4A Grammar: used to and would

We can use used to and would to talk about something which was true in the past but which is not
usually true anymore.
With used to we can talk about past actions. “I used to sit around” and past states “I used to be the
same”. However, we only use would for past actions, not states. Use used to instead.
We use not .. any more to say that a past situation isn’t true now.

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 4B Grammar: Obligation and permission
Have to means something is necessary. “you have to keep getting high grades”
Need to is also used to express a strong obligation. “you need to be fluent in two languages”
“everyone should learn at least two languages”. This is an opinion of what’s right, rather than
something which is necessary

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“you can’t just sit in your room and relax”. In this sentence, can´t means that something is not
permitted.
“you’re supposed to take part in activities”. If you are supposed to do something, it means youre
expected to do it.

For rules, where there is a strong obligation, we often use must and mustn’t. However, its more
natural to use have to, need to, can’t, or not allowed to. Questions with must are not very common.
Should is much more common than ought to. Questions and negatives with ought to are rare.

“They make us do lots of jobs”. When somebody makes you do something, you are obliged to do it.
There is no choice. Similar expression to be forced to. “I’m forced to get up at 6.30”.
“we are allowed to do what on Sundays”. If you are allowed to do something, it means you have
permission to do it. If somebody gives you permission to do something, you can say they let you do it.

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We often use the verbs allow and force in the passive. They are followed be a “to” infinitive.
Let and make are followed by an object, then an infinitive without to.
When we don’t have permission to do something, we use a negative form of allowed to or let.