Plumbing Systems

Technical Document
Version 0 – June 2019

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1. Plumbing Systems | 2. Plumbing Fixture Minimum Requirements

General Requirements
The entire plumbing system and its associated equipment shall conform to the
latest edition of the International Plumbing Code (IPC), Uniform Plumbing Code
(UPC), or international / local equivalent. Where more than one code applies, the
most stringent shall govern.

The plumbing design shall focus on efficiency, quality and reliability.

Refer to MEP Checklist in the D&TS Library.

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1. Plumbing Systems

1.1 Hot Water Supply and Treatment
The water supply, including storage tanks where necessary, must be adequate for
both the daily total water requirements and the instantaneous peaks. Minimum
water storage shall be two days (48 hours) where required. Fire water supply
requirements are to be included when sizing the water storage tanks.
The consultant shall confirm final treatment system process and equipment
requirements after review of water analysis from a recognised, specialist laboratory.
If water treatment is required, the design of the system will be based on reliability,
service and quality. Current technology may include one or more of the following
systems; chlorination, high efficiency sand and/or carbon filtration, ozone, reverse
osmosis, demineralisation and softening.
The quality of the water shall be tested on site and meet EPA, WHO and/or EU
Water Quality standards as applicable.
Depending on the local conditions and the water analysis results, water softening
may be required for the laundry steam boiler make up system, and the laundry and
kitchen domestic hot water system.
1.2 Domestic Cold Water Distribution
Water pressure supply to all fixtures shall be between 207 kPaG (30psig) and 550
kPaG (80psig). Pressure reducing stations shall be provided to maintain a maximum
of 550 kPaG (80psig). Where special fixtures and or equipment require higher or
lower pressure, the system is to be modified to accommodate those pressures.
Maximum cold water temperatures must be no higher than 23°C (73.4°F).
Automatic pressure booster pump sets shall be provided for the building domestic
water supply (this includes the potable), for the softened domestic water supply,
and for the residential units, as required.
Dedicated isolation valves shall be provided within each hotel and residential unit.
The location of access doors shall be coordinated with the Interior Design drawings.
1.3 Domestic Hot Water Distribution
Hot Water supply shall circulated throughout the property at 60°C (140°F) and be
delivered to guest room showers at 52°C (1240°F) via thermostatic mixing valves,
with provision for 72°C (160°F) at the laundry and 60°C (140°F) at the kitchens. The
kitchen domestic hot water to dishwashers shall be boosted to 82°C (180°F) at the
dishwasher with a booster heater.
With the re-circulating hot water system, provide Digital Mixing Valves that are
programmable to adjust the entire system as required to meet high demand periods.
Separate storage tanks shall be provided for domestic hot water for the Main
Building, Kitchen and Laundry. Tank storage will include a redundancy to ensure no
downtime in the event of tank failure.
The laundry consultant will evaluate if a separate hot water booster is preferred over
a separate storage tank for laundry equipment.
Dedicated isolation valves for domestic hot water and domestic hot water re-
circulation shall be provided on the risers and at each guest room unit.

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1.4 Storm Water Disposal
Storm water disposal involves collecting the water from all roofs and foundation
drains to avoid accumulation of water above and below grade.
Any storm water drainage that is collected from the building that cannot flow by
gravity will flow into a sump and be pumped into the drain leaving the building.
If allowed per code, the collected rain water, grey water and storm water for reuse in
the irrigation system is required.
Reasonable water conservation measures that may be incorporated into the
design of the project, i.e. storm water catchments and retention for irrigation is
to be considered.
The use of pumps for disposal of storm water collected on the site is undesirable.
The site shall be designed to drain into catch basins and though storm pipes into
the storm or sanitary system as designed by the consultant and approved by the
local authority having jurisdiction.
1.5 Sanitary Waste Disposal
Typically, all sanitary drainage will be discharged to municipal services for treatment
off site. If sewage treatment is required, the civil engineer and professional
consultants specialising in waste treatment shall design a system of secondary or
tertiary treatment, i.e. a bio disk or an extended aeration/activated sludge plant.
The sanitary system for the buildings within the project shall be provided with a
complete vent system so that each plumbing fixture and group of floor drains are
vented separately from the soil pipe.
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1.6 Swimming Pool Circulation and Filtration
Consultants specialising in pool, water features and spa water systems will
design the specific filtration system, pumps and water treatment applicable to
each system. To ensure the highest level of health and safety, the most stringent
standards from the local health officials, building department and international
codes shall apply.
The mechanical contractor will provide the heat exchangers, connected to the boiler
plant, for heating the swimming pools and whirlpools. Consider a heat exchange
from plant, heat pump, or a local boiler. In hot climates, the heat pump / heat
exchange shall be connected to the chilled water to cool the pool.
Whirlpools will have their separate filtration and circulating pump systems.
The use of salt-water, bromine, or ozone pool treatment systems is recommended.
The consultant shall insure that all piping and wiring is acceptable based on the
water and treatment method such that there is no corrosion or off gassing.
1.7 Gas Distribution
Gas shall be provided to provide to the kitchen and pantries as required by design.
Where economically feasible, gas may be used for space heating, refrigeration,
hot water heating, and laundry equipment. The gas supply is either from public
distribution mains or from bulk storage facilities. Bulk storage facilities must be
sized to ensure a reliable and constant source.
The bulk storage facilities shall be located away from the building on grade or
buried and in their own safe enclosure with adequate access for service.
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1.8 Diesel Fuel Storage 1.11 Water Meters

Diesel fuel shall be provided to the boilers only when gas cannot be provided. Flow meters and check valves are to be installed on the following services:
The emergency generator shall be provided with diesel fuel.
— Main incoming water supply

The fuel supply is from bulk storage facilities. Bulk storage facilities must be — Kitchen hot and cold water supply
sized to ensure a reliable and constant source and facilities shall be located away — Laundry hot and cold water supply
from the main buildings and be designed to meet the current version of the NFPA
or equivalent. — Domestic hot water supply

— Cooling towers
1.9 Special Systems — Irrigation

For the kitchen areas, each commercial kitchen shall be provided with grease
interceptors to prevent grease from entering the building sanitary system. Connect
dishwasher, designated floor sinks and any other fixture or drain that conveys
grease-laden effluent to localised grease traps or a central grease interceptor as
required by code. The economics of traps versus interceptors will be evaluated and
presented to the owner/stakeholders for their consideration.
For the laundry areas, the equipment shall be provided with mechanical services
such as vacuum, compressed air, domestic hot and cold water, chilled water, etc.
at the capacity required by the equipment manufacturer and laundry consultant.
Compressed air shall be provided for the Valet area equipment. Laundry drainage
must be provided with lint traps.
Fuel interceptors are required to be installed on Car Park drainage systems.
1.10 Fire Protection, Sprinklers and Standpipes
Refer to Fire & Life Safety Systems and Technology Systems for
additional information.
— Pool water make-up
— Boiler water make-up (steam and hot water)
— Retail spaces
— Residential component where applicable
1.12 Insulation
All piping subject to freezing is to be insulated and if necessary, provided with
heating provision to prevent freezing (i.e. electric heat trace).
All water piping, fittings, valves and metal tanks shall be insulated with a minimum
of 25mm (1” ) of fibreglass insulation.
1.13 Noise Control Guidelines
The guest experience is to be free of noises from the plumbing system. Thus, noise
control measures must be implemented during design phase.
The acoustics section provides guidelines addressing design parameters such as
flow velocities, pipe work layout, plumbing fixtures, pipe wall penetrations, airborne
and structure-borne isolation, pipe support and lagging.

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1.14 Material Guidelines

— Copper piping is required due the longevity and durability of the material.

— Hot and cold water piping shall be copper. If others are used, the riser shall
always be copper.

— Each suite shall have an isolation valve; coordinated with the interior design.

— In locations where reverse osmosis water is the source of drinkable/potable

water, mineral balancing is included to offset aggressive water properties.

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2. Plumbing Fixture Minimum Requirements
For public areas and guest rooms, the preferred manufacturers include, but are
not limited to Kohler, Grohe, Toto, or equivalent; these specific manufacturers are
identified to establish a standard for quality and pricing. Other manufacturers or
models may be used provided they are equal in quality as those listed above.
Refer to the other related sections for area specific requirements.
2.1 Public Areas
Under counter lavatories for public restrooms shall be a minimum of 10cm (4”) deep
and 48cm (19”) wide, under mounted with an overflow. The faucet shall have a PVD
finish. Lavatory faucets shall be motion sensor controlled. Lavatory faucets shall be
designed with a maximum flow rate of 5.6 l/m (1.5 GPM).
Public Washroom fixtures shall be high-efficiency, low-flow and / or ultra-low flow.
Toilets shall be automatic flush wall-mounted 5.8 LPF (1.28 GPF) sensor flush-O-
meters. Consider the use 0.6 LPF (0.125 GPF) urinals with sensor flush-O-meters in
public bathrooms.
Provide slow close seats and quick release toilet seat for easy cleaning.
2.2 Guest rooms
Lavatories for guest rooms shall be a minimum of 10cm (4”) deep and 48cm (19”)
wide, with an overflow assembly. The faucet is to be 20cm (8” ) widespread with
lever handle with ceramic disc cartridges, 1.9 LPM (0.5 GPM) flow sensors, and
PVD finish. Lavatory faucets shall be designed with a maximum flow rate of
5.6 LPM (1.5 GPM).
The toilet (located in a water closet) shall be one-piece elongated bowl toilet where
applicable with water saving flush controls (dual flush, low flow) where the flush
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type and water usage is determined by the project parameters. Toilets shall be
high-efficiency, low-flow and / or ultra-low flow. Provide slow close seats and lids
and quick release toilet seat for easy cleaning.
The bathtubs shall be deep steeping tubs made of cast iron at a minimum of 1.7m
x 0.90m (5’6” L x 36” W) with solid brass drain pipes and factory finished non-slip
bases. A wall mounted hand shower and clear PVC coated metal chrome hose are
optional. If a jetted tub is proposed, only air-jetted tubs are allowed for sanitary
reasons. No internal pipes shall be specified. Sanijet is considered an approved
vendor; provide product specifications for approval if an alternate tub is considered.
These tubs may be acrylic with a textured bottom to prevent slipping. Acrylic
material shall have continuous colour throughout.
A separate shower stall is to be fitted with Symmons pressure balancing valve (86-
2-X), Kohler pressure balancing valve (Rite-Temp) or equivalent. Shower trim is to be
coordinated with the faucet fixtures and have a PVD finish. Provide a wall mounted
or ceiling mounted rain shower head and a hand-held showerhead mounted on
an adjustable height shower bar with clear PVC coated chrome hose. The shower
flooring must be non-slip rated at R10 minimum.
For a branded luxury shower experience, the shower head flow shall be 9.5 LPM
(2.5 GPM). If the project is to be certified or sustainable, consider the 6.6 LPM
(1.75 GPM) showerhead. The actual specified showerhead shall be field tested
(in a remote location) prior to final approval.
Shower pan and curb to be designed to prevent overflow onto bathroom floor.
Shower floor sloped from the door to floor drain in the opposite corner. Drain is to
be located off centre, under the showerhead, or at the rear of the shower.
All wet area flooring must be certified non-slip rated to R10 minimum.
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2.3 Staff Areas

In the staff locker rooms, premium fixtures and accessories are preferred to reduce
long-term maintenance requirements. The architect shall make an attempt to use
the same brand as in the public area for ease of maintenance.

Lavatories shall be motion sensor controlled. Toilets for staff washrooms shall be
automatic flush wall-mounted with 4.8 LPF (1.28 GPF) sensor flush-O-meters and
use 0.6 LPF (0.125GPF) urinals with sensor flush-O-meters.

Provide slow close seats and lids quick release toilet seat for easy cleaning and
moulded handle for sanitary purposes.

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