LESSON 10: SPECIAL– CÁC CẤU TRÚC ĐẶC BIỆT

1, Câu cảm thán

- How + adj : How beautiful! (Đẹp quá )
- How + adj / adv + S + be/ V : How beautifully you sing! (Bạ n há t thậ t hay)
- How + S + V : How you’ve grown! (Con lớ n nhanh quá )
- What + a / an (+ adj) + N : What an intelligent girl (she is)!
: What dreadful weather (it is)!
- What (+ a / an) + adj + N + S + V : What a beautiful dress you are wearing!
2. Từ chỉ số lượng
stt Từ nghĩa +Nun +Ns (+) (-) (?)
1 A lot of/ lots of/ plenty of Nhiều √ √ √ √ √
2 A number of/ a great number of Nhiều √ √ √ √
3 An amount of/ a large amount of Nhiều √ √ √ √
4 A great deal of Nhiều √ √ √ √
5 Many Nhiều √ √ √ √
6 Much Nhiều √ √ √ √
7 Some Mộ t và i, mộ t ít √ √ √ √
8 Any Gì … cả, gì khô ng? √ √ √ √
9 A little = some √ √ √
10 A few = some √ √ √
11 Little = only a little = not much √ √ √
12 Few = only a few = not many √ √ √
3. ALL – MOST – SOME – NO……….
- all , most, some, no + ( adjective ) + plural noun / uncountable noun
- all of, most of, some of, none of + determiners (a, an, the, my, his, this, that… ) + N
+ pronouns ( them , us……. )
4. Lối nói phụ họa: too, so, either, neither
5. Cấu trúc gợi ý
* S + suggest(s) + V-ing + ...
* S + suggest(s) + (that) + S (+ should )+ V(infinitive) +...
EX: He suggests going fishing this weekend
He suggests (that) we (should) go fishing this weekend.
 How about/ what about + V_ing……………?
 Let’s + V (bare inf)…………………….
 Why don’t you/we + V (bare inf)……………..?
6. Quá, đủ để làm gì
S + V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: (quá ....để cho ai là m gì...)
S + V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V: (quá... đến nỗ i mà ...)
It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S + V: (quá ... đến nỗ i mà...)
S + V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : (Đủ ... cho ai đó là m gì...)
7. Đã đến lúc ai làm gì
It + be + time + S + V (-ed, P2) / It’s +time +for someone + to do something : (đã đến lú c ai đó phải là m gì...) 
Ex: -It is time you had a shower. (Bạ n đã đến lú c đi tắ m)
8. Mất bao lâu/ bao tiền để làm gì
It + takes/took+ someone + amount of time + to do something: (là m gì... mấ t bao nhiêu thờ i gian...)
S + spend + time (on) + Ving
9. Cấu trúc với “RATHER” và “PREFER”
- Would rather V (than V) = would prefer to V (rather than V) = prefer Ving to Ving: muốn gì hơn gì
- Prefer to V = would rather V = like Ving: muốn gì hơn
- would rather + S + Ved/ didn’t V (hiện tại): muốn ai làm gì/ muốn ai không làm gì
+ had PP (quá khứ)
+ would V (tương lai)
- rather (conj) = in contrast: trái lại
- rather (Adv) = quite = not very
10. Cấu trúc với “USE”
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- used to V/ didn’t use to V: đã từng/ chưa từng (thói quen trong quá khứ)
- be/ get used to Ving: quen với/ đang quen với
11. S + find sth + Adj + to V: ai thấy gì làm sao
Eg: I find it hard to speak English well.
12. It + be + Adj + for sb + to V = Ving + be + Adj
Eg: It’s not easy for me to work hard.
=> Working hard for me is not easy.
13. Adj-ing: miêu tả tính chất – Adj-ed: miêu tả cảm xúc
Adj-ing: interesting, boring, exciting, disappointing, amazing, amusing, depressing, frightening, threatening,…
Adj-ed: interested, bored, excited, disappointed, amazed, amused, depressed, frightened, threatened…
Eg: The dog is frightened when standing in front of the lion. The lion is too frightening. (Chú chó đang sợ hãi.
Con sư tử quá đáng sợ)
14. Ving/ PP + N: miêu tả mục đích/ bị tác động
Eg: The broken chair is in the living room. (Chiếc ghế bị gãy ở trong phòng khách)
15. Cấu trúc giả định
Những động từ theo sau bằng hình thức giả định cách:
advise/ ask/ command/ demand/ desire/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ request/ suggest/ urge (that)
- Những cấu trúc theo sau bằng hình thức giả định cách:
It be + best / desirable / imperative / recommended / vital/ crucial / essential /necessary / important / urgent
(khẩn cấp) / a good – bad idea
Eg: It’s important that she do the homework carefully.
16. Cấu trúc nhận định
S + modal + have PP: …đã
Must + have PP: chắc hẳn đã
Should/ shouldn’t have PP: nên đã/ không nên đã
Can’t have PP: không thể đã
Needn’t have PP: không cần phải đã
Eg 1: You got mark 10. You must have worked very hard last night. (Bạn chắc hẳn đã học rất chăm chỉ đêm qua
– vì được 10 điểm)
Eg 2: You shouldn’t have gone out last night. You look terrible. (Bạn không nên đã đi chơi hôm qua. Trông bạn
ghê quá)
17. Trật tự tính từ: OpSAShCOMP: quan điểm – kích cỡ – tuổi hình dáng – màu – xuất xứ - vật liệu –
mục đích)
(opinion – size – age – shape – color – origin – material – purpose ) + N
Eg: I have a beautiful small old round blue Japanese wool sleeping bag.
18. Cấu trúc nhờ vả (nhờ/ bị … làm gì)
S + get sb + to V = S + have sb + V = S + have/get + sth + PP
Eg 1: I get my sister to do my homework.
= I have my sister do my homework.
= I have/ get my homework done by my sister.
19, bj động kép
People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report.....+ that + clause.
It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported...+ that + clause
S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed... + to + Vinf
+ to have PP
20, need (v) + to V => to be PP/ V-ing (bị động)
don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t need to V
needn’t V/ Need S + V (modal)
needn’t have PP: không cần phải đã
21. no sth left: không còn gì nữa
There is no + N + left: Không còn lại thứ gì đó = S + have run out of + N (Chúng ta hết…rồi! – dùng hiện tại
hoàn thành với chủ ngữ là “we”)
Eg: There is no sugar left! = We have run out of sugar!
22. No… nor…: There + be + no + N + nor + N: Không có…và cũng không có
Eg: There is no bread nor milk.
Today, there is no team assignment nor homework.
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 GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1
Choose the correct answer
1. She was once bitten by a monkey, .......made her dislike monkeys for the rest of her life.
A. whose B. that C. which D. who
2. It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver......in the crash.
A. injured B. were injured C. had injured D. was injured
3. It before you start applying for any job, you must be absolutely sure you have right.......
A. qualifying B. qualifiers C. qualities D. qualifications
4. I ........you know important this is.
A. need to hardly tell B. need hardly to tell C. need to tell hardly D. need hardly tell
5. .......at Hanoi Sakura Festival 2017, we found it very impressive.
A. As soon as it rained B. If it hadn’t rained C. Much as it rained D. because it was raining
6. .......dead no longer need.... help. We must concern ourselves w ith......living.
A. A - the - a B. The - the - the C. A - a - a D. The - Ø - the
7. The dress is a little big for you.. You’d better go to tailor’s and......at the waist.
A. have it made wider B. have it made less wide C. make it less wide D. make it wider
8. Not only.......among the largest animal that ever lived, but they are also among the more intelligent.
A. they are whales B. are whales C. whales D. some whales
9. The students were not satisfied........
A. as the teacher’s not informing them about the coming test.
B. because of the teacher's not informing them of the coming test.
C. because the teacher not inform them of the coming test.
D. since the teacher's no information about the coming test.
10. It is the imperativeness that anyone of us.......how to behave properly in different cultures. - "When in Rome
do as Romans do", goes an English saying.
A. learns B. learn C. must learn D. will learn
11. We need.......information before we can decide.
A. farther B. further C. far D. furthest
12. Many experts agree that there is a possibility........in this area in the following days.
A. that some more earthquakes may happen B. where may some more earthquakes happen
C. what may some more earthquakes happen D. when some more earthquakes may happen
13. Some researchers are finding that daydreaming may be important to......mental health and it is......good means
of relaxation.
A. Ø - Ø B. Ø - the C. Ø - a D. the - Ø
14. There was a.......look on her face because a.......problem.......the little girl.
A. puzzled; puzzling; puzzled B. puzzled; puzzled; puzzled
C. puzzling; puzzling; puzzled D. puzzling; puzzled; puzzling
15. This is the biggest lab........we have ever built in our university.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
16. Henry has come in his raincoat and boots, .......for rain.
A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepares D. prepared
17. ......for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A. Be it not B. Had it not been C. Were it not D. Should it not
18. The bicycle.....now. You can do it tomorrow or the day after tomorrow on Mars.
A. need to repair B. needn't be repaired C. needn't repairing D. need repairing
19. It's very kind of you to give me something on my birthday, but you.......bought such an expensive present like
this.
A. needn't have B. didn't need C. haven't needed D. needn't
20. Not only......the exam but she also got the scholarship.
A. did she pass B. she passed C. has she passed D. she has passed
21. ......you study,......marks you will get.
A. The harder - the best B. The harder - the better
C. The more - the much D. The hardest - the best
22. By the end of the 21 century, Chinese astronauts.......
st

A. will have landed B. will land C. will be landed D. will be landing

23. He asked me......home the day before.
A. what time I left B. what time I leave
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 C. what time I had left D. what time I will leave
24. Computers are.......used in schools and universities.
A. widely B. width C. widen D. wide
25. ......you study,......marks you will get.
A. The harder - the best B. The harder - the better
C. The more - the much D. The hardest - the best
26. It is time every student......harder for the coming exam.
A. work B. works C. should work D. worked
27. We......for this opportunity for more than three years.
A. have been waiting B. were waiting C. waited D. are waiting
28. ~ Guest: "Your kitchen is fantastic! Did you do it all by yourself?" ~ Host: "No, .....by a professional."
A. had it designed B. have it to be designed C. designed it D. had designed it
29. During the week of the national tourism festival, we had visitors......from all over the country.
A. coming B. came C. to have come D. come
30. It was a service......I will be eternally grateful.
A. for whom B. for which C. to whom D. to which
31. I didn’t get home until after midnight last night. Otherwise, .....your call.
A. returned B. would have returned C. had returned D. would return
32. It turned out that we......rushed to the airport as the plane was delayed by several hours.
A. needn’t have B. mustn’t C. hadn’t D. should have
33. With the help of German experts, the factory produced......cars in 2016 as the year before.
A. as twice as many B. as twice many C. as many as twice D. twice as many
34. Bill took not only a French class......a Japanese class.
A. but too B. and C. but also D. too
35. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now......to put on desktops and into wristwatches.
A. small enough B. as small as C. smaller than D. so small
36. One prefers to shop at Harrod’s, ......?
A. isn’t it B. don’t you C. doesn’t one D. isn’t one
37. How many......the game is still unknown?
A. fans attended B. fans attending C. did fans attend D. has attended
38. ......here for hours and I feel tired.
A. I have stood B. I have been standing C. I’m standing D. I had been standing
39. Andrea has a.......rug on the floor in her bedroom.
A. lovely long sheepskin white B. lovely long white sheepskin
C. long lovely white sheepskin D. sheepskin lovely long white
40. The second bus, ......didn’t stop either.
A. that is full. B. that was full C. which was full. D. what was full
41. ~ "Buy me a newspaper on your way back, .......?"
A. do you B. will you C. don’t you D. can’t you
42. Susan’s doctor insists......for a few days.
A. her resting B. her to rest C. that she rest D. that she is resting
43. The United States consists of fifty states, .......has its own government.
A. hence each B. each of which C. they each D. each of that
44. "What was the groom wearing?" ~ "He was dressed in a........"
A. light suit summer B. light summer suit C. summer suit light D. suit summer light
45. The balloon festival is.......event that we all desire to attend it.
A. such wonderful an B. so wonderful an C. a very wonderful D. a too wonderful
46. It’s a pity we didn’t visit Tom when we had the chance. We’d like.......him before he left the country.
A. to have seen B. to see C. to be seen D. to have being seen
47. David.......for 5 hours before he arrives.
A. will have been driving B. will have been driven C. will have to drive D. will be driving
48. .......he sat down when he was sent for again.
A. Scarcely had B. No sooner had C. Not until D. Hardly did
49. I’ll send this project to.......is responsible for designing and building
A. anyone B. whatever C. whoever D. whom
50. The number of working women.......from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% in China today.
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 A. has increased B. is increasing C. have increased D. has been increased
51. Water volume in rivers in central Vietnam will decline by 30 to 50 percent, potentially leading to
a.......between April and June.
A. scarcely B. scarce C. scarify D. scarcity
52. Books and magazines.......around made his room very untidy.
A. which lied B. lying C. laying D. that lie
53. Jane really loves the.......jewelry box that her parents gave her as a birthday present.
A. brown wooden nice B. nice wooden brown C. wooden brown nice D. nice brown wooden
54. "You.......have cooked so many dishes. There are only three of us for lunch."
A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. needn’t D. oughtn’t
55. Everyone here has been to London,.......?
A. hasn’t they B. haven’t they C. has he D. hasn’t he
56. ".......you treat him, he’ll help you. He’s so tolerant."
A. No matter how B. Even though C. As if D. In addition to
57. She gave me a......box.
A. small square metal jewelry B. jewelry small metal square
C. small square jewelry metal D. jewelry metal small square
58. Stress, .......is a psychological problem, may lead to physical illness.
A. that B. which C. what D. whose
59. Nobody says a word about the accident, .......?
A. don't they B. does he C. doesn't he D. do they
60. You.......your room carelessly because it is still very untidy.
A. can't have cleaned B. must have cleaned C. could clean D. shouldn't clean
61. Don't try to phone me! By the time you read this letter, .......
A. have left B. I’m leaving C. will have left D. will leave
62. Mary, ......mother is a doctor, intends to choose medicalcareer.
A. that B. whom C. whose D. who
63. Internet.......has helped bloggers share their experiences and opinions easily and quickly.
A. connector B. connectivity C. connection D. connecting
64. My mother advised me.......an apple every day to stay healthy.
A. eat B. eating C. ate D. to eat
65. It is raining hard. We had better......at hometonight.
A. to stay B. staying C. stay D. to be staying
66. .......classical dance for five years, Akiko finally felt ready.......in public.
A. Studying / to be performed B. Having studied / to perform
C. To study / performedD. Being studied / having performed
67. The computer's memory is the place where information.......and calculations are done.
A. kept B. keep C. are kept D. is kept
68. Last year Matt earned.......his brother, who had a better position.
A. twice as more as B. twice more than C. twice as many as D. twice as much as
69. Emails are…...among young people than the elders.
A. more used widely B. more widely C. widely more used D. more widely used
70. Only when you become a parent.......what true responsibility is.
A. you will understand B. don't you understand C. you understand D. will you understand
71. The preparations......by the time the guests......
A. have been finished - arrived B. had been finished - arrived
C. have finished - arrived D. had finished - arrived
72. He was offered the job thanks to his......performance during his job interview.
A. impress B. impression C. impressively D. impressive
73. As an......, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of teenager crimes.
A. educate B. educational C. education D. educator
74. .......turned out to be true.
A. Everything she had told us B. Everything where she had told us
C. Everything she had told us which D. That everything she told us
75. Not only......to determine the depth of the ocean floor, but it is also used to locate oil.
A. seismology is used B. to use seismology C. using seismology
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 D. Is seismology used
76. You'd better get someone......your living room.
A. redecorating. B. redecorate C. to redecorate D. redecorated
77. They had invited over one hundred guests, .......
A. none of whom I knew B. I knew none of who
C. not any of whom I knew D. I did not know any of whom
78. The dictionary......is not available at the moment.
A. for that you asked B. for you asked C. you asked D. you asked for
79. .......with the size of the whole Earth, the highest mountains do not seem high at all.
A. When compared B. Compare them C. A comparison D. If you compare
80. I’m sure that you can recognize her at the station; she.......a red raincoat.
A. will be wearing B. will have worn C. is going to wear D. will have been
wearing
81. The workers raised the temperature.......the metal to melt.
A. highly enough for B. high enough for C. enough high for D. high enough at
82. This.......dictionary includes a few animations.
A. electric B. electrical C. electricity D. electronic
83. By the time you read this letter, I.......home for Paris.
A. am leaving B. have left C. will have left D. will leave
84. The bigger the supermarket is, ........
A. the choice is wide B. the wider the choice it is
C. the more the choice is D. the wider the choice will be
85. The cake is gone and Peter was out during this morning. He.......it.
A. mustn't eat B. mightn't eat C. can't have eaten D. shouldn't have eaten
86. It was at this shop.......I bought those books.
A. which B. that C. where D. who
87. ........appear, they are really much larger than the Earth.
A. Small as the stars B. Despite of the small stars C. As the small stars D. The stars as small
88. He has just bought a..........
A. blue sleeping polyester bag B. sleeping blue polyester bag
C. polyester sleeping blue bag D. blue polyester sleeping bag
89. Because of.......weather conditions, California has an advantage in the production of fruits and
vegetables.
A. favour B. favourite C. favourably D. favourable
90. With greatly increased workloads, everyone is.......pressure now.
A. Under B. above C. upon D. out of
91. August 3rd, 1998, the day on........my sister was bom, is the first day I remember.
A. that B. it C. which D. when
92. Sometimes, I do not feel like.......to my sibling about my troubles.
A. to talk B. talking C. talk D. talked
93. You should have.......your composition carefully before you hand it in.
A. looked in B. gone over C. seen through D. thought of
94. After seeing the movie 'Centennial', ......
A. the book was read by many people B. the reading of the book interested many people
C. many people wanted to read the book D. the book made many people want to read it
95. When you......here at this time tomorrow, I......the room up.
A. comes - will tidy B. come - will have tidied
C. will come - will be tidying D. come - will be tidying
96. When I got up this morning, the kitchem was spotless. Alex......it before she went to bed last night.
A. needn't have tidied B. must have tidied C. should have tidied D. mustn't have tidied
97. By next June, Kevin......for this company for seven years.
A. will have been working B. is working C. has worked D. will work
98. I was made.....when I was at school.
A. study hard B. to study hard C. to studying hard D. studying hard
99. This shirt is......that one.
A. a bit less expensive B. as much expensive as C. not nearly as expensive as D. much far expensive than
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100. My friend bought......from a shop on Tran Phu Street.
A. a brown nice leather belt B. a nice brown leather belt
C. a nice leather brown belt D. a leather brown nice belt.
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