitude.
a) 11.25 A
b) 0.256 A
c) 2.69 sin (ωt – 45) A
d) 0 A

Explanation: 2nd harmonics are absent in a 3-phase full converter, it has only odd number of harmonics
i.e. 3rd, 5th etc.

36. A single phase full converter is made to deliver a constant load current. For zero firing angle, the
overlap angle is 15 degrees. Calculate the overlap angle when firing angle is 60 degrees.
a) 3.7 degrees
b) 2.7 degrees
c) 2.23 degrees
d) 1.5 degrees
37. A 3 phase full converter bridge is connected to supply voltage of 230V per phase and a frequency of
50Hz. The source inductance is 4mH.The load current on dc side is constant at 20A. If the load
consists of a dc source of internal emf 400V with internal resistance of 1 ohm, then calculate the
overlap angle in degrees.
a) 8.22 degrees
b) 2.82 degrees
c) 3.8 degrees
d) 5.2 degrees

38. A step down chopper has input dc voltage of 220 V and R = 10 Ω in series with L = 65 mH. If the
load current varies linearly between 11 A and 17 A, then find the duty cycle α.
a) 1
b) 0.4
c) 0.6
d) 0.7

Explanation: Average load current = 11+17 / 2 = 14A

Average load voltage = IxR = 14×10 = 140V
But, Vo = α x Vs
Therefore, α x 220 = 140, α = 0.7.

39. In case of a PWM rectifier with single-pulse width modulation where the pulse width = 2d, to
eliminate the 3rd harmonic from the input current waveform, the value of the pulse width (2d) must
be
a) 0°
b) 120°
c) 60°
 d) 180°

Explanation: To eliminate the nth harmonic, nd = π.

Therefore, d = π/n = π/3 = 60°
Hence, 2d = 120°.

40. Find the peak value of the fundamental component of voltage with multiple pulse modulation with
two pulses having pulse width = 36° and ɣ = 54°.
a) 0.7484 x Vs
b) 1.414 x Vs
c) 0.637 x Vs
d) 2.54 x Vs

Explanation: For the fundamental component put n = 1.

n = 36° and ɣ = 54° . . . (given)
Vo1 = 8Vs/π x sin54 x sin18 = 0.637 Vs

41. In case of extinction angle control of power factor improvement if β= 60° then the source current
leads the supply voltage by-
a) 40°
b) 90°
c) 50°
d) 60°

42. In case of sinusoidal pulse width modulation with Modulation index < 1, if the number of pulses per
half cycle (N) = 5, then
a) harmonics of order 5 and 7 become significant
b) harmonics of order 5 and 7 are eliminated
c) harmonics of order 9 and 11 become significant
d) harmonics of order 9 and 11 are eliminated

Explanation: For MI less than one, largest harmonic amplitudes in the output voltage are associated with
harmonics of order 2N (+/-) 1. Thus, by increasing the number of pulses per half cycle (N), the order of
the dominate harmonic can be raised, which can be filtered out easily.

43. For a step down converter dc source voltage is 230V, load resistance =10 ohms, voltage drop across
the switch is 2V when it is on. For a duty cycle of 0.4, calculate chopper efficiency.
a) 99%
b) 90%
c) 85%
d) 83%

Explanation: Vo (rms) = √0.4 x (230 – 2) = 144.2 V

 Po = 144.22/10 = 2079.3 Watts
Pi = 2097 Watts
η = Po/Pi = 99.14 %.

44. A step up/ step down chopper has input dc voltage of 220V and output voltage of 660V. If the
conduction time of thyristor chopper is 120µs, compute the pulse width of load voltage.
a) 20µs
b) 40µs
c) 60µs
d) 50µs

Explanation: 660 = 220/1-α

α = 2/3 = Ton/T
Ton = 2T/3 = 120μs. This gives chopping period T = 120 x 3/2 = 180 μs
Toff = T – Ton = 180 – 120 = 60 μs.

45. In case of multiple pulse width modulation method, if the amplitudes of the reference wave and the
carrier wave are made equal then, the pulse width =
a) 0
b) ∞
c) 100 °
d) none of the mentioned

Explanation: In multiple pulse width modulation, the pulse width is given by

[ 1 – (Vr/Vc) ] x (π/N) (in degrees)
If Vr = Vc
Pulse width = 0.

46. A chopper may be thought as a

a) Inverter with DC input
b) DC equivalent of an AC transformer
c) Diode rectifier
d) DC equivalent of an induction motor

Explanation: It is a DC equivalent of an AC transformer because it behaves in the similar manner i.e.

converting fixed DC to variable DC.

47. In a flyback converter, the inductor of the buck-boost converter has been replaced by a
a) Flyback capacitor
b) Flyback resistor
c) Flyback transformer
d) Flyback transistor
48. For bidirectional operation of converters
a) A parallel combination of controllable switch and a diode is used
b) A parallel combination of controllable switch and capacitor is used
c) A series combination of controllable switch and a diode is used
d) A series combination of controllable switch and a capacitor is used

49. For a buck converter to reduce the conduction losses in diode

a) A high on - resistance switch can be added in parallel
b) A low on - resistance switch can be added in parallel
c) A high on - resistance switch can be added in series
d) A low on - resistance switch can be added in series

50. The output current in PWM DC - DC converters is equal to

a) Average value of the output inductor current
b) Product of an average inductor current and a function of duty ratio
c) Either (a) or (b)
d) None of these

51. A Buck converter is driven by a constant input voltage 30V. The switching frequency is 10 kHz, the
L and C of the converter is 1mH and 10μF. Calculate the output ripple voltage when duty ratio of gate
signal of the transistor is 0.5. The converter is operating in continuous mode.
a) 0.1456V
b) 0.9375V
c) 0.9855V
d) 0.9575V

52. A Ćuk converter operates at 50kHz switching frequency. The On-state time of the transistor is 12μs.
The input voltage is 100V. The load resistance varies between 50-500Ω. Considering the converter
operating in continuous mode, calculate the voltage rating of the diode.
a) 250V
b) 150V
c) 260V
d) 50V
53. The Flyback Converter has an input of 44V, an output of 3V, a duty ratio of 0.32 and switching
frequency of 300kHz. The load resistance is 1 ohm. Determine the transformer magnetizing
inductance such that minimum inductor current is 40 percentage of the average.
a) 0.115
b) 0.245
c) 0.145
d) 0.178

54. SCRs having turn-off times of 8 μsec is connected in a load-commutated chopper. The load current is
10 amperes, level. What is the minimum value of commutating capacitor necessary for successful
commutation? Supply voltage is 20 V DC.
a) 0.4µF
b) 0.6µF
c) 0.8µF
d) 0.1µF
55. Which among the following power supplies will be most energy-efficient if operated under wide
input voltage variation and at full load:
a) Linear power supply
b) Switched mode power supply
c) Switched mode followed by linear power supply
d) Linear followed by switched mode power supply

56. A 60watt, 15V ± 0.2V, power supply specified to deliver regulated output for input supply (50Hz)
variation from 180 volts to 270 volts will be different from another power supply with identical
output rating but capable of outputting regulated voltage over input range of 90 volts to 270 volts in
respect of:-
a) Less cost
b) More bulky and more costly
c) Higher current rating of power-switch
d) None of the above

57. Linear isolated power supplies will generally be superior to switched-mode power supplies
(outputting isolated voltage) in respect to the following
a) Higher efficiency in the entire range of load and supply variations
b) Better dynamic regulation of output voltage against supply variations
c) Less volume and weight for identical input and output ratings
d) All the above

58. A regulated power supply should be able to maintain output voltage within specified limits in spite of
a) Unlimited variation in supply voltage
b) Unlimited variation in load at the output
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Only for load and supply parameter- variations in the specified range

59. A fly-back converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode with fixed ON duration of the
switch in each switching cycle. Assuming input voltage and the resistive load at the output to remain
constant, how will the output voltage change with change in switching frequency? (Assume
discontinuous conduction throughout and neglect circuit losses.)
a) Output voltage varies directly with switching frequency.
b) Output voltage varies inversely with switching frequency.
c) Output voltage varies directly with square root of switching frequency.
d) Output voltage is independent of switching frequency.

60. A fly-back converter is to be designed to operate in just-continuous conduction mode when the input
dc is at its minimum expected voltage of 200 volts and when the load draws maximum power. The
load voltage is regulated at 16 volts. What should be the primary to secondary turns ratio of the
transformer if the switch duty ratio is limited to 80%. Neglect ON-state voltage drop across switch
and diodes.
a) 20 :1
b) 30 :1
c) 25 :2
d) 50 :1
61. If the turn ratio of primary to tertiary windings of the forward transformer is in the ratio of 1:2, what
is the maximum duty ratio at which the converter can be operated? Corresponding to this duty ratio,
what should be the minimum ratio of secondary to primary turns if the input dc supply is 400 volts
and the required output voltage is 15 volts? Neglect switch and diode conduction voltage drops.
a) 1/3 and 9/80
b) 1/2 and 9/80
c) 1/2 and 9/100
d) 1/3 and 9/100

62. Calculate the filter inductor and capacitor values for the forward converter described below:
Maximum duty ratio = 0.5, Input dc remains constant at 200 volts, output dc (under steady state) = 10
volts ± 0.1 volt, primary to secondary turns = 10:1. The load current is expected to vary between 0.5
and 5 amps. Assume just continuous conduction of inductor current at 0.5 amp load current. Take
switching frequency = 100 kHz.
a) L = 25 µH, C = 12.5 µF
b) L = 50 µH, C = 12.5 µF
c) L = 50 µH, C = 25.5 µF
d) L = 30 µH, C = 25 µF

63. The assembly of fly-back and forward type transformer cores may differ in the following sense:
a) Air-gap is inserted in fly-back type but it is undesirable for forward type.
b) Air-gap in the flux path is undesirable for both types
c) Only forward type must have a suitably length of air-gap
d) Little air-gap is deliberately put for both transformers

64. A large capacitor, put across dc bus of a voltage source inverter, is intended to:
a) Allow a low impedance path to the high frequency component of dc link current.
b) To minimize high frequency current ripple through the ideal dc source.
 c) To maintain a constant dc link current.
d) To protect against switch failure.

65. The inverter switches work in fully-on or fully-off mode to achieve:

a) Easier gate control circuit for the switching devices.
b) Minimum distortion in the output voltage waveform.
c) Reduced losses in the switches.
d) Satisfactory operation for non-resistive load at the output.

66. Using frequency domain analysis estimate the ratio of 5th and 7th harmonic currents in a purely
inductive load that is connected to the output of a single phase half bridge inverter with square wave
pole voltages.
a) 5th harmonic current will be nearly double of the 7th harmonic current
b) 5th harmonic current will be 40% more than the 7th harmonic current
c) 5th harmonic current will be zero while 7th harmonic current will be present
d) Both 5th and 7th harmonic currents will be zero

67. A single-phase full bridge inverter with square wave pole voltages is connected to a dc input voltage
of 600 volts. What maximum rms load voltage can be output by the inverter? How much will be the
corresponding rms magnitude of 3rd harmonic voltage
a) Approximately 270 volts of fundamental and 30 volts of 3rd harmonic voltage
b) Approx. 480 volts fundamental and 160 volts of 3rd harmonic voltage
c) Approx. 540 volts fundamental and 180 volts of 3rd harmonic voltage
d) Approx. 270 volts fundamental and 90 volts of 3rd harmonic voltage

68. How does the output power handling capacity of a single-phase half bridge inverter compare with that
of a single-phase full bridge inverter when they are connected to same dc bus voltage and the peak
current capability of the inverter switches is also same? Also compare their costs.
a) The half bridge inverter can output double power but cost also doubles.
b) The half bridge inverter can output only half the power but cost is less.
c) The half bridge inverter can output only half the power but cost is nearly same
d) The output power capability is same but half bridge inverter costs less

69. A PWM inverter is operated from a dc link voltage of 600 volts. The maximum rms line voltage
(fundamental component) will be less than or equal to:
a) 600 volts
b) 300 volts
 c) 467 volts
d) 582 volts

70. In the harmonic analysis of the pole-voltage waveform (produced by a three-phase PWM inverter
feeding a balanced three-phase load) the 3rd and multiples of 3rd harmonics are ignored because:
a) They will not appear in pole voltage
b) They will not appear in load phase voltage
c) They will not appear in load phase and line voltage
d) They will appear in line voltage but not in phase voltage

71. A three-phase sine-PWM inverter operates from a dc link voltage of 600 volts. For modulation index
= 1.0 the rms magnitude of line voltage of fundamental frequency will be equal to:
a) 600 volts
b) nearly 367 volts
c) nearly 481 volts
d) nearly 581 volts

72. The carrier waveform of a sine-modulated PWM inverter is of 10 kHz frequency. When the
fundamental output frequency of the inverter is 50 Hz, the inverter switches need to be turned-on and
turned-off at a rate of
a) 1000 times per second
b) 10,000 times per second
c) 50,000 times per second
d) 50 times per second

73. With 283 volts dc link voltage connected to a 3-phase inverter what maximum phase voltage (rms
magnitude) of good quality can be output by Sine PWM and Space Vector PWM:
a) 50 and 75 volts
b) 100 and 115 volts
c) 141 and 200 volts
d) 200 and 282 volts
74. The peak value of the line voltage in case of 120° mode of operation of a three-phase bridge inverters
a) Vs/2
b) 3Vs/2
c) Vs/√2
d) Vs

Explanation: The peak value for 120° mode is Vs. The line voltage waveform is a sine wave with a
peak value of Vs (= supply voltage).

75. A single phase full-bridge voltage source inverter (VSI) is fed from a 300V battery. A pulse of 1200
duration is used to trigger the appropriate devices in each half-cycle. The rms value of the
fundamental component of the output voltage in volts is
a) 234
b) 245
c) 300
d) 331

76. A single phase VSI is controlled in a single pulse-width modulated mode with a pulse width of 150
degree in each half cycle. The THD of output AC voltage waveform is
a) 65.65%
b) 48.42%
c) 31.83%
d) 30.49%

77. What would be the harmonic factor of lowest order harmonic in case of a half wave bridge inverter?
a) 1
b) 1/3
 c) 1/2
d) Insufficient data

Explanation: Let Vs be the input voltage.

The 3rd harmonic is the lowest order harmonic.
Vo (rms) = 2Vs/(n x π x √2)
For fundamental component n = 1 and for the lowest order harmonic n = 3
ρ3 = V3/V1 = 1/3 or 33.33 %.

78. A single phase full bridge inverter using transistors and diodes is feeding a R load of 3 Ω with the dc
input voltage of 60 V. Find the rms output voltage and the peak reverse blocking voltage of each
transistor.
a) 30 V, 60 V
b) 30 V, 30 V
c) 60 V, 60 V
d) 60 V, 30 V

Explanation: Rms output voltage = PIV of each transistor = Vs. Vs = 60 V.

79. A single phase full bridge inverter using transistors and diodes is feeding a R load of 3 Ω with the dc
input voltage of 60 V. Find the fundamental frequency output power.
a) 1200W
b) 856W
c) 972W
d) 760W

Explanation: Vo1 (rms fundamental voltage) = 4Vs/π√2 = 207.10 V.

Now, the load impedance at the fundamental frequency i.e. at 50 Hz will be
Z1 = [102 + (2π x 50 x 0.03)2]1/2 = 13.7414 Ω
Hence, I = V1/Z1 = (207.10)/(13.7414) = 15.07 A.
Explanation: For quai-square wave or single-pulse width modulated wave pulse width 2d = 0.5 x 180° =
90° or d = 45°
Hence, Vo1 = (4Vs/π√2) sind = (4 x 230)/( π.√2) sin45° = 146.423 V.

80. Determine the distortion factor (μ) for a full bridge inverter with supply Vs = 60 V.
a) 0.8
b) 0.7
c) 0.9
d) 1

Explanation: μ = V1/Vr
V1 = rms value of fundamental component = 2Vs/π√2
Vr = Total rms output voltage = Vs/2
 μ = (2Vs/π√2) x (2/Vs) = 2√2/π = 0.9.

81. For a Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with selective harmonic elimination PWM, if we use 3
module of symmetrical sources what will be the level of output line voltage ?
a) 7 level
b) 13 level
c) 17 level
d) 11 level

82. A single-phase half bridge inverter is connected to a 230 V dc source which is feeding a R load of 10
Ω. Determine the average current through each SCR inverter switch.
a) 11.5 A
b) 5.75 A
c) 23 A
d) none of the mentioned

83. A single phase AC voltage controller has a resistive load of 10 ohms and RMS input voltage is 120V,
60Hz. The thyristor switch is on for 25 cycles and is off for 75 cycles. Determine the input power
factor.
a) 0.3
b) 0.4
c) 0.5
d) 0.6
84. Main application of a Cycloconverters circuit is found in
a) speed control of synchronous motors
b) speed control of dc motors
c) lift and hoists
d) tractions

85. Which of the following Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) only allows unidirectional power flow
a) Sparse Matrix Converter (SMC)
b) Very Sparse Matrix Converter (VSMC)
c) Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter (USMC)
d) All of the above

81. The transfer function approach is applicable to:

a. Only linear time-invariant systems
b. linear time-invariant as well as time-varying systems
c. Linear as well as non-linear systems
d. All systems