Professional Documents
Culture Documents
All problems
All kinds of problems encountered,
All problems
the whole problem space
Type 1 problems
Problems similar to example situations 1 Type 1
(toothache) and 2 (flat tire). They are solved problems
via solution-based problem solving
approach, because possible solutions are
known from experience. Type 1 problems
need Type 1 experts.
Type 2 problems
Type 2
problems
Problems similar to example situations 3 Note
There are problems that don’t
(election) and 4 (acquisition). They are solved
fit to either type, this categorization
via hypothesis-based problem solving is not exhaustive.
approach, because no obvious solutions Also, there are
problems that could be solved just
exist. Type 2 problems need Type 2 experts. as well via solution-based and by
hypothesis-based approaches.
KNOWLEDGE
Type 1 Expert Type 2 Expert
When? Why?
When the problems… Because when dealing with not well defined, not
• are not well defined repetitive and unique problems that have no
• are not repetitive obvious solutions…
• are not accompanied by a list of solutions to try • it is faster than the standard appoach of data
out collection -> analysis -> conclusion
• have a unique setting, circumstances or particular • it requires less effort than the standard approach
characteristics as only the most promising potential solutions
are tested
When some of the above are true for a given problem • it engages all stakeholders of the problem
HBPS should definitely be considered And it’s the method of choice of top consulting firms!
ACTION-ORIENTED
Explicitly state the actions
that need to be taken to
solve the problem
MEASURABLE RELEVANT
Try to quantify the problem Drop all facts that are not
as much as possible. It is
much easier to work with A relevant leaving only what is
relevant to solving the
solid quantifiable objectives
rather than qualitatively M problem
R
SPECIFIC TIME-BOUND
Avoid general problem
formulation. Being specific
will let you focus the
S T
Clearly state what time
boundaries apply to the
problem and its potential
problem-solving solution
1 sensible sub-problems
and continue until the sub-
sub-… problems you end
cannot result in a loss of
any pieces of the main
problem. When all sub-
2
up with can be tackled by problems are solved, in
an appropriate analysis. combination they yield
The final sub-problems the answer to the main
cannot overlap problem.
ME Mutually Exclusive -
No overlaps
Cumulatively Exhaustive
- Full problem scope CE
Consulting Approach to Problem Solving
How to divide? 9
How to grow the revenue of the consumer How to grow the revenue of the business
segment of mobile phone buyers? segment of mobile phone buyers? …
s e s Mor
m cau e is
ble sue
Pro s
Ass Problem
ocia
ted i
ssu
es
Sub-issue … Sub-issue
Visi
on … … …
Mind maps are groupings of ideas associated with the Issue trees have a particular structure that ought to be preserved. They depict a cascade of sub-
central problem. The structure is not rigid and is more of a problems (or issues) that together constitute the whole problem. Issue trees are very helpful in
snapshot of what is related to the problem tracking the breakdown of a large problem into parts and attempting to solve each part separately
Put the representation of the Put down all ideas (disregarding Stimulate the mindmapping
problem in the centre of the how crazy they might seem, or exercise to keep the flow of ideas
drawing space, don’t necessarily who puts them forward) around going: use brainstorming kits with
write but draw and doodle too. the centrally placed problem. colored pens and paper, take
Have an open attitude! Common ideas can be connected turns at the writing board and
with branches extending from the make breaks. But don’t filter the
centre and further sub-branches ideas just yet! You will do that
when mapping the ideas onto an
issue tree
Main steps of structuring Model of the issue tree. Note that the depending on the problem and the particular decomposition method
an issue-tree chosen there can be any number of issues stemming from the problem, sub-issues stemming from issues, etc.
…
Hypotheses formulation - things to note
1. Keep asking what the “so what?” is for every formulated hypothesis. This checks their
relevance to solving the problem
2. When on an engagement or when solving a business case make the hypotheses action
Sub-issue 1.1 - What opportunities exist
oriented, not diagnostic
for the energy retailer to decrease
3. Use knowledge specific to the domain of the problem. You don’t need expert knowledge to
the price of renewable energy it procures? formulate hypotheses but it will help you along the way
4. Think out of the box, be creative!
Problem
Issue 1 Issue 22
Issue … Issue N
Required analysis
Necessary data
Problem
Issue 1 Issue 22
Issue … Issue N
…
…
…
A neater tabular form of representation of an issue tree when more information (analyses and data) needs to be
shown (example problem structure shown)
Analyses Data
1 Analysing B2B sales data for 2016 Data regarding sales per channel
Payroll data
Survey results
Reasons: Reasons:
• Focus work on results • Deliver solutions that fit best the context of the
• Help identify quick wins problem
• Aid the creation of a project plan Criteria examples:
• Understand the resource limitations better • Financial impact
Criteria examples: • Ease of implementation
• Time available for engagement completion • Time constraint on coming up with a solution, the
• Human resources urgency
• Know-how resources • Fit with the organisation's strategy
• Fit with the organisation's culture or values
Issue 1 Issue 22
Issue Issue N
…
Prioritized hypotheses
High
Implementation difficulty
Low
Hypotheses
Analyses Data Data sources Deadlines (for analyses) Responsibilities
(prioritized)
List of maintenance
Benchmarking of procedures - Generic procedures found in
maintenance professional literature End of calendar week 9 - John Doe,
Information on
Manage the cost of own procedures at power - List of procedures received internal check
maintenance procedures from the client company
Consultant
renewable energy plants
of other energy retailers
generation by
introducing more End of calendar week 11 -
- Cost data from industry
efficient maintenance Impact measure of internal check
benchmarks Jane Roe, Senior
procedures at existing new procedures on Data on process costs End of calendar week 12 -
- Cost data from client Consultanr
power plants" costs planned partial
company
presentation to client
… … … … …
Tabular form of representation of an issue tree for prioritized hypotheses. After prioritization the information
regarding data sources, deadlines for analyses and responsibilities can be added in
Premises: Conclusions:
Prices of silver
2 will drop
SYNTHESIS:
"Revenue of the group will tumble
Prices of gold if they don't mine more"
3 will drop
… Results of analyses …
Reinforcement of prioritization
(as you will track the value added
from each analysis from the start)
3