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‫ڡ�ﺮع اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫‪Permutation and Combination‬‬

‫اﻟطﺎﻟب ‪ :‬وﺳﺎم ﻟؤي طﻲ‬

‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﺛﺎﻟﺛﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔرع ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻠوﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻣﺳﺎﺋﻲ‬
 Permutation and Combination

Permutation : It is the different arrangements of

a given number of elements taken one by one, or
some, or all at a time. For example, if we have two
elements A and B, then there are two possible
arrangements, AB and BA .

Combination : It is the different selections of a

given number of elements taken one by one, or
some, or all at a time. For example, if we have two
elements A and B, then there is only one way
select two items, we select both of them .
 Permutation
Permutations are used in almost every branch
of mathematics, and in many other fields of
science. In computer science, they are used for
analyzing sorting algorithms ,the number of
permutations of n distinct objects is n factorial,
usually written as n!, which means the product
of all positive integers less than or equal to n
The collection of all permutations of a set form
a group called the symmetric group of the set.
The group operation is the composition
(performing two given rearrangements in succession)
, which results in another rearrangement. As
properties of permutations do not depend on
the nature of the set elements .

In the popular puzzle Rubik's cube invented

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 Combination

combination is an arrangement of objects where

order does not matter. The coach knows that there
are eight teams, but the order the teams play each
other does not matter. One way the coach could
calculate the number of games is to list out each
team and the teams they would play. The coach
realized, though, that there were some games that
would be repeated when writing them out. So, he
researched and found a formula to calculate the number
of combinations. The formula for a combination
is nCr = n!/(r!(n-r)!), where n represents the number
of items and r represents the number of items
being chosen at a time .

3-element subsets of a 5-element set

To calculate a combination, you must know how
to calculate a factorial. A factorial is the product
of all the positive integers equal to and less than
your number. A factorial is written as the number
followed by an exclamation point. For example,
to write the factorial of 6, you would write 6!. To
calculate the factorial of 6, you would multiply all
of the positive integers equal to and less than 6.
6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1

Example of counting combinations

 References

Biggs, Norman L.; White, A. T. (1979). Permutation groups and

combinatorial structures. Cambridge University

Brualdi, Richard A. (2010), Introductory Combinatorics (5th ed.)