FUNDAMENTALSOFSURVEYI

NG
LABEXERCI
SENO.06

PROBLEM : THREE-
WIRELEVELI
NG
OBJECTI
VES : Todet
erminetheel
evati
onofapointsomedist
anceaway
byt
hethree-
wiremethodofdi
ff
erent
iall
evel
i
ng.

LABEXERCI
SEOUTLI
NE

A.I
NSTRUMENTS&ACCESSORI
ES:

1.Engi
neer
’sLev
elorAut
omat
icLev
elequi
ppedwi
thst
adi
ahai
rs
2.RangePol
es
3.HubsorPegs
4.Lev
eli
ngRod
5.HammerorMal
l
et
6.Chal
korMar
kingCr
ayons

B.PROCEDURE

1.Designatetheini
ti
alorref
erencepointoft
hel
evelr
out
easBM 1andthef
inalor
terminalpointasBM- 2.Theel ev
ationofBM 2istobedeter
minedandt he
elevati
onofBM 1mustbeknownorassumed.

2. Ataconvenientlocati
onjustbeyondBM-1andalongthegener
aldesi
gnat
ed
rout
eofthelevell
i
ne, setupt
heinstr
umentandl
evel
15li
neofsi
ght
.

3.Takeandrecor
dabacksi
ghtonBM-
1andnot
etheupper
,mi
ddl
e,andl
ower
cr
oss-
hai
rreadi
ngs.

4.Di
rectt
herodmantomovefor
wardalongthegener
alrout
e(notnecessar
il
yina
st
rai
ghtl
inej
oini
ngBM-
1andthenextpoi
nt)andest
abl
i
shTP-1.

5.Withthelev
eli
ngrodheldplumbonTP- 1,t
akeaf
oresi
ghtoni
tandr
ecor
dthe
upper
,middle,
andlowercr
oss-
hai
rreadi
ngs.

6.Transf
er,setup,
andlev
elt
heinstrumentatanothersui
tabl
elocat
ionbeyondTP-
1andt akeabacksightonTP-1,andrecordtheupper,middl
eandl owercross-
hairr
eadings.

7.Di
rectt
her
odmant
omov
eaconv
eni
entdi
stanceaheadoft
hei
nst
rumentand
STA BACKSI
GHT HI FORESI
GHT ELEV REMARKS

HAIR MEAN S HAIR MEAN S

RDGS RDGS

est
abl
i
shTP-
2.

8.Takeaf
oresi
ghtonTP-
2andagai
nrecor
dthet
hreehai
rreadi
ngs.

9.Repeattheaboveprocedureunti
lfi
nal
l
yaf
oresi
ghti
stakent
hedesi
gnat
edpoi
nt
(BM-2)attheendofthelev
elli
ne.

10.Tabul
ateobser
vedandcomputedval
uesaccor
dingl
y.Ref
ert
otheaccompany
ing
sampl
ef or
matfort
hetabul
ati
onoffi
elddat
a.

C.COMPUTATI
ONS
1.Themeanoft hereadi
ngsoftheupper
,mi
ddl
e,andl
owercr
osshai
rsf
oreach
si
ghti
stakenasthecorr
ectr
odreadi
ng.

2.Thei
nter
v albetweenthereadi
ngont heuppercross-
hairandt hereadingonthe
l
owercross-hai
ri sameasur eofthedistancefrom theinstr
umentt ot her
od
si
ght
ed.Thedi stanceisdeter
minedbymul ti
plyi
ngtheobser v
edi nter
v albyt
he
st
adi
aintervalf
actor(K)oft
heinst
rument,
whi chi
susuallyequalto100.

3.Theheightofinstrumentforasetupisf oundaset upisfoundbyaddi ngt he

meanbacksi ghtreadingtotheel
evati
onoft hepointbacksighted.Subt
ract
ing
themeanforesightreadi
ngonaturni
ngpointfrom t
heheightofinstr
umentgives
theel
evati
on.Thisprocessofcomputat
ionisrepeat
edforeachsetup.

4.The diff
erence i
n el
evat
ion bet
ween t
he i
nit
ialand fi
nalpoi
nts equal
sthe
dif
fer
encebet weenthesum oft hemeanbacksi ght
sandsum oft hemean
for
esights.

D.REMARKS,
HINTS&PRECAUTI
ONS:

1.Themet hodoft
hree-
wir
elev
eli
ngwasf or
merl
yusedmai nl
yinpr
eciselev
eli
ng
work.I
tisnowcommononproject
sthatr
equi
reonl
yor
dinarypr
eci
sion.

2.Thei nst
rumentusedmustbeequi ppedwithstadi
ahair
si naddit
iont othe
regul
arcr osshai
rs and f
oreach sight
,the t
hree cr
oss hai
rs ar
er ead by
esti
mat i
ontomi l
l
imeter
sandrecor
ded.
3.Readi ngsoftheupper,middle,andlowercross-
hairsareav er
agedt oobtaina
betterv al
ue.Asacomputationalcheckitmustbev eryclosetothemi ddl
ewi r
e
reading.Also,acheckissecur edbynotingthedif
ferencebet weenthemi ddl
e
andupperhai randbetweent hemi ddl
eandl owerhai r
.I ft
hesef ai
ltoagree
withinoneort woofthesmallestuni
tsbeingr
ead,t
her eadingsarerepeat
ed.

4.Allt
urni
ngpoint
smustbeonsoli
dobject
swithr
oundedt
opsothatt
hebaseof
therodcanbeheldi
nthesameposi
ti
onfort
hebacksi
ght
sandf
oresi
ght
s.

5.Topreventunequalther
malexpansi
on,t
hel
evelshoul
dbepr
otect
edf
rom t
he
sunbyanumbr el
la.

6.Toeliminat
etheef
fect
sofvari
ationsi
nat mospher
icref
ract
ion,set
tl
ementofthe
tr
ipod,orwarpi
ngofthelevel
,theshortestpossi
bleti
meel apsebetweenback
si
ghtandsucceedi
ngforesi
ghti
sdesirable.

7.Thethree-
wir
elevel
i
nghasbeenemployedformostpr eci
sesurvey
ingbecauseit
prov
ideschecksagainstrodr
eadi
ngbl
unders,producesgreat
eraccuracysince
aver
agesoft hr
eereadingsar
emade,anditfurni
shesstadiameasurementsof
si
ghtlengt
hs.

8.Thismethodofl ev
eli
ngisveryt
ediousandr
equi
resext
remecar
e.Membersof
thefi
eldsurveypar
tymustheedminutedeMi
nimi
zesyst
emati
cerr
orswhi
chare
alwayspresent.