CHAPTER – 3

FLOTATION

Chapter – 3

Flotation

Exercise -3

Answer 1

Given:-

1. Dimensions of wooden log = 8m * 2m * 2m

2. Draft at FW = 1.6m

RD of FW = 1.000

2m

1.6m
2m
8m

Volume displaced by log = L * B *draft

Volume displaced by log = 8 * 2 * 1.6

Volume displaced by log = 25.6m3

RD of FW = Mass of log
Volume of water displaced

1.000 = Mass of log

25.6

25.6 t = mass of log

Volume of log = L * B H

Volume of log = 8 * 2 * 2

Volume of log = 32m3

Density of log = Mass of log

Volume of log

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

Density of log = 25.6t

32.0m3

Density of log = 0.8t/m3

1. Mass of log is 25.6t

2. Density of log is 0.8t/m3

Answer 2

Given:-

1. Dimensions of log = 5m * 1.6m * 1m

2. Mass of log = 6t

1m

1.6m
5m

Volume of log = L * B * H

Volume of log = 5 * 1.6 * 1

Volume of log = 8m3

Density of log = Mass of log

Volume of log

Density of log = 6
8

Density of log = 0.75 t/m3

RD = Density of log
Density of FW

RD = 0.75
1.0

RD = 0.75

Mass of SW displaced = 6t

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

Density of SW = Mass of log

Volume displaced

1.025t/m3 = 6t .
L * B * draft

1.025t/m3 = 6t .
5 * 1.6 * draft

Draft = 6 .
5 * 1.6 * 1.025

Draft = 0.732m

1. Draft in SW is 0.732m
2. RD of log is 0.75

Answer 3

Given:-

1. Breath of log = 3m
2. Height of log = 2m
3. RD of water = 1.01
4. Density of log = 0.7t/m3

2m
3m

Let length of log = l

Let draft of log = d

Density of log = Mass of log

Volume of log

0.7 = Mass of log

3*2*l

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

0.7 * 3 * 2 * l = mass of log

Density of water= Mass of log

Under water Volume

1.01 = 0.7 * 3 * 2 * l
l*3*d

1.01 * 3 * l *d = 0.7 * 3 * 2 * l

d = 1.386m

1. Draft of log is 1.386m

Answer 4

Given:-

1. Diameter of cylinder = 2m
2. Length of cylinder = 10m
3. Draft = 0.6 m

RD of FW = 1.000

NOTE : VOLUME OF ANY 3 DIMENSIONAL UNIFORM OBJECT IS GIVEN BY THE FORMULA

BASE AREA * HEIGHT

2m
A
B
E C
0.6m

Area of segment BDC = Area of sector ABDC – Area of triangle ABC

AB = AD = AC = 1m (Radius of the circle)

AE + ED = AD

AE = AD – ED

AE = 1m – 0.6m

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

AE = 0.4m

In right angle triangle AEC

(AE)2 + (EC)2 = (AC)2 (Pythagoras Theorem)

(0.4)2 + (EC)2 = (1)2

(EC)2 = (1)2 – (0.4)2

(EC)2 = 1 – 0.16

(EC)2 = 0.84

EC = √0.84

EC = 0.917m

BE = EC (AE is perpendicular bisector on BC)

BC = BE + EC

BC = 0.917m + 0.917m

BC = 1.834m

Area of triangle ABC = 1 * Base * Height

2

Area of triangle ABC = 1 * BC * AE

2

Area of triangle ABC = 1 * 1.834 * 0.4

2

Area of triangle ABC = 0.3668m2

In triangle AEC

Cos Ѳ = AE (CosѲ = B)
AC H

CosѲ = 0.4
1.0

Ѳ = Cos-1(0.4)

Ѳ = 66.42°

Similarly in triangle ABE, BAE = 66.42°

BAC = BAE + EAC

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

BAC = 66.42° + 66.42°

BAC = 132.84°

Area of sector ABDC = Ѳ * ∏ * r2

360°

Area of sector ABDC = 132.84° * 22 * (1)2

360° * 7

Area of sector ABDC = 1.1597m2

Area of segment BDC = Area of sector ABDC – Area of triangle ABC

Area of segment BDC = 1.1597m2 – 0.3668m2

Area of segment BDC = 0.7929m2

Under water volume = Area of segment BDC * Height

Under water volume = 0.7929 * 10

Under water volume = 7.929 m3

Density of FW = Mass of log

Under water volume of log

1 = Mass of log
7.929

1 * 7.929 = Mass of log

7.929 t = Mass of log

Mass of log is 7.929 t

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

Answer 5

Given:-

1. Length of triangular barge = 20m

2. Breath of triangular barge = 12 m
3. Depth of triangular barge = 06m
4. Draft of triangular barge = 04m

12 m G
B C
6m
D F E

4m

BG = GC (AG is perpendicular bisector on BC)

BG = GC = 6m

In triangle AGC and triangle AFE

1. EAF = EAF (Common angle)

2. AFE = AGC (Corresponding angles)
3. AEF = ACG (Corresponding angles)

Triangle AGC is similar to triangle AFE by AAA similarity.

We know that sides of similar triangle are in equal ration,

So

AF = EF
AG GC

4 = EF
6 6

4 * 6 = EF
6

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

4m = EF

EF = FD (AF is perpendicular bisector on DE)

4m = FD

ED = EF + FD

ED = 4m + 4m

ED = 8m

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * Base * Height

2

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * DE * FA

2

Area of triangle ADE = 1 * 8 * 4

2

Area of triangle ADE = 16m2

Density of SW = Mass of barge

Underwater Volume of barge

Density of SW = Mass of barge

Underwater surface area of barge * length

1.025 = Mass of barge

16 *20

1.025 * 16 * 20 = Mass of barge

328 t = Mass of barge

Answer 6

Given:-
1. Diameter of drum = 1.2m
2. Height of drum = 2m
3. RD of water = 1.016
4. Draft = 1.4m

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

1.2m

1.4m 2m

Radius = Diameter
2

Radius = 1.2
2

Radius = 0.6m

Height = Freeboard + Draft

2m = Freeboard + 1.4m

2m – 1.4m = Freeboard

0.6m = Freeboard

Density of water = Mass of lead

Volume above water

Density of water = Mass of lead

∏ * r2 * freeboard

1.016 = Mass of lead

∏ * r2 * 0.6

1.016 * 0.6 * ∏ * r2 = Mass of lead

1.016 * 0.6 * 22 * (0.6)2 = Mass of lead

7

1.016 * 0.6 * 22 * 0.6 * 0.6= Mass of lead

7

0.69 t = Mass of lead

Maximum amount of lead mass that can be put in without sinking is 0.69 t

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

Answer 7

Given:-

1. Length of barge = 10m

2. Breath of barge = 5m
3. Initial draft = 3m
4. Final draft = 1m

RD of SW = 1.025

3m 1m 5m
10 m

Density of SW = Initial mass of barge

Underwater Volume of barge

1.025 = Initial mass of barge

L * B * draft

1.025 = Initial mass of barge

10 * 5 * 3

153.75t = Initial mass of barge

Density of SW = Final mass of barge

Underwater volume of barge

Density of SW = Final mass of barge

L * B * draft

1.025 = Final mass of barge

10 * 5 * 1

1.025 * 10 * 5 * 1= Final mass of barge

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

51.25 t = Final mass of barge

Load on crane = change in displacement

Load on crane = Initial displacement – Final displacement

Load on crane = 153.75t – 51.25t

Load on crane = 102.5t

Load on crane is 102.5 t

Answer 8

Given:-

1. Length of box = 2.4m

2. Width of box = 1.2m
3. Height of box = 0.8m
4. RD of water = 1.012
5. Draft of box = 0.2m

1.2 m

2.4 m
0.8 m

0.2 m

Freeboard of box = Total height – Draft of box

Freeboard of box = 0.8m – 0.2m

Freeboard of box = 0.6m

RD of water = Mass of SW to pour

Volume above water

RD of water = Mass of SW to pour

L * B * Freeboard

1.012 = Mass of SW to pour

2.4m * 1.2m * 0.6m

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

1.012 * 2.4 * 1.2 * 0.6 = Mass of SW to pour

1.749 t = Mass of SW to pour

Maximum amount of SW that can be poured into without sinking is 1.749t

Answer 9

Given:-

1. Displacement of SW = 18450t
2. Length of vessel = 150m
3. Breath of vessel = 20 m

18450 t

20 m
150 m

RD of SW = 1.025

RD of SW = Displacement
Underwater Volume

RD of SW = Displacement
L * B * draft

1.025 = 18450
150 * 20 * draft

1.025 * 150 * 20 * draft = 18450

Draft = 18450
1.025 * 150 * 20

Draft = 6m

Draft of the vessel is 6m

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 CHAPTER – 3
FLOTATION

Answer 10

Given:-

1. Length of vessel = 120m

2. Breath of vessel = 15m
3. RD of DW = 1.005
4. Draft = 5m
5. Maximum permissible draft = 6m (in SW)

NOTE : FOR A BOX SHAPED VESSEL DENSITY IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO DRAFT

Let initial draft in SW = x

5 = 1.025
X 1.005

5 * 1.005 = x
1.025

4.902m = x

Maximum permissible draft (SW) = Initial draft in SW + Permissible sinkage

6m = 4.902m + Permissible sinkage

RD of SW = Cargo to load
Permissible sinkage of volume

RD of SW = Cargo to load
L * B * Permissible sinkage

1.025 = Cargo to load

120 * 15 * 1.098

1.025 * 120 * 15 * 1.098 = Cargo to load

2025.8 t = Cargo to load

Cargo to load is 2025.8t

-o0o-

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