3 GRAMAR: Multi-word verbs

A phrasal verb or multi-wore is a verb with one or two

particles. Particles are prepositions or adverbs such as: for,
in, out, up, down, on, off, etc.

Phrasal verbs are common is spoken and informal English.

Example: stay up, try out and come up with.

Sometimes the meaning of a phrasal verb is clear, for

example sit down or pick up. When the meaning is not
obvious, you need to learn phrasal verbs as new items of
vocabulary. For example, come up with means think of.

Some phrasal verbs need an object, like live for something.

These are known as transitive verbs. Some verbs don’t
have an object, like stay up. These are intransitive.

Transitive phrasal verbs need an object. Sometime the object come before the particle: make something up
and sometimes it comes after the particle: look after somebody.

Type 2 phrasal verbs have some rules. When the object is a long noun phrase, it usually comes after the
particle. For example: I picked up the book that she’d dropped.

However, when the object is a pronoun, like it, me, or somebody, it almost always comes before the particle.
For example: She dropped her book. I picked it up.

When the object is a short noun phrase of up to three words, it can come before or after particle. For
example: I picked her book up. Or I picked up her book.

Some phrasal verbs can be both transitive and intransitive. For example: “I wake up very early.” (intransitive)
or “I need an alarm clock to wake me up.” (transitive).

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3B GRAMAR: present perfect simple and continuous

“How long have you been skiing?” she wants to know

how long a situation has continued until now. Because
ski is an action verb, not a state verb, she uses the
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS.

Greg tried skiing when he was young, but he says “I

haven’t worn a pair of skis since I left school.” He uses
the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE with since to say how
long it has been since something last happened. The last
time he skied before now was in school.

Bella says she has tried snowboarding before. We use the PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE to talk about experiences
in our lives before now.

Greg tells Bella that their instructor has just been selected for the British ski team. This is the present result of
a recent situation – the selection of the ski team.

We can use the present perfect simple to talk about experiences during a present period of time, not just
those in our lives until now.

We often use the present perfect simple with already, just and yet, when we have done something recently
(just) or when we have not done something by the present time (yet).

When we talk about how long using a state verb, we the present perfect simple. We can also use the present
perfect simple to talk about how many, how much or how often and after a superlative adjective.

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When a past activity has a result in the present, we use the present perfect continuous.

We also use the present perfect continuous when we want to describe recent trends.

moda, demasiado grande

verbo expulsar

for
ESPAÑOL
up
ESPAÑOL
para
arriba
preposición para, por, en, debido a, a favor de, con
motivo de, a causa de adverbio hasta, arriba, para arriba, hacia arriba,
en lo alto, en el aire
conjunción para que, porque, pues, ya que, con
objetivo de preposición encima de, en lo alto de, subido a
adjetivo ascendente, levantado, terminado,
acabado, en plena forma, cesado
in
ESPAÑOL verbo levantar, aumentar, ponerse, subir de,
ofrecer
en
sustantivo cima, altibajos, vicisitudes, peripecias,
preposición en, dentro de, adentro, sobre, bajo, de alternativas
cada down
adverbio dentro, adentro ESPAÑOL
sustantivo detalle abajo
adverbio abajo, hacia abajo, bajo, para abajo,
out por tierra, en tierra
ESPAÑOL preposición por, abajo de
afuera adjetivo de abajo
sustantivo plumón, pelusa, vello, bozo, vilano,
adverbio fuera, hacia fuera, afuera,
flojel
incorrectamente
verbo devorar a
sustantivo out, pretexto, resolución de un
problema, oposición
preposición de, por, fuera de, incompatible con on
adjetivo exterior, apagado, ausente, pasado de

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ESPAÑOL
mejorar, ligar con, recobrar, cargar con,
en detener, enterarse, ganarse, tomarse, reunir
preposición en, sobre, acerca de, encima de, según a, recoger a alguien, lograr, buscar a alguien,
entonar
adjetivo encendido, prendido, puesto, abierto,
enchufado
stay up
ESPAÑOL
off Permanecer de pié
ESPAÑOL
apagado verbo mantenerse de pie

preposición de
adjetivo apagado, cancelado, cortado, sit down
acomodado, acabado, pasado ESPAÑOL
sustantivo salida siéntate
verbo sentarse
break up
ESPAÑOL
fall over
dividir ESPAÑOL
verbo dividir, disolver, romperse, desarticular, caerse
acabar con, deshacer, separar, separarse,
dividirse, disolverse, dispersarse, verbo caerse, caer, tropezar con
disgregarse, levantar, deshacerse,
desmembrarse, desmenuzarse, hacerse
pedazos, desguazar, cambiar, levantarse, go away
desglosarse, mudar, hacer reír a carcajadas, ESPAÑOL
terminar el curso, cerrarse, desconcertar, vete
parcelar
verbo desaparecer, marcharse, marchar, partir, irse
a, irse a otro lugar, andarse
figure out
take off ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL descifrar
quitarse
verbo descifrar, resolver para
verbo despegar, quitarse, quitar, salir, largarse,
llevarse, abandonar, restar, rebajar,
descontar, empezar a tener éxito, quedar, try out
amputar, contrahacer, comenzar a tener
ESPAÑOL
éxito, empezar a cuajar, comenzar a cuajar,
parodiar, parecer, imitar probar
verbo probar, ensayar, experimentar, poner a
prueba, someter a prueba
pick up
ESPAÑOL
recoger
verbo recoger, coger, levantar, captar, comprar, make something up
aprender, adquirir, descolgar, recuperarse,
ESPAÑOL

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inventar algo mirar en algo

try something out believe in something

ESPAÑOL ESPAÑOL
probar algo cree en algo

figure something up come up with something

ESPAÑOL ESPAÑOL
averiguar algo ven con algo

pick something up focus on something

ESPAÑOL ESPAÑOL
recoger algo centrarse en algo

look after somebody

look up to somebody
ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL
cuidar a alguien
admirar a alguien

throw something away

look down on somebody
ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL
tirar algo
despreciar a alguien

run out of something

let somebody down ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL quedarse sin algo
decepcionar a alguien

fall out with somebody

live for something ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL salir con alguien
vive para algo

be into something get away with something

ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL
Estar en algo salirse con la suya

look into something put on

ESPAÑOL
ESPAÑOL

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ponerse añadir, representar
verbo poner, ponerse, montar, dar, vestirse,
calzarse, aplicar, encender, calzar, poner en
escena, engordar, echar, asumir, servir,
put something on
hacer funcionar, simular, adelantar, tomar el ESPAÑOL
pelo, cobrar, poner a calentar, afectar, poner algo en

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