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FROM LOGS
ESTIMATING POROSITY FROM
WELL LOGS
Shale
Oil sand
Shale
Bulk density
Sonic (acoustic)
Compensated neutron
4100
Density
correction
4200
Caliper
Mud cake
(mc + hmc)
Formation (b)
Long spacing
detector
Short spacing
detector
Source
BULK DENSITY
b ma 1 f
Matrix Fluids in
flushed zone
•Measures electron density of a formation
•Strong function of formation bulk density
•Matrix bulk density varies with lithology
–Sandstone 2.65 g/cc
–Limestone 2.71 g/cc
–Dolomite 2.87 g/cc
POROSITY FROM DENSITY LOG
Porosity equation
ma b
ma f
Fluid density equation
f mf Sxo h 1 Sxo
We usually assume the fluid density (f) is between 1.0 and 1.1. If gas is present, the
actual f will be < 1.0 and the calculated porosity will be too high.
mf is the mud filtrate density, g/cc
h is the hydrocarbon density, g/cc
Sxo is the saturation of the flush/zone, decimal
DENSITY LOGS
Working equation (hydrocarbon zone)
b S xo mf 1 S xo hc
10800
Bulk Density
10900
Log
NEUTRON LOG
10800
Neutron
10900
Log
ACOUSTIC (SONIC) LOG
E3
E1
T0 E2
50
sec
COMMON LITHOLOGY MATRIX
TRAVEL TIMES USED
Vsh t sh 1 Vsh t ma
4100
Sonic
porosity
4200
Caliper
SONIC LOG
The response can be written as follows:
tlog t ma 1 t f
t log t ma
t f t ma
10800
Sonic
Log
10900
FACTORS AFFECTING SONIC
LOG RESPONSE
Unconsolidated formations
Naturally fractured formations
Hydrocarbons (especially gas)
Rugose salt sections
RESPONSES OF POROSITY LOGS
e
e
Clay Lamination
1
Schematic Reservoir Layering Profile
in a Carbonate Reservoir
Flow unit
Baffles/barriers
3250
3250 3250 3200 3250
3300 3250
3200
3250
3350 3350