Unit 1  All about you: Lesson B  Names

 
The verb be: I, you, and we
I, you, and we are pronouns:

 Use I for yourself.

 Use you for another person / other people.

 Use we for yourself and another person / other people.

The verb be has contractions and full forms:

Contractions Full forms

I'm I am
you're you are
we're we are
 

Affirmative statements

Use pronoun + contraction of be:

I'm Jenny.

You're in Room G.

We're in different classes.

 

Negative statements

Use pronoun + contraction of be + not:

I'm not Carmen.

You're not in Room B.

We're not in the same class.

Yes-No questions and short answers

Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.

You can use be + pronoun to ask Yes-No questions:

Are you Jenny?

Am I in Room B?
 Are we in the same class?
 

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:

A  Are you Jenny?

B  Yes, I am.
 

Negative short answers

Use No  + pronoun + contraction of be + not:

A  Are we in the same class?

B  No, we're not.

Unit 1  All about you: Lesson C  Personal information

 
What's . . . ?, It's . . .
Use What's (= What is) to ask a question:

What's your name?

Use a form of be to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

A  What's your name?

B  My name's Victor Lopez. (= My name is . . . )

You can use It's  (= It is) to answer a question with What's . . . ?:

A  What's your email address?

B  It's vlopez6@cup.org. (= It is . . . )
Unit 2  In class: Lesson B  What's in your bag?
 
This and these
You can use This + is to make a statement about a singular noun:

This is a cell phone.

You can use These + are to make a statement about a plural noun:

These are headphones.

Yes-No questions with this and these
You can use Is + this to ask a question about a singular noun:

Is this your cell phone?

You can use Are + these to ask a question about a plural noun:

Are these your headphones?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:

A  Is this your cell phone?

B  Yes, it is.

A  Are these your headphon

Unit 2  In class: Lesson B  What's in your bag?

 
Noun plurals
Nouns are things or people. A noun can be singular or plural. A singular noun is one thing
or person: bag(= 1 bag). A plural noun is two or more things or people: bags (= 2+ bags).

Regular plurals

You can add -s to a singular noun to make it plural:

 a bag bags   a key keys

For these singular endings use -es to make plural nouns:

(-ss) a class classes   (-sh) a brush brushes

(-ch) a watch watches   (-x) a box boxes

For singular nouns ending in consonant + -y change -y to -ies to make plural nouns:

a dictionary dictionaries

Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a, e, i, o, or u.

Irregular plurals

Some nouns are irregular and have different plurals:

a man men
a woman women
a child children
 

Nouns that are only plural

Some nouns are only plural and do not change:

glasses

sunglasses

scissors

jeans

Unit 3  Favorite people: Lesson A  Celebrities

 
Be in statements
You can use a pronoun + contraction of be to make statements:

I'm a Johnny Depp fan.

She's a famous singer.

They're tennis players.
Remember, you use the indefinite article a / an with singular nouns but not with plural
nouns:

He's an actor.

We're Giants fans.

Unit 3  Favorite people: Lesson A  Celebrities

 
Possessive adjectives
My, your, his, her, our, and their are possessive adjectives. They show the owner of
something.

Possessive
Pronouns
adjectives

I my
you your
he his
she her
we our
they their

You can use possessive adjectives instead of pronouns with be to make statements:

My favorite actor is Johnny Depp.

I'm a Johnny Depp fan.
She's a famous singer.
They're tennis players.
We're Giants fans.
His new movie is great.
Her voice is amazing.
Their matches are exciting.
Our favorite team is the Giants.

Unit 3  Favorite people: Lesson B  People we know

 
Yes-No questions with be
Yes-No questions are questions that you can answer with Yes or No.

You can use be + pronoun in Yes-No questions:

Am I late?

Are you busy?
 Is he tired?

Affirmative short answers with be

Use Yes + pronoun + full form of be:

A  Am I late?

B  Yes, you are.

Negative short answers with be

Use No  + pronoun + contraction of be + not:

A  Is she strict?

B  No, she's not.

Unit 3  Favorite people: Lesson B  People we know

 
Negatives statements with be
You can use a pronoun + contraction of be + not to make a negative statement:

You're not late.

I'm not busy.

We're not late.

Is has two negative contractions:

She's not strict.

Use isn't when 's not is hard to say.

My boss isn't strict.

Are also has two negative contractions:

They're not nice.

Use aren't when 're not is hard to say.

My co-workers aren't nice.

Unit 3  Favorite people: Lesson C  Family

 
Information questions with be
Use question word + be + subject (you, he, she, this, they, or noun) to ask an information
question. Answers to information questions are not Yes or No.

 Use What . . . ? in questions about things:

What are their names?

Linda and Carlos.

 Use What . . . like? to ask someone to describe a person or thing:

What's she like? (Remember, 's is the contraction of is from the verb be.)

She's very smart.

 Use Who . . . ? in questions about people:

Who's this?
Who's that?
It's my grandmother.
This is . . .
That is . . .

 Use Where . . . ? in questions about places:

Where are they today?

They're at home.

 Use Where . . . from? in questions about hometowns or countries:

Where are your grandparents from (originally)?

They're from Texas.

 Use How . . . ? in questions about people's health and situations:

How are your parents?

They're fine, thanks.

 Use How old . . . ? in questions about ages:

How old are you?

I'm twenty-three (years old).

Unit 4  Everyday life: Lesson A  In the morning

 
Simple present statements
You can use the simple present to talk about routines and things that are always true.

Affirmative statements

Use verb with I, you, we, and they:

I eat breakfast.

They read the paper.

Use regular verb + -s / -es / -ies with he, she, and it:

He listens to the radio.

She watches TV.

He studies English.
 

Negative statements

Use don't (= do not) + verb with I, you, we, and they:

You don't have tea.

We don't get up early.

Use doesn't (= does not) + verb with he, she, and it:

He doesn't listen to CDs.

She doesn't watch videos.

Verb endings: he, she, and it

Verbs with he, she, and it end in -s or -es.

 Add -s to most verbs

He gets up late.

 Add -es to verbs ending in –ch

She watches TV.

 Add -s to verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + -y

He plays video games.

 Add -ies to verbs ending in a consonant + -y

 She studies in the morning.

Remember, a consonant is any letter that is not a vowel.

Irregular verbs
The irregular verbs have, do and go have different endings with he, she, and it:

He has coffee.

She does her homework.

My brother goes on the Internet.

Unit 4  Everyday life: Lesson B  Routines

 
Simple present: Yes-No questions and short answers
Use Do + I / you / we / they / a plural noun + verb to ask a Yes-No question in the simple
present:

Do you go to a class in the evening?

Do your friends call you at night?

Use Does + he / she / a singular noun + verb:

Does she play sports?

Does your mother work on the weekends?

Affirmative short answers

Use Yes + I / you / we / they + do:

A  Do you go to a class in the evening?

B  Yes, I do.

A  Do your friends call you at night?

B  No, they don't.

Use Yes + he / she + does:

A  Does your mother work on the weekends?

B  Yes, she does.

Negative short answers

Use No + I / you / we / they + don't (= do not):

A  Do you and your friends play sports after class?

B  No, we don't.

Use No + he / she + doesn't (= does not):

A  Does your mother work on the weekends?

B  No, she doesn't.

Unit 5  Free time: Lesson A  Going out

 
Simple present information questions
Information questions start with a question word. These are question words:

How often, What, When, Where, and Who

Simple present information questions are: Question word + do  / does + subject +

verb . . . ?

Use do with you, we, and they:

What do you do in your free time?

Where do they go on Saturday nights?

 

Use does with he and she:

How often does he eat out?

When does she go out?

Unit 5  Free time: Lesson B  TV shows

 
Frequency adverbs
Always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever and never are frequency adverbs.

You can use frequency adverbs to talk about how often you do something:

always means all the time

usually means most of the time

often means a lot
 sometimes means not often

hardly ever means almost never

never means not ever

Frequency adverbs usually come between the subject / pronoun and the verb in a
sentence:

I always eat in front of the TV.

You can also use the frequency adverbs sometimes, usually, and often at the start of a
sentence:

Sometimes I eat in front of the TV.

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson A  Nice places

 
There's and There are
You can use There's (= There is) and There are to say what is in a place.

Use There's / There is + a singular noun (= 1 thing):

There's a park in my neighborhood.

Use There are + a plural noun (= 2 or more things):

There are three restaurants.

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson A  Nice places

 
Quantifiers
A / an both mean one. Use a / an with singular nouns:

There's a park. (The first letter of park is not a, e, i, o, or u.)

There's an outdoor café. (The first letter of outdoor café is o.)

There's one park and there's one outdoor café.

Quantifiers give information about numbers:

 a lot of means many

 a couple of means two or three – a small number

  some means more than two

 no means not any

Use a lot of, a couple of and some with plural nouns:

There are a lot of restaurants.

There are some outdoor cafés.

There are a couple of movie theaters.

Use no with singular or plural nouns:

There's no mall.

There are no clubs.

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson A  Nice places

 
Adjectives before nouns
You can use adjectives to describe your neighborhood.

Adjectives usually come before nouns:

There's a small park in my neighborhood.

There are some expensive stores.

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson B  What time is it?

 
Suggestions with Let's
A suggestion is an idea to do something. You can use Let's + verb to make a suggestion:

Let’s go to the concert.

Let's meet at 6:45.

Let's get there early.

You can use That sounds . . . to agree with a Let's . . . suggestion:

That sounds like fun.

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson B  What time is it?
 
Answering questions about time
Use It's to say the time:

A  What time is it?

B  It's 6:30.

Use at to give times:

A  What time does the concert start?

B  It starts at nine o'clock.

Use about or at about to give approximate times ("approximate" means not exact):

A  What time do supermarkets close?

B  They close (at) about 10:00 p.m.

You can also use around to give approximate times:

A  What time do you go out at night?

B  Usually around 8:00 or 8:30.  

Remember, after he, she, it the verb ends in -s:

I / You / We / They start . . .

He / She / It starts . . .

Unit 6  Neighborhoods: Lesson B  What time is it?

 
Asking questions about time
You can ask the time like this:

What time is it?

 

You can use What time do / does . . . ? to ask what time something happens.
Use does with a singular noun:

What time does the concert start?

Use do with a plural noun:

What time do supermarkets close?

Use do with you:

What time do you go out at night?