Histology With Ans

JAI MATA DI
*Histologic technique *1*8*2*
#1
*!Histologic fixation of tissues is the process that
*+Сauses irreversible coagulation of proteins and ceases vital activity of tissues and organs
*Enhances metabolism
*Causes cell differentiation
*Does not have any influence on vital activity of tissue
*Induces proliferation of cells
#2
*!Purpose of histologic staining is
*To increase density of tissues

*To coagulate proteins
*+To increase contrast of structures
*To decrease contrast of structures
*To preserve tissue for a long time
#3
*!Basic stains are bound with
*+Acid compounds of the histologic structures

*Basic compounds of the histologic structures
*Mineral substances
*Neutral fat
*Glycogen of cytoplasm
#4
*!Acid stains are bound with
*Acid compounds of histologic structures

*+Basic compounds of histologic structures
*Mineral substances
*Neutral fat
*Glycogen of cytoplasm
#5
*!Impregnation is due to the ability of histologic structures for
*Being stained with acid dyes

*Being stained with basic dyes
*Reacting with periodic acid (PAS)
*+Reducing salts of heavy metals
*Being stainable with Sudan-III
#6
*!Histologic sections are embedded in balsam or in any other synthetic medium with the following
purpose
*To increase density of tissue

*To decrease density of tissue
*To increase contrast of tissue
*To decrease contrast of tissue
*+To preserve histologic specimen for a long time
#7
*!What fixator and stain are useful for the investigation of fat inclusions of a cell
*+Formalin and Sudan III

*Alcohol and pyronin G
*Alcohol and Feulgen stain
*Formalin and periodic acid Schiff reaction
*Alcohol and toluidine blue
#8
*!If it is necessary to investigate cellular structures sized less than 0,2 of a micrometer. Which methods
are useful for that investigation
*Phase-contrast
*Luminescent
*Ultraviolet
*+Electron
*Densitometry
*Cytology.*1*12*1*
#9
*!Cell contact that allows the free passage of some substances from one cell to the other
*Desmosome
*Tight junction
*+Gap junction
*Adhesive belt
*Unspecialized contact
#10
*!Glycocalix of the cellular plasma membrane represents
*Thick lipid layer

*Ribonucleoprotein layer
*+Glycoprotein and glycolipid complexes associated with plasmalemma
*Layer of glycosaminoglycans
*Microfilaments and microtubules
#11
*!Membranous organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes
*Granular endoplasmic reticulum

*Golgi complex
*+Lysosomes
*Mitochondria
*Agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#12
*!Synthesis of proteins of the cell membrane takes place in

*+Granular endoplasmic reticulum
*Mitochondria
*Lysosomes
*Centrioles
#13
*!Cell organelle that consists of five to ten flattened cisternae and a large number of vesicles

*Mitochondrion
*+Golgi complex
*Lysosome
#14
*!Ribosomes play an essential role in
*+ Protein synthesis
*Glycogen synthesis
*Phagocytosis
*Glycosaminoglycan synthesis
*Transport of substances
#15
*!Cell organelle that represents elementary apparatus of the protein synthesis
*+Ribosome
* Lysosome
*Peroxisome
*Mitochondrion
*Microtubule
#16
*!What types of inclusions do the drops of neutral fat belong to
*Secretory
*Excretory
*Pigment
*+Trophic
*Foreign phagocytized particles
#17
*!What type of cytoplasmic inclusion of erythrocytes does hemoglobin represent
*Trophic
*Secretory
*Excretory
*+Endogenous pigment
*Exogenous pigment
#18
*!Which of the following substances belong to the trophic cytoplasmic inclusions
*Bilirubin
*Hemosiderin
*+Glycogen
*Lipofuscin
*Melanin
#19
*!Structural component of nucleus that is the site where ribosomal RNA is synthesized
*Nuclear membrane
*+Nucleolus
*Nucleoplasm
*Euchromatin
*Heterochromatin
#20
*!At which stage of mitosis the two centrioles separate and move to the opposite poles of the cell
*Interphase
*+Prophase
*Metaphase
*Anaphase
*Telophase
*Cytology*2*20*2*
#21
*! One of the cellular structural elements consists of lipid bilayer and different types of proteins.
Which of the following structutal elements corresponds to the above mentioned description?
*+Plasmolemma
*Microtubule
*Ribosome
*Cell centre
*Axoneme
#22
*!On the electron photomicrograph one can see two cells. Plasma membranes of the cells are in actual
contact.
What type of cells contacts is that?
*Simple
*+Tight
*Gap
*Desmosome
*Chemical synapse
#23
*!On the electron photomicrograph of a cell one can see membranous structural element that consists of
five to ten flattened cisterns and numerous peripheral vesicles.
What cell organelle is that?
*Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

*Rough endoplasmic reticulum
*Mitochondroin
*+Golgi complex
*Lysosomes
#24
*!On the electron photomicrograph one can see a cell organelle that contains outer and inner membranes.
The outer membrane is smooth. The inner membrane forms numerous cristae penetrating into matrix.
*Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

*Rough endoplasmic reticulum
*+Mitochondrion
*Golgi complex
*Lysosomes
#25
*!Cell organelle 0,2-0,4 of a micrometer in size, that represents membrane bounded vesicle containing
hydrolases.

*Mitochondrion
*Golgi complex
*+Lysosome
#26
*!Large nuclei, in which considerable areas of euchromatin can be seen, are referred to as open-face
nuclei.
What process is that fact due to?
*Insult of cells
*Beginning of mitosis
*Lack of transcriptional activity
*+High transcriptional activity
*Polyploidy of the cell
#27
*!On the electron photomicrograph one discovered that the DNA content of the chromosome was
duplicated, and centrioles divided.
What stage of the cell cycle is that?
*Mitosis
*Rest
*Presynthetic
*+Synthetic
*Postsynthetic
#28
*!During cell division the chromosomes line up across the centre, or equator, of the cell. Tubules
radiating from each centriole create a star like appearance or aster.
What stage of cell division is that?
*Prophase
*+Metaphase
*Anaphase
*Early telophase
*Late telophase
#29
*!During cell cycle the division of the nucleus is accompanied by the division of the cytoplasm. In this
process the organelles are presumably duplicated and each daughter cell comes to have a full complement
of them.
*Interphase
*Prophase
*Metaphase
*Anaphase
*+Telophase
#30
*!During cell cycle the centromere of each chromosome splits longitudinally into two so that the
chromatids now become independent chromosomes.
*Interphase
*Prophase
*Metaphase
*+Anaphase
*Telophase
#31
*!Structure of the plasmalemma that is designated with the letter A
*Molecules of the oligosaccharides

*Membrane proteins
*Half-integral proteins
*Integral proteins
*+Double layer of lipid molecules
#32
*!Structure of the plasmolemma that is designated with the letter Б
*Molecules of the oligosaccharides
*Membrane proteins
*+Half-integral prtoteins
*Integral proteins
*Double layer of lipid molecules
#33
*!Structure of the plasmalemma that is designated with the letter B
*Molecules of oligosaccharides
*+Membrane proteins
*Integral proteins
#34
*!Structure of the plasmalemma that is designated with the letter Г
*+Molecules of oligosaccharides
*Membrane proteins
*Integral proteins
#35
*!Structure of the plasmalemma that is designated with the letter Д
*Molecules of oligosaccharides
*Membrane proteins
*+Integral proteins
#36
*!Phase of cell cycle that is designated with the letter A
*Telophase
*Metaphase
*Anaphase
*Prophase
*+Interphase
#37
*!Phase of mitosis that is designated with the letter Б
*Telophase
*Metaphase
*Anaphase
*+Prophase
*Interphase
#38
*!Phase of mitosis that is designated with the letter B
*Telophase
*+Metaphase
*Anaphase
*Prophase
*Interphase
#39
*!Phase of mitosis that is designated with the letter Г
*Telophase
*Metaphase
*+Anaphase
*Prophase
*Interphase
#40
*!Phase of mitosis that is designated with the letter Д
*+Telophase
*Metaphase
*Anaphase
*Prophase
*Interphase
*Cytology*4*10*1*
#41
*!COMMON CELL ORGANELLE
*cilia
*myofibrils
*neurofibrils
*mitochondria
*+Golgi complex
#42
*!PROCESSES THAT TAKE PLACE WITHIN HYALOPLASM
*+glycolysis
*transcription
*RNA synthesis
*spiralization of chromatin
*conservation of genetic information
#43
*!WITHIN THE GOLGI COMPLEX THE ORGANIC SUBSTANCES UNDERGO
*storage
*deactivation
*+segregation
*mineralization
*disintoxication
#44
*!STRUCTURES THAT TAKE PART IN THE BREAKDOWN OF THE EXOGENOUS AND
ENDOGENOUS SUBSTANCES WITHIN THE CELL
*cell centre
*+lysosomes
*microtubule
*microfilaments
*endoplasmic reticulum
#45.
*!STRUCTURES OF THE CELL THAT TAKE PART IN THE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHORIC
ACID SYNTHESIS
*lysosomes
*peroxisomes
*+mitochondria
*Golgi complex
#46
*!CYTOSKELETAL ORGANELLES
*lysosomes
*mitochondria
*+microtubules
*Golgi complex
#47
*!MICROTUBULES ARE THE PART OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES
*+cilia
*ribosomes
*lysosomes
*mitochondria
#48
*!SPECIAL ORGANELLES OF MOVEMENT
*+cilia
*microvilli
*tonofibrils
*lysosomes
*neurofibrils
*mitochondria
#49
*!PROCESSES THAT OCCUR DURING PROPHASE OF THE MITOTIC DIVISION
*cytotomia
*+nucleoli disappear
*separation of chromatids
*chromosomes lie along equatorial plate
*formation of daughter stars by chromatids
*chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
#50
*!ORGANELLES OF THE OXYGEN UTILIZATION
*centrioles
*lysopsomes
*microtubules
*+mitochondria
*Golgi complex
#51
*!Spherical sex cell one hundred and thirty micrometers in diameter, covered by pellucid zone and radiate
crown; it contains haploid number of chromosomes
*Ovogonium
*Primary oocyte
*Secondary oocyte
*+Mature ovum
*First polar body
#52
*!Human oocyte in accordance with the arrangement of its cytoplasmic yolk inclusions is
*Centrolecithal
*Markedly telolecithal
*Moderately telolecithal
*+Isolecithal
*Alecithal
#53
*!Sex cell that consists of a head (containing haploid nucleus), midpiece and tail
*Spermatogonium
*Spermatid
*Primary spermatocyte
*+Spermatozoon
*Secondary spermatocyte
#54
*!Nucleus of the spermatozoon is situated in
*+Head
*Connecting piece
*Principal piece
*Middle piece
*Neck
#55
*!Fertilization takes place in
*+Outer third of the uterine tube

*Neck of uterus
*Uterine cavity
*Abdominal cavity
*Vagina
#56
*!Type of cleavage of the human zygote is
*Total, asynchronous
*Total, equal
*Synchronous, equal
*+Total, unequal, asynchronous
*Incomplete, equal
#57
*!Trophoblast of the human blastocyst consists of
*+One layer of flattened elongated cells

*One layer of cuboidal cells
*One layer of columnar cells
*Two layers of cuboidal cells
*Two layers of columnar cells
#58
*!Embryoblast of the blastocyst represents
*One large light blastomere that is situated in the centre of the blastocyst
*Two small dark blastomeres that are situated in the centre of the blastocyst
*Two small light blastomeres adjacent to the trophoblast on the inside
*One large light blastomere adjacent to the trophoblast on the inside
*+Cluster of large dark blastomeres adjacent to the trophoblast on the inside
#59
*!The process of implantation begins
*On the third day

*On the fifteenth day
*+On the seventh day
*On the tenth day
*On the first day
#60
*!Formation of fetal organs and tissues takes place in the process of
*Fertilization
*Cleavage
*The first phase of the gastrulation
*The second phase of the gastrulation
*+Differentiation of the germ layers
#61
*!Nephrotome gives rise to
*+Urogenital system
*Nervous system
*Respiratory system
*Digestive system
*Endocrine system
#62
*!Neural tube gives rise to
*Respiratory system
*Digestive system
*Reproductive system
*+Nervous system
*Endocrine system
#63
*!Myotome develops into
*Myocardium
*Smooth muscle
*+Skeletal muscle
*Axial skeleton
*Dermal connective tissue
#64
*!Sclerotome develops into
*+Axial skeleton
*Skeletal muscle
*Dermal connective tissue
*Notochord
*Smooth muscle
#65
*!Dermatome gives rise to
*Dermal epithelium
*+Dermal connective tissue
*Skeletal muscle
*Hair
*Sebaceous glands
#66
*!Connective tissue arises from
*Ectoderm
*Entoderm
*+Mesenchyme
*Mesodermal splanchnotom
*Neural plate
#67
*!Blood arises from
*Ectoderm
*+Mesemchyme
*Endoderm
*Nephrotome
*Mesodermal splanchnotom
#68
*!Wall of the amnion consists of
*Extraembryonic endoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm

*+Extraembryonic ectoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic ectoderm and embryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic endoderm and embryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic mesoderm and embryonic mesenchyme
#69
*!Function of the human yolk sac
*Protective
*+Hemopoietic
*Endocrine
*Excretory
*Secretory
#70
*!The wall of yolk sac is made up of
*+Extraembryonic endoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm

*Extraembryonic ectoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic ectoderm and embryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic endoderm and embryonic mesoderm
*Embryonic mesoderm and embryonic mesenchyme
#71
*!What function does the umbilical cord perform
*Protective
*Hemopoietic
*Endocrine
*Immune
*+Transport
*Embryology*2*22*1*
#72
*!51. During the process of fertilization the contact between spermatozoon and oocyte takes place. That
fact causes acrosomal reaction.
Which special features is the acrosomal reaction characterized by?
*Formation of the fertilization membrane

*Loss of spermatic filament
*+Excretion of hyaluronidase and tripsin by acrosome
*Spermatozoon activation
*Upstream movement of spermatozoon in a flowing liquid
#73
*!Human embryogenesis includes the main four periods: fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, histogenesis.
What special features is cleavage characterized by?
*Formation of zygote as a result of fusion of male and female sex cells

*+Formation of blastocyst as a result of sequential division of zygote into blastomeres
*Formation of the germs of organs
*Formation of the germinal layers
*Formation of the axial organs
#74
*!Human embryogenesis includes the main four periods: fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, histogenesis.
What special features is gastrulation characterized by?
*Division of zygote into blastomeres

*Union of a sperm and an ovum in order to form zygote
*+Formation of the three germinal layers
*Formation of the primordia of tissues and organs
*Formation of the blastocyst
#75
*!Extraembryonic organ that represents reservoir filled with amniotic fluid.
Which of the following extraembryonic organs is that?
*+Amnion
*Yolk sac
*Allantois
*Chorion
*Placenta
#76
*!An extraembryonic organ that is formed at the end of gastrulation, and represents finger-shaped
outgrowth of the extraembryonic endoderm projecting into the connecting stalk.
What do we call that extraembryonic organ?
*Amnion
*+Allantois
*Yolk sac
*Placenta
*Umbilical cord
#77
*!One of the extraembryonic organs connects germ with maternal organism.
Which of the following extraembryonic organs performs that function?
*Yolk sac
*Amnion
*Allantois
*Umbilical cord
*+Placenta
#78
*!Human placenta is divided into fetal and maternal parts.
What is the fetal placenta made up of?
*+Chorionic plate and chorionic villi

*Decidual membrane of the endometrium
*Deciduous capsular membrane
*Deciduous parietal membrane
*Myometrium
#79
*!Human placenta is divided into fetal and maternal parts.
What is the maternal placenta made up of?
*Chorionic plate and chorionic villi

*+Decidual membrane of the endometrium
*Myometrium
*Deciduous capsular membrane
*Deciduous parietal membrane
#80
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter A
*Nerve tube
*Notochord
*Somite
*+Ectoderm
*Endoderm
#81
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter Б
*Nerve tube
*Notochord
*+Somite
*Ectoderm
*Endoderm
#82
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter B
*+Nerve tube
*Notochord
*Somite
*Ectoderm
*Endoderm
#83
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter Г
*Nerve tube
*Notochord
*Somite
*+Parietal layer of the mesoderm
*Endoderm
#84
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter Д
*Nerve tube
*Notochord
*Somite
*Ectoderm
*+Visceral layer of mesoderm
#85
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter E
*Nerve tube
*Notochord
*Somite
*Ectoderm
*+Endoderm
#86
*!Human germinal structure that is designated with the letter Ж
*Nerve tube
*+Notochord
*Somite
*Ectoderm
*Endoderm
#87
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter A
*+Septum
*Umbilical cord
*Lacuna
*Chorionic plate
*Chorionic villi
#88
*!Human extraenbryonic organ that is designated with the letter Б
*Allantois
*+Umbilical cord
*Fetal placenta
*Maternal placenta
*Vitelline sac
#89
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter B
*Septa
*Umbilical cord
*+Lacunae
*Chorionic plate
*Chorionic villi
#90
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter Г
*Septa
*Umbilical cord
*Lacunae
*+Chorionic plate
*Chorionic villi
#91
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter Д
*Septa
*Umbilical cord
*Lacunae
*Chorionic plate
*+Chorionic villi
#92
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter E
*Septa
*Umbilical cord
*Lacunae
*+Endometrium
*Chorionic villi
#93
*!Human placental structure that is designated with the letter Ж
*Septa
*Umbilical cord
*Lacunae
*Endometrium
*+Myometrium
*Embryology*4*10*1*
#94
*!ON THE BASIS OF ARRANGEMENT AND AMOUNT OF THE CYTOPLASMIC YOLK
THE HUMAN OOCYTE IS
*alecithal
*+isolecithal
*centrolecithal
*moderately telolecithal
*considerably telolecithal
#95
*!CYTOPLASM OF MATURE OOCYTE CONTAINS ORGANELLES
*cell centre
*tonofibrils
*actin filaments
*myosin filaments
*+endoplasmic reticulum
#96
*!SPERMATOZOON AND OOCYTE HAVE SIMILAR FEATURES
*mobility
*yolk inclusions
*+short life span
*ability to divide
*absence of cell centre
#97
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENT OF SPERMATOZOON
*+acrosome
*zona pellucida
*corona radiata
*yolk inclusions
*cortical granules
#98
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE DETERMINED AFTER ELEVENTH DAY
OF THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
*somites
*allantois
*nerve tube
*primitive gut
*+yolk vesicle
#99
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT CAN BE DETERMINED ON THE SEVENTEENTH
DAY OF EMBRYONAL DEVELOPMENT
*somites
*nerve tube
*+notochord
*nephrotome
*primitive gut
*splanchnotom
#100
*!WALL OF THE AMNIOTIC VESICLE IS MADE UP OF
*embryonic mesoderm
*embryonic endoderm
*+embryonic ectoderm
*extraembryonic ectoderm
*extraembryonic endoderm
#101
*!WALL OF THE YOLK SAC IS MADE UP OF
*embryonic ectoderm
*embryonic mesoderm
*embryonic endoderm
*extraembryonic ectoderm
*+extraembryonic mesoderm
#102
*!ENDODERM OF THE PRIMITIVE GUT GIVES RISE TO THE EPITHELIUM OF
*skin
*cornea
*kidney
*+pancreas
*oral cavity
*efferent ductules
#103
*!NEPHROGONOTOME GIVES RISE TO THE EPITHELIUM OF
*skin
*liver
*cornea
*+gonads
*oral cavity
*adrenal glands
Epithelium*1*16*2*
#104
*!What type of tissue is characterized by the polar differentiation of the cells
*Nerve
*Loose irregular connective
*Muscular
*+Epithelial
*Bone
#105
*!Formation of basal membrane of the surface epithelium is due to the vital activity of
*Blood plasma
*Nervous elements of connective tissue
*Fatty tissue
*+Epithelium and subjacent connective tissue
*Muscular tissue
#106
*!Epithelial cells are bound together by means of
*Network of elastic fibres

*Network of collagen fibres
*Amorphous substance
*+Different types of cell contacts
*Mineralized amorphous substance
#107
*!Goblet (flask) cells of the pseudostratified ciliated epithelium take part in
*Regeneration
*+Mucus secretion
*Phagocytosis
*Immune reactions
*Hormone synthesis
#108
*!Layer of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that contains stem (founded) cells
*Stratum granulosum
*+Stratum basale
*Stratum spinosum
*Stratum lucidum
*Stratum corneum
#109
*!Layer of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is made up of polygonal cells
*Stratum basale
*+Stratum spinosum
*Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
*Stratum corneum
#110
*!Epithelium that can be strеtched considerably without being damaged
*+Transitional
*Stratified squamous non-keratinized
*Stratified squamous keratinized
*Pseudostratified ciliated
*Simple columnar
#111
*!What cells make up the surface layer of transitional epithelium
*Prismatic
*Basal
*Endocrine
*Elongated (aggregated)
*+Large (that can be stratched considerably without being damaged )
#112
*!Endocrine glands are characterized by
*Presence of intercalated parts

*Presence of striated ducts
*Presence of interlobular excretory ducts
*+Absence of excretory ducts
*Presence of common excretory duct
#113
*!Glands that are characterized by holocrine type of secretion
*Pancreas
*Liver
*Submandibular
*+Sebaceous
*Parotid
#114
*!Glands that are characterized by apocrine secretion
*Pancreas
*Liver
*Submandibular
*+Mammary
*Parotid
#115
*!Glands that are characterized by apocrine secretion
*
*Pancreas
*Liver
*Submandibular
*+Mammary
*Parotid
#116
*!Apocrine type of secretion is characterized by the fact that
*Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*+Apical parts of glandular cells are destroyed
*Basal parts of glandular cells are destroyed
*Glandular cells remain
*Micrivilli on the apical pole are destroyed
#117
*!Merocrine type of secretion is characterized by the fact that
*Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*Apical parts of glandular cells are destroyed
*Basal parts of glandular cells are destroyed
*+Glandular cells remain intact
*Microvilli on the apical pole are destroyed
#118
*!Gland that has branchy excretory duct
*Simple alveolar (acinar)

*Endocrine
*Simple tubular
*Simple tubulo-alveolar (racemose)
*+Compound
#119
*!Gland that has unbranched excretory duct
*Compound alveolar
*Endocrine
*Compound tubular
*Compound tubulo-alveolar
*+Simple
*Epithelium*2*15*2*
#120
*! On the electron photomicrograph one can see epithelium consisting of different shaped cells, all of
which rest on a basement membrane.
What type of epithelium is that?
*Simple cuboidal
*Simple columnar
*Simple squamous
*+Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
#121
*! On the electron photomicrograph one can see epithelium that consists of three layers of cells – basal,
spinous and superficial.
*Transitional
*+Stratified squamous non-keratinized
*Stratified squamous keratinized
*Simple columnar
#122
*!On the photomicrograph one can see epithelium that consists of five layers of cells – basal cell layer,
stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.
*Transitional
*+Stratified squamous keratinized
*Simple columnar
#123
*!On the photomicrograph one can see a layer of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that contains
stem (founded) cells.
What layer is that?
*Stratum granulosum
*+Stratum basale
*Stratum spinosum
*Stratum lucidum
*Stratum corneum
#124
*!There are several types of secretion.
What are special features of holocrine type of secretion?
*+Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*Apical parts of the glandular cells are destroyed
*Basal parts of the glandular cells are destroyed
*Glandular cells remain intact
*Microvilli on the apical pole are destroyed
#125
*!Structure of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter A
*Vessel
*+Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*Layer of polyhedral cells
*Layer of flattened cells
#126
*!Structure of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter Б
*Vessel
*Basement membrane
*+Basal layer
#127
*!Structure of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter B
*Vessel
*Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*+Layer of polyhedral cells
#128
*!Structure of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter Г
*Vessel
*Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*+Layer of flattened cells
#129
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter A
*+Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*Stratum spinosum (Malpighian layer)
*Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
#130
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter Б
*Basement membrane
*+Basal layer
*Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
#131
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter B
*Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*+Stratum spinosum (Malpighian layer)
*Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
#132
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter Г
*Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*Sratum spinosum (Malpighian layer)
*+Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
#133
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter Д
*Basement membrane
*Basal layer
*Stratum granulosum
*+Stratum lucidum
#134
*!Structure of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium that is designated with the letter E
*+Stratum corneum
*Stratum basale
*Stratum granulosum
*Stratum lucidum
*Epithelium*4*10*1*
#135
*!BASAL MEMBRANE CONTAINS
*lipids
*elastic fibres
*reticular fibres
*+collagen fibrils
*contractile proteins
#136
*!EPITHELIUM IN WHICH ONLY CELLS OF THE DEEPEST (OR BASAL) LAYER REST
ON BASAL MEMBRANE
*+transitional
*simple cuboidal
*simple columnar
*simple squamous
*pseudostratified ciliated
#137
*!STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF UNILAYERED EPITHELIUM
*cornification of cells
*presence of goblet cells
*presence of endocrine cells
*+polarization in epithelial cells
#138
*!TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT
*it contains vessels

*its superficial cells are keratinized
*all of its cells rest on basal membrane
*its superficial cells are flattened in shape
*+its cells are able to change their form depending on the degree of distension
#139
*!SPECIAL ORGANELLES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS
*myofibrils
*lysosomes
*neurofibrils
*+tonofibrils
*mitochondria
#140
*!PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED EPITHELIUM OF RESPIRATORY TRACTS
CONTAINS
*+goblet cells
*horny scales
*granular cells
*flattened cells
*polygonal cells
#141
*!CELLULAR LAYERS IN STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS NON-KERATINIZED
EPITHELIUM
*+stratum basale
*stratum lucidum
*stratum corneum
*intermediate layer
*stratum granulosum
#142
*!APOCRINE TYPE OF SECRETION IS TYPICAL OF
*parotid gland
*sebaceous glands
*sublingual glands
*+mammary glands
*submandibular gland
#143
*!ENDOCRINE GLANDS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
*apocrine type of secretion

*presence of excretory ducts
*+a large number of blood capillaries
*poorly developed Golgi complex in endocrine cells
*presence of secretory granules in apical poles of cells
#144
*! ORGANS EPITHELIUM OF WHICH IS ECTODERMAL IN ORIGIN
*+skin
*stomach
*intestine
*oviducts
*renal tubules
*Blood*1*18*2*
#145
*!Blood is derived from
*Ectoderm
*Endoderm
*Mesoderma parietalis
*Mesoderma visceralis
*+Mesenchyma
#146
*!Blood cells that contain hemoglobin
*Lymphocytes
*Monocytes
*+Erythrocytes
*Basophils
*Eosinophils
147
*! Immature red blood cells containing network of ribosomal RNA stainable with methylene blue
*Neutrophils
* Basophils
*Lymphocytes
*+Reticulocytes
* Monocytes
#148
*!Blood cells that have lost their nuclei and other organelles
*Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*+Erythrocytes
*Basophils
*Eosinophils
#149
*!What blood cells perform respiratory function
*Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*+Erythrocytes
*Basophils
*Eosinophils
#150
*!What types of erythrocytes are characterized by biconcave shape
*Spherocytes
*Stomatocytes
*Echinocytes
*+Discocytes
*Planocytes
#151
*!Anuclear blood cells containing remains of organelles
*Neutrophils
*Basophils
*Lymphocytes
*+Reticulocytes
*Monocytes
#152
*!Percentage of human blood erythrocytes that contain rhesus-factor on their surfaces is
*0,5%
*10%
*30%
*+86%
100%
#153
*!Which of the following cells represents granulocyte
*+Neutrophil
*Monocyte
*Erythrocyte
*Lymphocyte
*Reticulocyte
#154
*!Life span of the neutrophils is
*One year
*+8 to 12 hours
*One month
*120 days
*10 to 12 minutes
#155
*!Blood granulocytes that contain large acidophilic cytoplasmic granules
*Lymphocytes
*Monocytes
*+Eosinophils
*Erythrocytes
*Neutrophils
#156
*!Blood cells cytoplasmic granules of which contain histaminase
*Basophils
*Monocytes
*Erythrocytes
*+Eosinophils
*Neutrophils
#157
*!Antiparasitic activity is typical of
*+Eosinophils
*Basophils
*Neutrophils
*Monocytes
*Erythrocytes
#158
*!Cells that produce histamine and take part in the regulation of vascular permeability
*Neutrophils
*Eosinophils
*Monocytes
*+Basophils
*Thrombocytes
#159
*!Blood cell that gives rise to plasmocyte
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*+B-lymphocyte
*T-lymphocyte
*Monocyte
#160
*!Which of the following cells are agranulocytes
*+Monocytes
*Basophils
*Segmentated neutrophils
*Eosinophils
*Stab (band) neutrophils
#161
*!Monocytes give rise to
*+Microglia
*Oligodendrocytes
*Protoplasmatic astrocytes
*Ependymal cells
*Fibrillar astrocytes
#162
*!Irregular-shaped fragments of megakaryocyte, that are devoid of nuclei and are usually aggregated
*Erythrocytes
*+Blood platelets
*Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*Basophils
*Blood*2*18*2*
#163
*!In the blood smear one can see blood cells that contain lobulated nuclei, and small cytoplasmic granules
stainable with acid and basic dyes. Those cells perform protective function.
What cells are those?
*Lymphocytes
*Monocytes
*Erythrocytes
*+Neutrophils
*Eosinophils
#164
*!In the blood smear one can see blood cells that contain bilobed nuclei, and large cytoplasmic granules
stainable red-orange.
*Lymphocytes
*Monocytes
*Erythrocytes
*Basophils
*+Eosinophils
#165
*!In the blood smear one can see blood cells that contain large basophilic cytoplasmic granules.
*Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*Eosinophils
*Neutrophils
*+Basophils
#166
*!In the blood smear one can see blood cells that exhibit round to horseshoe-shaped nuclei occupying
most of the protoplasm. Cytoplasm of each cell appears as a thin basophilic rim around the nucleus.
*+Lymphocytes
*Monocytes
*Erythrocytes
*Basophils
*Eosinophils
#167
*!Leukocytes of blood are able to move out of the vascular system and enter surrounding tissues where
they transform into macrophages.
What blood cells are those?
*+Monocytes
*Basophils
*Segmentated neutrophils
*Eosinophils
*Stab (band) neutrophils
#168
*!In the blood smear one can see the largest blood cells that contain round or indented (kidney-shaped)
placed eccentrically nuclei, and poorly basophilic cytoplasm.
*+Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*Eosinophils
*Neutrophils
*Basophils
#169
*!In the blood smear one can see irregular-shaped fragments of megakaryocyte, that are devoid of nuclei
and are usually aggregated.
*Erythrocytes
*+Blood platelets
*Monocytes
*Lymphocytes
*Basophils
#170
*!Formed element of blood (at the magnification of 630) that is designated with the letter A
*Erythrocytes
*+Thrombocytes
*Neutrophils
*Basophils
*Small lymphocytes
#171
*!Formed element of blood (at the magnification of 630) that is designated with the letter Б
*Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*+Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
#172
*!Formed element of blood (at the magnification of 630) that is designated with the letter B
*+Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
#173
*Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*Neutrophil
*+Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
#174
*+Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
#175
*Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*+Small lymphocyte
#176
*+Erythrocyte
*Thrombocyte
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
#177
*Erythrocyte
*Eosinophil
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*+Large lymphocyte
#178
*+Erythrocyte
*Eosinophil
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Large lymphocyte
#179
*Erythrocyte
*Eosinophil
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*+Small lymphocyte
#180
*+Erythrocyte
*Eosinophil
*Neutrophil
*Basophil
*Small lymphocyte
*Blood*4*10*1*
#181
*!NONGRANULAR LEUKOCYTES
*basophils
*neutrophils
*eosinophils
*erythrocytes
*thrombocytes
*+lymphocytes
#182
*!GRANULOCYTES OF BLOOD
*monocytes
*erythrocytes
*+neurtophils
*lymphocytes
*thrombocytes
#183
*!PROTEINS OF BLOOD PLASMA
*actin
*band 3
*spectrin
*+globulins
*glycoforins
*hemoglobin
#184
*!PROTEINS OF ERYTHROCYTIC PLASMALEMMA
*actin
*globulins
*albumins
*fibrinogen
*hemoglobin
*+glycoforins
#185
*!HEMOGLOBIN IS PRESENT IN
*monocytes
*neutrophils
*eosinophils
*lymphocytes
*+erythrocytes
*thrombocytes
#186
*!BLOOD CELLS THAT CARRY OUT RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
*monocytes
*neutrophils
*eosinophils
*lymphocytes
*+erythrocytes
*thrombocytes
#187
*!NEUTROPHILIC GRANULES CONTAIN
*heparin
*histamine
*peroxidase
*+lysozyme
*histaminase
#188
*!GRANULES OF BASOPHILS CONTAIN
*+heparin
*lysozyme
*lactoferrin
*phagocytes
*histaminase
*basic protein
#189
*!GRANULES OF EOSINIPHILS CONTAIN
*heparin
*lysozyme
*histamine
*phagocytin
*+basic protein
#190
*!STEM CELLS OF BLOOD GIVE RISE TO
*lipocytes
*myocytes
*fibrocytes
*+leukocytes
*mucous cells
*Connective tissue*1*14*1*
#191
*!Transport and trophic functions of the connective tissue is performed because of
*Collagen fibres
*Adipocytes
*Elastic fibres
*Plasmocytes
*+Amorphous component of the intercellular substance
#192
*!What cells participate in the regulation of permeability of the intercellular substance of the connective
tissue
*+Mastocytes
*Plasmocytes
*Macrophages
*Lipocytes
*Pericytes
#193
*!Connective tissue that consists of a large number of different cells, ground substance and loosely
arranged fibres
*Dense irregular fibrous

*Dense regular fibrous
*+Loose irregular fibrous
*Reticular
*Pericytes
#194
*!Connective tissue that is characterized by the presence of a large number of dense fibres arranged
parallel to one another, of few cells, and of little ground substance

*+Dense regular fibrous
*Loose irregular fibrous
*Reticular
*Adipose
#195
*!What fibres predominate in the tendons
*Mature elastic fibres

*Reticular fibres
*+Collagen fibres
*Oxytalan elastic fribres
*Elaunin fibres
#196
*!What fibres cause strength of tendon

*Reticular fibres
*+Collagen fibres
*Elaunin fibres
#197
*!Connective tissue cell, the cytoplasmic granules of which contain heparin and histamine
*Histiocyte
*Mature fibroblast
*Plasmocyte
*+Mastocyte
*Adipocyte
#198
*!The main function of fibroblast
*+Elaboration of intercellular substance

*Storage of reserve fat
*Elaboration of melanin
*Elaboration of immunoglobulins
*Elaboration of hormones
#199
*!Connective tissue cells of different shape; each of the cells contains small dark nucleus and numerous
lysosomes and phagosomes
*Fibroblasts
*Plasma cells
*Basophils
*Pigment cells
*+Histiocytes
#200
*!Cell of connective tissue that contains a large amount of acid phosphatase
*Fibroblast
*Plasma cell
*Fat cell
*+Macrophage
*Tissular basophil
#201
*!Connective tissue that is characterized by network structure, and consists of reticular cells and reticular
fibres

*+Reticular
*Adipose
#202
*!Connective tissue of newborn infants that consists of adipocytes containing a large number of small
cytoplasmic adipose inclusions

*Reticular
*+Brown adipose
#203
*!Mucous tissue is made up of
*Adipocytes and collagen fibres

*+Mucous cells, and gelatinous substance containing hyaluronic acid
*Elastic fibres
*Cluster of pigment cells
*Reticulum cells and network of reticular fibres
#204
*!Connective tissue fibres that are detected with silver impregnation
*Collagen
*+Reticular
*Elastic
*Oxytalan
*Elaunin
*Connective tissue*2*14*2
#205
*!Tendons are characterized by strength.
What of the following types of fibres predominate in tendons and cause such strength?

*Reticular fibres
*+Collagen fibres
*Elaunin elastic fibres
#206
*!In histologic specimen of loose connective tissue one can see a flattened ramifying cell of the
connective tissue; it contains a large oval light nucleus, intensely basophilic endoplasm and poorly
basophilic ectoplasm.
What cell is that?
*Histiocyte
*+Mature fibroblast
*Plasma cell
*Basophil
*Adipocyte
#207
*!There is a histologic specimen of loose fibrous connective tissue that is stained with special dye
detecting lysosomal enzyme – acid phosphatase.
What cells contain much of that enzyme?
*Fibroblasts
*Plasmocytes
*Adipocytes
*+Macrophages
*Basophils
#208
*!In histologic specimen of connective tissue one can see an oval cell that contains small compact nucleus
and large basophilic granules.
What cell is that?
*Fibroblast
*Plasmocyte
*+Tissular basophil
*Pigment cell
*Histiocyte
#209
*! Some cells of irregular connective tissue participate in the energy production and water metabolism.
*Fibroblasts
*Plasmocytes
*Macrophages
*Mast cells
*+Adipocytes
#210
*!In histologic specimen one can see a rounded connective tissue cell that contains a small eccentric
nucleus surrounded by well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum.
What cell is that?
*Fibroblast
*+Plasmocyte {function produce antibodies}
*Adipocyte
*Basophil
*Pigment cell
#211
*!Strong but not elastic connective tissue fibres that are stainable with acid dye and represent straight or
wavy bands.
What fibres are those?
*+Collagen
*Reticular
*Elastic
*Oxytalan
*Elaunin
#212
*!Structure of loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter A
*+Mast cell
*Collagen fibre
*Macrophages
*Elastic fibre
*Ground substance
#213
*!Structure of the loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter Б
*Mast cell
*+Collagen fibre
*Macrophage
*Elastic fibre
*Ground substance
#214
*!Structure of the loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter B
*Mast call
*Collagen fibre
*+Macrophages
*Elastic fibre
*Ground substance
#215
*!Structure of the loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter Г
*Mast cell
*Collagen fibre
*Macrophage
*+Elastic fibre
*Ground substance
#216
*!Structure of the loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter Д
*Mast cell
*Collagen fibre
*Macrophage
*Elastic fibre
*+Ground substance
#217
*!Structure of the loose irregular connective tissue that is designated with the letter E
*Mast cell
*Collagen fibre
*Macrophage
*Elastic fibre
*+Fibroblast
#218
*!Structure of the loose irregular fibrous connective tissue that is designated with the letter Ж
*Mast cell
*Collagen fibre
*+Adipose cell
*Elastic fibre
*Ground substance
*Connective tissue*4*20*1*
#219
*!GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTS OF
*osteoblasts
*chondroblasts
*hydrooxyapatite crystals
*isogenous groups of cells
*+intercellular substance
#220
*!CELLS OF THE GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
*osteoclasts
*osteoblasts
*+histiocytes
*chondrocytes
*chondroblasts
#221
*!GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE INCLUDE
*osteoclasts
*chondrocytes
*chondroblasts
*+collagen fibres
*myelinated fibres
*unmyelinated fibres
#222
*!CONNECTIVE TISSUES IN WHICH COLLAGEN FIBRES ARE ARRANGED IN FORM
OF BUNDLES
*adipose tissue
*mucous tissue
*reticular tissue
*+dense irregular fibrous tissue
*loose irregular fibrous tissue
#223
*!THE FIRST LEVEL OF THE ARRANGEMENT OF FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUES
*fibres
*fibrils
*microfibrils
*amino acids
*alpha chains
*+molecules of collagen
#224
*!DIFFERENTIATED MATURE FIBROBLASTS SYNTHESIZE
*melanin
*glycogen
*+collagen
*lipofuscin
*neutral fat
#225
*!CELLS OF THE GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONTAIN WELL
DEVELOPED ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
*melanin
*lipocytes
*fibrocytes
*lipofuscin
*+plasmacytes
*acetylcholine
#226
*!GRANULES OF TISSULAR BASOPHILS CONTAIN
*melanin
*+heparin
*neutral fat
*lipofuscin
*acetilcholin
#227
*!CONNECTIVE TISSUES POSSESSING SPECIAL PROPERTIES INCLUDE
*woven bone
*fibrocartilage
*elastic cartilage
*loose irregular tissue
*+white (yellow) adipose tissue
*dense regular connective tissue
#228
*!ADIPOCYTES TAKE PART IN
*collagen synthesis
*+water metabolism
*glycogen synthesis
*storage of lipofuscin
*synthesis of acetylcholine
*formation of ground substance
#229
*!RETICULAR TISSUE MAKES UP THE STROMA OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANS
*thymus
*pancreas
*thyroid gland
*parotid gland
*+red bone marrow
#230
*!CELLS OF THE ISOGENOUS GROUPS OF THE CARTILAGE ARE
*fibroblasts
*chondroclasts
*chondroblasts
*mesenchyme cells
*+chondrocytes of the first type
#231
*!HYALINE CARTILAGE CONSISTS OF
*fibroblasts
*elastic fibres
*chondroblasts
*reticular fibres
*+singly located chondrocytes
#232
*!AGE-RELATED CHANGES THAT OCCUR IN THE HYALINE CARTILAGE
*change of the colour

*appearance of reticular fibres
*appearance of the elastic fibres
*+calcification of the intercellular substance
*increase of the number of the cartilaginous cells
#233
*!ELASTIC CARTILAGE CONSISTS OF
*fibroblasts
*reticular cells
*+elastic fibres
*reticular fibres
*chondroblasts
#234
*!ELASTIC CARTILAGE IS CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT
*it becomes calcified with age

*it contains more lipids than hyaline cartilage
*it contains more glycogen than hyaline cartilage
*+its intercellular substance contains elastic fibres
*its cartilaginous cells increase in number with age
*it contains more chondroitin sulfate than hyaline cartilage
#235
*!STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE DIAPHYSIS OF THE TUBULAR BONE
*chondrocytes
*elaunin fibres
*oxytalan fibres
*+Haversial canal
#236
*!INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCE OF THE FIBROCARTILAGE IS CHARACTERIZED
BY
*a large amount of ground substance

*presence of isogenous groups of cells
*presence of large number of elastic fibres
*presence of thin collagen fibres arranged irregularly
*+presence of thick collagen fibres passing parallel to one another
#237
*!OSTEON CONSISTS OF
*+Haversian canal
*interstitial lamellae
*Volkmann’s canals
*layer of the inner circumferential lamellae
*layer of the outer circumferential lamellae
#238
*!BONE TISSUE OF THE ELDERLY AND OLD PEOPLE IS CHARACTERIZED BY
*+osteoporosis
*fast healing of the fracture
*increase of amount of organic substances
*decrease of diameter of Haversian canals
*predominance of the process of osteogenesis over the process of resorption
*Skeletal tissue*1*16*2*
#239
*!Inner layer of the perichondrium is made up of
*Young chondrocytes
*Chondrocytes of the first type
*Chondrocytes of the second type
*Chondrocytes of the third type
*+Prechondroblasts, chondroblasts
#240
*!Shape of the chondroblasts is
*Hemisphere-shaped
*Stellate
*Prismatic
*+Fusiform
*Cubical
#241
*!What perichondral cells produce intercellular substance of the cartilaginous tissue

*+Chondroblasts
*Fibroblasts
#242
*!Growth of the cartilaginous tissue by addition of new cartilage over the surface of existing cartilage
(appositional growth) takes place because of

*+Chondroblasts
*Fibroblasts
#243
*!Shape of mature chondrocytes is
*Cubical
*+Oval, hemispherical, angular
*Prismatic
*Fusiform
*Stellate
#244
*!Cells of the cartilaginous isogenous groups that are characterized by high nucleocytoplasmic ratio.
Among such cells there are many those at different stages of mitosis
*Prechondroblasts
*Chondroblasts
*+Chondrocytes of the first type
#245
*!Elastic cartilage differs from hyaline cartilage by the presence of
*Ground substance
*+Eastic fibres
*Collagen fibres
*Chondrocytes
*Perichondrium
#246
*!Different-shaped cells that are situated on the surface of developing bony trabeculae. Those cells are
characterized by ultrastructure of the protein-synthesizing cells
*Fibroblasts
*Odontoblasts
*+Osteoblasts
*Osteocytes
*Osteoclasts
#247
*!What cells are responsible for the process of formation and calcification of the bony intercellular
substance
*+Osteoblasts
*Osteocytes
*Osteoclasts
*Fibroblasts
*Endotheliocytes
#248
*!Osteoblasts take part in
*+Formation of the bony tissue

*Thermoregulation
*Destruction of the calcified cartilage and bone
*Production of the antibodies
*Homeostasis of the organic and mineral composition of the bony tissue
#249
*!Osteoclasts arise from
*Neutrophils
*+Monocytes
*Basophils
*Lymphocytes
*Erythrocytes
#250
*!Intercellular substance of the woven bone is characterized by
*+Irregular arrangement of the bundles of collagen fibres

*Parallel arrangement of collagen fibres
*Reticular arrangement of the collagen fibres
*Interchange of regularly arranged collagen fibres and circularly arranged collagen fibres
*Circular arrangement of collagen fibres
#251
*!Intercellular substance of the lamellar bone is characterized by
*Irregular arrangement of the bundles of collagen fibres

*+Parallel arrangement of collagen fibres
*Reticular arrangement of collagen fibres
*Interchange of regularly arranged collagen fibres and circularly arranged collagen fibres
*Circular arrangement of collagen fibres
#252
*!Development of bone in place of cartilage begins from
*Endochondral ossification
*+Perichondral ossification
*Destruction of cartilaginous model
*Ossification of the epiphysis
*Calcification of the cartilaginous model
#253
*!The first stage of the direct osteogenesis is characterized by the formation of
*Bone trabeculae
*+Skeletogenous islets
*Osteoid
*Osseous cuff
*Calcified osteoid
#254
*!Growth of tubular bone widthwise takes place because of
*+Periosteum
*Endosteum
*Metaepiphyseal cartilaginous plate
*Epiphysis
*Diaphysis
*Skeletal tissues*2*16*1*
#255
*!There is an electron photomicrograph of a cell of developing bony tissue. Around the cell one can see
collagen fibres. The cytoplasm of the cell contains well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum.
What do we call that cell?
*Mature osteocyte
*+Osteoblast
*Osteoclast
*Endotheliocyte
*Mesenchymal cell
#256
*!Different-shaped cells that are situated on the surface of developing bony trabeculae. Those cells are
surrounded by collagen fibres. Cytoplasm of each cell contains well developed rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
*Fibroblasts
*Odontoblasts
*+Osteoblasts
*Osteocytes
*Osteoclasts
#257
*!Large polynucleated cells different in shape that contain ruffled membrane and numerous lysosomes;
those cells are responsible for absorption and destruction of bone and calcified cartilage.
*Enameloblasts
*Odontoblasts
*Osteoblasts
*Osteocytes
*+Osteoclasts
#258
*!Structure of hyaline cartilage that is designated with the letter A
*+Perichondrium
*Zone of young cartilage
*Zone of mature cartilage
*Young chondrocytes
*Isogenous cell groups (cell-nests)
#259
*!Structural element of hyaline cartilage that is designated with the letter Б
*Perichondrium
*+Zone of young cartilage
*Young chondrocytes
#260
*!Structural element of hyaline cartilage that is designated with the letter B
*Perichondrium
*+Zone of mature cartilage
*Young chondrocytes
#261
*!Structural element of hyaline cartilage that is designated with the letter Г
*Perichondrium
*+Young chondrocytes
#262
*!Structural element of hyaline cartilage that is designated with the letter Д
*Perichondrium
*Young chondrocytes
*+Isogenous cell groups
#263
*!Structural element of lamellar bone that is designated with the letter A
*Layer of the inner circumferential lamellae
*Haversian canal
*Interstitial lamellae
*Osteon
*+Layer of the outer circumferential lamellae
#264
*!Structural element of lamellar bone that is designated with the letter Б

*Haversian canal
*+Osteon
*Layer of the outer circumferential lamellae
#265
*!Structural element of lamellar bone that is designated with the letter B
*Haversian canal
*+Interstitial lamellae
*Osteon
#266
*!Structural element of lamellar bone that is designated with the letter Г

*+Haversian canal
*Osteon
#267
*!Structural element of lamellar bone that is designated with the letter Д
*+Layer of the inner circumferential lamellae
*Haversian canal
*Osteon
#268
*!Bone cell that is designated with the letter A
*Dormant osteoblast
*Mature osteoblast
*Osteocyte of the first type
*+“Resorbing” osteocyte
*Osteoclast
#269
*!Bone cell that is designated with the letter Б
*Dormant osteoblast
*+Mature osteoblast
*“Resorbing” osteocyte
*Osteoclast
#270
*!Bone cell that is designated with the letter B
*Dormant osteoblast
*Mature osteoblast
*“Resorbing” osteocyte
*+Osteoclast
Muscular tissue*1*31*1
#271
*!Shape of smooth muscle cell of mesenchymal origin is
*Cuboidal
*Prismatic
*Pyramidal
*+Fusiform
*Pyriform
#272
*!Structural elements of the smooth muscle cell that contain ions of calcium
*Mitochondria
*Actin filaments
*Myosin filaments
*Golgi complex
*+Vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
#273
*!Shape and location of satellite cells of the skeletal muscle
*Cubical, within surrounding connective tissue

*Prismatic, on the basal membrane surrounding the muscle fibre
*+Flattened, between plasmalemma of the muscle fibre and basal membrane
*Round, under the plasmalemma
*Pyramidal, within muscle fibre
#274
*!Regeneration of the striated muscular fibre occurs because of
*Sarcolemma
*+Myosatellite cells
*Sarcoplasm
*Sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Myofibrils
#275
*!Thin myofilaments of the sarcomere of striated muscle fibre make up
*Telophragma
*Mesophragma
*+Isotropic disk
*Anisotropic disk
*T-tubules
#276
*!The cell that is located between plasmolemma and basal membrane of the muscular fibre. The cell is
poor in organelles.
*Fibroblast
*+Myosatellite cell
*Adipose cell
*Plasma cell
*Histiocyte
#277
*!Thick myofilaments of the sarcomere of striated muscle fibre make up
*Telophragma
*Masophragma
*Isotropic disk
*+Anisotropic disk
*T-tubules
#278
*!Common border-line structure between adjacent sarcomeres is
*Mesophragma (M line)
*+Telophragma (Z line)
*H-zone
*T-tubules
*Overlap zone
#279
*!In striated muscle fibre, the I-band of the sarcomere of myofibril is made up of
*Myosin filaments
*+Actin filaments
*Microtubules
*Collagen of the first type
*Collagen of the second type
#280
*!Z-line (telophragma) of the myofibrils of striated muscle fibre is situated
*+In the middle of I-band

*In the middle of overlap zone
*In the middle of A-band
*Between overlap zone and M-band
*On each side of M-band
#281
*!In case of contraction of the striated muscle fibre, the heads of myosin molecules come into contact
with molecules of the following proteins
*Tropomyosin and troponin

*Nebulin and myomesin
*+Actin
*Nebulin and titin
*Titin and myomesin
#282
*!Area of the sarcomere of striated muscle, in which one thick filament is surrounded by six thin ones
*Telophragma
*Mesophragma
*+Overlap zone
*Isotropic disk
*H-zone
#283
*!In striated muscle fibre, the I-band of the sarcomere of myofibril is made up of
*Myosin filaments
*+Actin filaments
*Microtubules
#284
*!H-zone (light zone) of A-band of the myofibril of striated muscle fibre is made up of
*+Myosin filaments
*Actin filaments
*Microtubules
#285
*!White skeletal muscle is characterized by
*+Presence of a large number of myofibrils

*Presence of a quantity of myoglobin
*Presence of a small number of myofibrils
*Absence of myofibrils
*High content of the oxidizing enzymes
#286
*!Red skeletal muscle is characterized by
*Presence of a large number of myofibrils

*+Presence of a quantity of myoglobin
*Low content of myoglobin
*Absence of myofibrils
*Low content of oxidizing enzymes
#287
*!M-line (mesophragma) of the myofibrils of striated muscle fibre is situated
*In the middle of I-band

*In the middle of overlap zone
*+In the middle of A-band
*Between overlap zone and Z-band
*On each side of Z-band
#288
*!M-line of the sarcomere of striated muscle fibre is made up of
*Actin
*Actinin
*Tropomyosin
*+Myomesin
*Myosin
#289
*!T-tubules represent
*Microtubules
*Elongated mitochondria
*+Invaginations of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm
*Canaliculi of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Invaginations of the basal membrane into sarcoplasm
#290
*!Triad of the striated muscle fibre represents a complex that consists of
*+One T-tubule and two cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

*Two T-tubules and one cistern of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Three T-tubules
*Three cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
*One T-tubule and two mitochondria
#291
*!Canaliculi of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the striated muscle fibres contain
*+Ions of calcium
*Ions of phosphorus
*Molecules of adenosine triphosphoric acid
*Molecules of acid phosphatase
*Molecules of alkaline phosphatase
*Muscular tissue*2*21*2*
#292
*!On the electron photomicrograph of a smooth muscle cell one can see actin filaments that are
connected with one another and with plasmalemma.
By means of what structures are they connected?
*+Solid corpuscles
*Mitochondria
*Lysosomes
*Cisternae of the granular endoplasmic reticulum
*Canaliculi of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#293
*! In the histologic specimen of muscular tissue one can determine muscle fibres containing a large
number of nuclei situated under the sarcolemma.
What type of muscular tissue is it?
*+Skeletal striated
*Smooth muscle of inner organs and vessels
*Cardiac
*Myoepithelial
*Neuromuscular tissue of the eye
#294
*!On the electron photomicrograph of the peripheral zone of muscle fibre there is a small flattened cell
containing very few organelles. That cell is situated between plasmolemma and basal membrane of
muscle fibre.
What do we call that cell?
*Fibroblast
*+Satellite cells
*Fat cell
*Plasmocyte
*Histiocyte
#295
*!On electron photomicrograph one can see the area of the sarcomere of striated muscle, in which one
thick filament is surrounded by six thin ones.
What part of sarcomere is that?
*Telophragma
*Mesophragma
*+Overlap zone
*Isotropic disk
*H-zone
#296
*On electron photomicrograph of sarcomere one can see H-zone located in the A-band.
What is H-zone (light zone) of the myofibril of striated muscle fibre made up of?
*+Myosin filaments
*Actin filaments
*Microtubules
#297
*!On the electron photomicrograph of striated muscle fibre one can see T-tubules.
What structural elements do the T-tubules contain?
*Microtubules
*Elongated mitochondria
*+Invaginations of the sarcolemma into the sarcoplasm
*Canaliculi of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Invaginations of the basal membrane into sarcoplasm
#298
*!On the electron photomicrograph of striated muscle fibre one can see triads. The triad of the striated
muscle fibre represents a complex.
What does that complex consists of?
*+One T-tubule and two cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

*Two T-tubules and one cistern of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
*Three T-tubules
*Three cisterns of sarcoplasmic reticulum
*One T-tubule and two mitochondria
#299
*!There is a histologic specimen of the muscular tissue that is stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In the
histologic specimen one can see oxyphil muscle fibres that are arranged parallel to one another. The fibres
contain numerous nuclei situated under the sarcolemma.
What type of muscular tissue is it?
*Mesenchymal
*Epidermal
*Neural
*Coelomic
*+Somatic
#300
*!There are histologic specimens of muscular tissue that are stained with hematoxylin-eosin. In the
histologic specimens one can see muscle cells containing oxyphilic cytoplasm. The nucleus of each cell is
located centrally. The junctions between adjoining cells are seen as dark staining transverse lines
(intercalated discs).
What type of muscular tissue is that?
*Mesenchymal
*Epidermal
*Neural
*+Coelomic
*Somatic
#301
*!Staining of sections of muscular tissue with iron hematoxylin demonstrated cross striation.
What other morphological features is cardiac muscle characterized by?
*Layers of the connective tissue

*Nuclei that are situated under the plasmolemma of the functional muscle fibre
*+Intercalated disks
*Dense corpuscles
*Blood vessels
#302
*!Structual element of smooth muscle that is designated with the letter A
*Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue

*Longitudinal section of the smooth muscle cell
*+Transverse section of the smooth muscle cell
*Vessel
*Fibroblast
#303
*!Structural element of smooth muscle that is designated with the letter Б:
*+Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue

*Longitudinal section of the smooth muscle cell
*Transverse section of the smooth muscle cell
*Vessel
*Fibroblast
#304
*!Structural element of smooth muscle that is designated with the letter B:

*+Longitudinal section of the smooth muscle cell
*Transverse section of the smooth muscle cell
*Vessel
*Dense irregular fibrous connective tissue
#305
*!Structural element of the striated muscle that is designated with the letter A
*Longitudinal sections of the striated muscle fibres

*Transverse sections of the striated muscle fibres
*+Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue
*Nuclei of the muscle fibres
#306
*!Structural element of the striated muscle that is designated with the letter Б
*+Longitudinal sections of the striated muscle fibres

#307
*!Structural element of the striated muscle that is designated with the letter B

*+Nuclei of the muscle fibres
#308
*!Structural element of the striated muscle that is designated with the letter Г

*+Transverse sections of the striated muscle fibres
*Fibroblasts
#309
*!Structural element of the sarcomere that is designated with the letter A
*H-zone
*+Z-band
*M-band
*Actin filaments
*Myosin filaments
#310
*!Structural element of the sarcomere that is designated with the letter Б
*H-zone
*Z-band
*M-band
*+Actin filaments
*Myosin filaments
#311
*!Structural element of the sarcomere that is designated with the letter B
*H-zone
*Z-band
*+M-band
*Actin filamements
*Myosin filaments
#312
*!Structural element of the sarcomere that is designated with the letter Г
*H-zone
*Z-band
*M-band
*Actin filaments
*+Myosin filaments
*Muscular tissue*4*11*1*
#313
*!MATURE CELLS OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
*are devoid of inclusions

*contain few mitochondria
*+are covered by basal membrane
*do not contain organelles of cytoskeleton
*have poorly developed agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#314
*!ISOTROPIC DISK OF MUSCLE FIBRE MYOFIBRIL CONTAINS
*H-zone
*T-tubules
*+telophragma
*mesophragma
*zone of the overlap of myofilaments
#315
*!SARCOLEMMA OF MUSCLE FIBRE CONTAINS
*mitochondria
*actin filaments
*numerous nuclei
*myosin filaments
*+myosatellite cells
#316
*!RESTORATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBRE OCCURS DUE TO
*activity of T-tubules
*division of myosymplast
*fusion of myosatellite cells
*+hypertrophy of myosymplast
*hypertrophy of myosatellite cells
#317
*!CELLS THAT MAKE UP CONDUCTING SYSTEM OF HEART
*macrophages
*smooth muscle cells
*secretory cardiac myocytes
*contractive cardiac myocytes
*+cardiac myocytes of His’ bundles
*+cardiac myocytes of sinoatrial node
*+cardiac myocytes of atrioventricular node
#318
*!TRIAD AND DIAD OF CARDIAC MUSCLE MAKE UP
*lysosomes
*polysomes
*mitochondria
*dictiosomes of Golgi complex
*cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum
*+cisternae of agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#319
*!CONTRACTIVE CARDIAC MYOCYTES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
*rounded shape
*flattened shape
*isolation from one another
*+formation of functional fibres
*formation of conducting system of heart
#320
*!CARDIAC MYOCYTES CONTAIN INCLUSIONS OF
*bilirubin
*melanin
*+myoglobin
*hemoglobin
*hemosiderin
#321
*!SMOOTH MUSCLE ARISES FROM
*endoderm
*nerve tube
*+epidermal germ
*mesodermal somites
*mesodermal splanchnotom
#322
*!ELECTRON-DENSE CORPUSCLES OF SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS CONNECT
*myosin filaments
*+actin filaments with plasmalemma
*myosin filaments with plasmalemma
*actin filaments with myosin filaments
*cisternae of agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#323
*!CARDIAC MYOCYTES ARE CONNECTED WITH ONE ANOTHER BY MEANS OF
*synapse
*+desmosomes
*tight junctions
*adhesive spots
*semidesmosomes
*Nerve tissue*1*24*2*
#324
*!Nerve tissue consists of
*+Nerve cells and neuroglia

*Fibroblasts and reticular fibres
*Reticulocytes and adipocytes
*Histiocytes and collagen fibres
*Epitheliocytes and oxytalan fibres
#325
*!The number of axons in a neuron
*Five
*Four
*Three
*Two
*+One
#326
*!Which organelles are found only in the nerve cell
*+Basophilic substance and neurofibrils

*Mitochondria and tonofibrils
*Golgi complex and myofibrils
*Lysosomes and residual corpuscles
*Centrioles and mitochondria
#327
*!Chromophilic substance represents
*Cluster of mitochondria
*Cluster of lysosomes
*Stack of cisternae of the Golgi complex
*Stack of cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*+Stack of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and polysomes
#328
*!Neurofibrils of the cytoplasm of nerve cells represent
*Projections from the cell surface

*Channels of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*Fibrous protein (collagen) of nervous type
*Bundles of neurofilaments and neurotubules that are able to be impregnated with silver
*+Elements of the Golgi complex
#329
*!Structure of the nerve cell that takes part in the conduction of nerve impulse

*Microtubules
*Cisternae of the Golgi complex
*+Plasmalemma
#330
*!Structure of the nerve cell that takes part in the mediator synthesis
*Cell centre
*Lysosomes
*+Granular endoplasmic reticulum
*Mitochondrion
#331
*!Speed of the impulse movement along a nonmyelinated nerve fibres is
*100-200 meters per second

*+1-2 meters per second
*200 -250 meters per second
#332
*!Speed of the impulse movement along a myelinated nerve fibres is

*+5-120 meters per second
#333
*!Myelinated nerve fibre is made up of
*One axon that invaginates into the cytoplasm of the Schwann cell
*10-20 axons that invaginate into the cytoplasm of Schwann cell
*Two axons and myelin sheath
*+One axon, myelin sheath, neurolemma
*Five axons and neurolemma
#334
*!Myelinated nerve fibre contains
*One axis cylinder

*Two axis cylinders
*+Ten to twenty axis cylinders
*Five axis cylinders
*More than one hundred axis cylinders
#335
*!Myelin sheath of the nerve fibre is made up of spiral mesaxon of
*Fibrous astrocytes
*Protoplasmic astrocytes
*+Oligodendrocytes
*Microglia
*Ependymocytes
#336
*!Axis cylider of the nerve is
*+Axon and dendrite of neurocytes

*Processes of the fibrous astrocytes
*Processes of the protoplasmic astrocytes
*Chains of oligodendrocytes
*Processes of microglia
#337
*!Neuroglia cells that belong to the system of the mononuclear phagocytes
*Fibrous astrocytes
*Ependymocytes
*Oligodendrocytes
*+Microglia
#338
*!Neuroglia cells that line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain
*Oligodendrocytes
*Fibrous astrocytes
*+Ependymocytes
*Microglia
#339
*!Schwann’s sheath of the nerve fibre consists of cytoplasm and nuclei of
*Microgliocytes
*Fibrous astrocytes
*+Lemmocytes
*Ependymocytes
#340
*!Chemogenic synapses transmit nerve impulse from the presynaptic neuron to the postsynaptic neuron
by means of
*Ions of calcium
*Ions of sodium
*+Neuromediators (neurotransmitters)
*Ions of potassium
*Ions of phosphorus
#341
*!Shape of the cells of ependymal glia that line central canal of the spinal cord
*Spherical
*Pyramidal
*+Cylindrical
*Stellate
*Flattened
#342
*!Structure of the chemogenic synapse that contains receptors that respond to neuromediators
*Presynaptic membrane
*Synaptic cleft
*+Postsynaptic membrane
*Neurofilaments
*Presynaptic vesicles
#343
*!Substances that take part in the nerve impulse transmission
*Ions of calcium
*Ions of sodium
*+Acetylcholine, noradrenaline
*Ions of potassium
*Ions of phosphorus
#344
*!Neuroglia cells that take part in the formation of myelin sheath of nerve fibres
*Fibrous astrocytes
*Microglia
*+Lemmocytes (Schwann cells)
*Ependymocytes
#345
*!What type of receptors does Vater-Pacini corpuscle belong to
*Thermoreceptors
*Mechanoreceptors
+Baroreceptors
*Photoreceptors
*Chemoreceptors
#346
*!Inner flask of Vater-Pacini corpuscle is made up of
*+Modified lemmocytes
*Plexus of collagen fibres
*Plexus of elastic fibres
*Plexus of fibroblasts
*Cluster of adventitional cells
#347
*!Nerve cells that form reflex arc
*+Afferent, intercalary and efferent

*Afferent and intercalary
*Intercalary and efferent
*Afferent
*Efferent
#348
*!Nerve cells contain cytoplasmic granules of chromatophilic substance which is stainable with special
dyes.
What does chromophilic substance of neurons represent?
*Cluster of mitochondria
*Cluster of lysosomes
*Stack of cisternae of the Golgi complex
*Stack of cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*+Stack of cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and polysomes
#349
*!Cytoplasm of neurons contains neurofibrils that are stainable with special dyes.
What do neurofibrils of the cytoplasm of nerve cells represent?
*Projections from the cell surface

*Channels of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
*Fibrous protein (collagen) of nervous type
*+Bundles of neurofilaments and neurotubules that are able to be impregnated with silver
*Elements of the Golgi complex
#350
*!Cells of ependimal glia line central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain.
What is the shape of the cells of ependymal glia that line central canal of the spinal cord?
*Spherical
*Pyramidal
*+Cylindrical
*Stellate
*Flattened
#351
*!Neuroglial cells that are mainly found in the gray substance of the organs of central nervous system;
perikaryons of the cells give off short thick processes that then divide into secondary processes.
What type of neuroglia is that?
*Oligodendrocytes
*Ependymocytes
*+Protoplasmic astrocytes
*Fibrous astrocytes
*Microglia
#352
*!In histologic specimen one can see stellate glial cells whose cell bodies and fibrous filament-possessing
processes are found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord.
What type of neuroglia is that?
*Oligodendrocytes
*Ependymocytes
*+Fibrous astrocytes
*Microglia
#353
*!There are some neuroglia cells that take part in the formation of myelin sheath of nerve fibres.
*Fibrous astrocytes
*Microglia
*+Lemmocytes (Schwann cells)
*Ependymocytes
#354
*!On the photomicrograph there is a multipolar neurocyte, and glia cells surrounding its perikaryon and
processes.
What do we call the type of the glia cell supporting processes of the neurocyte?
*Protoplasmic astrocyte
*Fibrous astrocyte
*Microglia
*+Lemmocyte
*Ependymocyte
#355
*!On the electron photomicrograph of peripheral ganglion one can see gliocytes that surround neurons of
the ganglion.
What gliocytes are those?
*Microglia (small glial cells)

*Fibrous astrocytes
*Ependymal cells
*+Capsular cells (satellite cells, capsular gliocytes)
#356
*!Chemogenic synapse contains presynaptic and postsynaptic poles.
Presence of what structural elements is presynaptic pole of the chemogenic synapse characterized by?
*Lysosomes
*Vesicles of Golgi complex
*Microtubules
*+Presynaptic vesicles and mitochondria
*Components of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum
#357
*!Neuromuscular synapse contains a process of nerve cell. That neural process forms effector nerve
ending.
What process and of what neuron is that?
*+Axon of motor neuron

*Dendrite of motor neuron
*Axon of sensory neuron
*Dendrites of sensory neuron
*Axon of association neuron
#358
*!On the photomicrograph of the inner flask of Vater-Pacini corpuscle one can see neuronal process.
What process and of what type of neurocyte is that?
*Axon of multipolar neuron

*Axon of pseudounipolar neuron
*+Dendrite of pseudounipolar neuron
*Dendrite of multipolar neuron
*Axon of unipolar neuron
#359
*!There are different types of sensory nerve endings. Some sensory nerve endings are responsible for
temperature sense.
Nerve ending of which type responds to changes in temperature?
*Vater- Pacini corpuscle

*Meissner’s corpuscle
*Neuromuscular spindle
*+Free nerve ending
*Ruffini’s corpuscle
#360
*!
Type of necroglia that is designated with the letter A
*Protoplasmatic astrocyte
*Fibrous astrocyte
*+Ependymocytes
*Oligodendrocytes
*Microglia
#361
*!Type of necroglia that is designated with the letter Б
*Protoplasmic astrocyte
*+Fibrous astrocyte
*Ependymocytes
*Oligodendrocyte
*Microglia
#362
*!Type of neuroglia that is designated with the letter B
*Protoplasmatic astrocyte
*Fibrous astrocyte
*Ependymocytes
*Oligodendrocyte
*+Microglia
#363
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter A
*Node of Ranvier
*+Myelin sheath
*Axon
*Schwann cell nucleus
*Schwann’s sheath
#364
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter Б
*+Node of Ranvier
*Myelin sheath
*Axon
*Schwann’s sheath
#365
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter B
*Node of Ranvier
*Myelin sheath
*+Axon
*Schwann’s sheath
#366
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter Г
*Node of Ranvier
*Myelin sheath
*Axon
*+Shwann cell nucleus
*Shwann’s sheath
#367
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter Д
*Node of Ranvier
*Myelin sheath
*Axon
*Schwann’s cell nucleus
*+Shwann’s sheath
#368
*!Structural element of myelinated nerve fibre that is designated with the letter E
*Node of Ranvier
*+Incisures of Schmidt-Lantermann
*Axon
*Schwann’s sheath
#369
*!Structural element of the pancreatic Vater-Pacini corpuscle that is designated with the letter A
*Adipose tissue
*+Inner flask
*Outer flask
*Acini
#370
*!Structural element of the pancreatic Vater-Pacini corpuscle that is designated with the letter Б
*Adipose tissue
*Inner flask
*+Outer flask
*Acini
#371
*!Structural element of the pancreatic Vater-Pacini corpuscle that is designated with the letter B
*+Adipose tissue
*Inner flask
*Outer flask
*Acini
#372
*!STRUCTURE THAT ARE TYPICAL ONLY OF NERVE CELLS
*tonofibrils
*myofibrils
*lysosomes
*peroxisomes
*mitochondria
*Golgi complex
*+basophilic substance
#373
*!NEURONS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
*mobility
*high phagocytic activity
*absence of trophic inclusions
*absence of retrograge movement of neuroplasm
*+presence of well developed granular endoplasmic reticulum
#374
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE NONMYELINATED NERVE FIBRE
*myelin sheath
*+axial cylinder
*node of Ranvier
*connective tissue capsule
*incisures of Schmidt Lanterman
#375
*!EFFECTOR NERVE ENDINGS INCLUDE
*free nerve endings

*+secretory endings
*Meissner corpuscles
*Vater-Pacini corpuscle
*neuromuscular spindles
#376
*!BASOPHILIC SUBSTANCE OF NEURONS REPRESENTS THE CLUSTER OF
*lysosomes
*+polysomes
*peroxisomes
*mitochondria
*cisterns of Golgi complex
#377
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF THE NERVE POLE OF AXOMUSCULAR SYNAPSE
*sarcoplasm
*synaptic cleft
*+synaptic vesicles
*nuclei of muscle fibre
#378
*!STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF MUSCLULAR POLE OF AXOMUSCULAR SYNAPS
*+mitochondria
*synaptic vesicles
*striated myofibrils
#379
*!CELLS OF THE PERIPHERAL NEUROGLIA DEVELOPING FROM NEURAL CREST
*astrocytes
*+satellite cells
*ependymal cells
*gliacytes of retina
*glial macrophages
*oligodedroglial cells
#380
*!PRESYNAPTIC POLE OF CHEMICAL SYNAPSE IS CHARACTERIZED BY PRESENCE
OF CLUSTER OF
*lysosomes
*ribosomes
*+synaptic vesicles
*cisterns of Golgi complex
*cisterns of agranular ndoplasmatic reticulum
\
#381
*!CYTOSKELETON OF NEURON REPRESENTS BUNDLES OF
*protofibrils
*microfibrils
*+neurotubules, neurofilaments
*actin filaments
*myosin filaments
Metabolism. Nutrition.
Thermoregulation.
Sweating1322
#336
!The mechanism of physical thermoregulation
а) heat buildup
б) +convection
в) the appearance of muscle tremors "goose bumps"
г) specific dynamic action of food
д) urinating
#337
!Path of physical thermoregulation
а) metabolic rate
б) the value of basal metabolism
в) specific dynamic action of food
г) muscle activity
д) +sweating
#338
!The process of heat loss in humans is carried out by
а) heat buildup
б) strengthening of redox processes in the muscles and liver
в) the appearance of muscle tremors "goose bumps"
г) enhance basal metabolism
д) +radiation, convection, evaporation
#339
!Constancy of body temperature is maintained
а) physical regulators
б) chemical regulators and hydrolysis of fats
в) formation of heat in the liver and strengthening the redox processes
г) +physical and chemical regulators
д) sweating and convection
#340
!The lowest temperature is observed in the body
а) +3-4 hours
б) 16-18 hours
в) 20-22 hours
г) 18-20 hours
д) 13-14 hours
#341
!The size of the primary exchange for the men of medium height, weighing 70 kg, kcal
а) 1000
б) 1500
в) +1700
г) 2800
д) 3500
#342
!Caloric ratio of oxygen corresponding to the respiratory quotient is equal to 0.85
а) 3,800
б) 4,000
в) 4,386
г) +4,863
д) 4,683
#343
!The value of the respiratory quotient during the oxidation of a mixed meal
а) +0.85-0.9
б) 1.6-1.9
в) 2.0-2.5
г) 3.0-3.5
д) 4.0-5.0
#344
!Caloric ratio of protein is in kcal
а) +4.1
б) 6.1
в) 9.3
г) 3.7
д) 7.3
#345
!Caloric ratio of carbohydrates is in kcal
а) +4.1
б) 3.7
в) 7.3
г) 9.3
д) 6.3
#346
!By the radiation, convection, evaporation is carried out
а) heat buildup
б) enhance the redox processes in the muscle and liver
в) the appearance of muscle tremors, "goose bumps"
г) enhance basal metabolism
д) +the process of heat transfer in humans
#347
!Chemical thermoregulation is carried out
а) skin reaction vessels

б) +heat buildup
в) convection and radiation
г) pulmonary ventilation
д) sweating
#348
!Heat buildup is carried out
б) +chemical regulators
в) convection and radiation
г) pulmonary ventilation
д) sweating
#349
!Localization peripheral thermoreceptors
а) brain tissue
б) Internal organs
в) muscle
г) +on the skin
д) spinal cord
#350
!Centralthermoreceptors mainly located in
а) medulla oblongata
б) cortex
в) +hypothalamus
г) thalamus
д) spinal cord
#351
!Center for heat and heat production is in
а) cortex
б) spinal cord
в) midbrain
г) +hypothalamus
д) forebrain
#352
!Isotherm typical for
а) +man
б) amphibians
в) reptiles
г) poikilotherms
д) heterothermal animals
#353
!Heat generated most intensively occurs
а) liver
б) easily
в) kidney
г) skin
д) +muscles
#354
!The most "hot" body
а) +liver
б) lightweight
в) kidneys
г) leather
д) muscle
#355
!Сold receptors
а) ruffini corpuscles
б) +cones Krause
в) merkel drives
г) meissner corpuscles
д) Pater - Pacini corpuscles
#356
!Heatthermoreceptors
а) +ruffini corpuscles
б) cones Krausz
в) Merkel drives
г) Meissner corpuscles
д) Pater - Pacini corpuscles
#357
!The daily physiological norm of protein for an adult , not engaged in heavy physical labor in
grams
а) 20-40
б) 60-70
в) +80-100
г) 120-140
д) 150-160
#358
!The daily physiological norm of carbohydrates for an adult in grams
а) 50-100
б) 150-200
в) 250-300
г) 350-400
д) +400-450
#359
!The daily physiological norm of fat for an adult in grams
а) 20-40
б) 60-70
в) +80-100
г) 120-140
д) 150-160
#360
!Convection is
а) contact
б) +heat transfer circulating air
в) infrared heat radiation
г) heat radiation
д) sweating
#361
!Center is in physical thermoregulation
б) pituitary
в) +anterior hypothalamic nuclei
г) midbrain
д) posterior hypothalamic nuclei
#362
!Center is located in the chemical thermoregulation
б) pituitary
в) anterior hypothalamic nuclei
г) midbrain
д) +posterior hypothalamic nuclei
#363
а) cortex
б) spinal cord
в) midbrain
г) +hypothalamus
д) cerebellum
#364
!Heat transfer air circulating called
а) +convection
б) contact
в) infrared heat radiation
г) evaporation
д) sweating
#365
!The system regulates metabolism
а) somatic
б) +autonomic
в) hematopoiesis
г) immune
д) reticuloendothelial
#366
!Center, regulates water exchange is located in the
б) cerebellum
в) thalami
г) pons
д) +hypothalamus
#367
!The source of energy in the body
а) vitamins
б) water
в) micronutrients
г) +organic matter
д) enzymes
Metabolism. Nutrition. Thermoregulation. Sweating2322
#368
!Level of metabolic energy cost of human characteristic of a state of rest in comfort - 18-20oC,
fasting 12-14 hours after ingestion - called exchange
а) total
б) +core
в) gross
г) heat
д) worker
#369
!The method of indirect calorimetry
а) spirography
б) pneumography
в) +oxispirography
г) spirometry
д) pneumotachometry
#370
!Increase the ambient temperature is
а) strengthening of exchange processes

б) reduction of heat
в) vasoconstriction
г) +vasodilatation
д) no changes
#371
!Decrease the ambient temperature is
а) reduction of metabolic processes

б) increase in heat
в) +vasoconstriction
г) vasodilatation
д) no changes
#372
!During stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the hypothalamus
а) +body temperature drops
б) body temperature rises
в) body temperature remains constant
г) exothermic reaction
д) oxidation of proteins
#373
!The parasympathetic nervous system contributes
а) enhances protein dissimilation
б) the formation of micelles
в) +fat deposition
г) exacerbating the collapse of fat
д) enhances the disintegration of glycogen glycolysis

#374
!Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
а) enhances carbohydrate consumption

в) protein deposition
г) fat deposition
д) +increases fat breakdown
#375
!Respiratory quotient is the ratio
а) +amount of carbon dioxide emissions to the volume of oxygen absorbed

б) absorbed oxygen
в) dedicated excreted dioxide
г) released during the absorption of 1 liter of oxygen
д) oxygen absorbed per unit time
#376
!Main source of energy during strenuous activity of the body is
а) +oxidation of carbohydrates
б) breakdown of fats
в) breakdown of proteins
г) protein synthesis
д) synthesis enzymes
#377
!Caloric ratio - the amount of heat released during the combustion of substances
а) 100 g
б) 25 g
в) 75 g
г) +1 g
д) 50 g
#378
!The sympathetic nervous system, affecting metabolism
а) +increases oxidative processes

б) lowers metabolism
в) increases the production of hormones
г) significantly reduces the oxidative processes
д) reduces the production of enzymes
#379
!By influencing the metabolism, enhances the oxidative processes
а) +sympathetic nervous system
б) parasympathetic nervous system
в) intercalary neurons of the hypothalamus
г) viscera-visceral reflexes
д) the second neuron of the vagus nerve
#380
!In the desert heat to maintain homeostasis is carried out mainly by
а) thermal radiation
б) convection
в) enhance the metabolic processes of the liver
г) +evaporation of sweat from the body surface
д) narrowing of dermal vessels
#381
!Specifically, the dynamic action of food is expressed in increase
а) +metabolism after food intake compared to the level of basal metabolism

б) fat metabolism
в) redox processes
г) carbohydrate metabolism
д) activity of enzyme systems
#382
!By a process of assimilation to be understood
а) absorption of nutrients through the intestinal wall

б) the flow of nutrients into the body
в) removal of the decay products of the body
г) +synthesis of complex macromolecular compounds
д) process of disintegration of low molecular weight compounds
#383
!By a process of dissimilation to be understood
а) +decay of complex macromolecular compounds

б) removal of the decay products of the body
в) absorption of nutrients through the intestinal wall
г) the flow of nutrients into the body
д) synthesis of complex molecular compounds
#384
!Constancy of body temperature is maintained
б) chemical regulators and hydrolysis of fats
в) formation of heat in the liver and strengthening the redox processes
г) +physical and chemical regulators
д) sweating and convection
#385
!A positive nitrogen balance observed at
а) +pregnancy and recovery from a serious illness

б) protein and fat starvation
в) deficit of individual amino acids in the diet
г) lack of exercise
д) fat and carbohydrate starvation
#386
!A negative nitrogen balance occurs when
а) excessive protein diet

б) pregnancy
в) recovery after a serious illness
г) enhanced sports training
д) +protein starvation, shortage of food in the individual amino acids
#387
!Nitrogen equilibrium characterizes
а) +the amount of supplied nitrogen still selected

б) received the predominance of nitrogen
в) excessive protein diet
г) excessive exercise
д) prevalence of nitrogen excreted
#388
!Physiological the role of glucagon body
а) +increases glycogen breakdown in the liver

б) keeps the splitting of glycogen in the muscles
в) reduces blood sugar level
г) it promotes the synthesis is fat
д) supports the synthesis of proteins
#389
!Plastic role of nutrients is that
а) allocated and expended energy

б) +of them after a series of chemical reactions form new connections
в) the body accumulates energy
г) increases metabolism
д) body temperature is maintained at a predetermined level
#390
!Calorific equivalent oxygen - this amount of energy generated by the oxidation of
а) +1l O2
б) 1l O2
в) 1ml O2
г) 1 ml O2
д) 1l of O2 and CO2
#391
!Center is in physical thermoregulation
б) pituitary
в) +anterior hypothalamic nuclei
г) midbrain
д) posterior hypothalamic nuclei
#392
!Center is located in the chemical thermoregulation
б) pituitary
в) anterior hypothalamic nuclei
г) midbrain
д) +posterior hypothalamic nuclei
#393
!Rear nuclei of the hypothalamus is the center
а) sweating
б) heat
в) water-salt metabolism
г) physical thermoregulation
д) +chemical thermoregulation
#394
а) cortex
б) spinal cord
в) midbrain
г) +hypothalamus
д) cerebellum
#395
!Increasing the amount of residual nitrogen in the blood indicates a violation of the exchange
а) carbohydrates
б) mineral
в) +protein
г) fat
д) water
#396
!The hormone that regulates mineral metabolism
а) testosterone
б) prolactin
в) progesterone
г) +aldosterone
д) glucagon
#397
!The lowest temperature noted in
а) brain
б) +in the fingers of the lower extremities
в) armpit
г) mouth
д) liver
#398
!The sympathetic nervous system increases
а) +breakdown of glycogen, glycolysis

б) glycogen synthesis from glucose-glycogenesis
в) protein synthesis
г) fat synthesis and deposition
д) deposit of substances
#399
!The parasympathetic nervous system increases
а) breakdown of glycogen, glycolysis

б) +glycogen synthesis from glucose - glycogenesis
в) protein breakdown
г) fat breakdown
д) energy exchange
Metabolism. Nutrition. Thermoregulation. Sweating4161
#400
!PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTRIBUTES
а) strengthens the process of dissimilation
б) exacerbating the collapse of fat
в) the formation of micelles
г) increases fat breakdown
д) +fat deposition
#401
!IRRITATION SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
а) increases consumption of carbohydrate

в) +increases fat breakdown
г) deposition of protein
д) the deposition of fat
#402
!A HORMONE THAT REGULATES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
а) vasopressin, androgens, vagotoniny
б) pituitary antidiuretic hormone

в) thyroxin,thyrocalcitonin
г) PTH, thyrocalcitonin
д) +adrenal hormones
#403
!STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF MAIN
EXCHANGE
а) 2 hours after a meal

б) on an empty stomach, at 23-25oC
в) when the muscular load moderate
г) influenced by extraneous stimuli
д) +muscular and emotional rest, awake
#404
!POWER CONSUMPTION DEFINES METHODS
spirometry
dynamometry
+direct calorimetry
+indirect calorimetry
electrocardiography
calorimetry Berthelot
#405
!POSITIVE NITROGEN BALANCE IS OBSERVED
а) +recovery after a serious illness

б) in the absence of physical exertion
в) when the protein and fat starvation
г) when the fat and carbohydrate starvation
д) when the deficit in food individual amino acids
#406
!NEGATIVE NITROGEN BALANCE IS OBSERVED
а) when pregnant
б) in a growing organism
в) if enhanced sports training
г) when recovering from a serious illness
д) +deficiency in nutrition of individual amino acids
#407
!SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
а) enhances the synthesis of glycogen from glucose

б) +enhances disintegration glycogen-glycolysis
в) enhances the deposition of substances
г) increases fat synthesis and deposition
д) enhances protein synthesis
#408
!PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
а) +enhances glycogen synthesis from glucose

б) strengthens the breakdown of glycogen
в) increases protein breakdown
г) increases fat breakdown
д) enhances energy transfer
#409
!DISSIMILATION UNDER PROCESS TO BE UNDERSTOOD
а) +the process of disintegration of complex macromolecular compounds

б) synthesis of complex macromolecular compounds
в) absorption of nutrients through the intestinal wall
г) removal of the decay products of the body
д) the flow of nutrients into the body
#410
!PROCESS HEAT DISSIPATION HUMAN IS DUE
а) specific dynamic action of food
б) intensity of muscular work
в) enhance basal metabolism
г) intensity visible light
д) +evaporation
#411
!CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE SUPPORTED
а) chemical regulators and hydrolysis of fats

б) strengthening the redox processes
в) formation of heat in the liver
г) sweating and convection
д) +physical regulators
#412
!MECHANISMS TO APPLY HEAT
а) an exothermic reaction
б) muscle activity
в) +heat radiation
г) reabsorption
д) metabolism
#413
!DECREASE IN BODY TEMPERATURE LEADS TO
а) reduction of metabolic processes

б) increasing the heat
в) +vasoconstriction
г) vasodilatation
д) no change
#414
!DURING HEAT PRODUCTION PARTICIPATE HORMONES
and gastrointestinal tissue hormones
pancreatic hormones
parathyroid glands
+pituitary hormones
+adrenal hormones
hormones
#415
!THERMORECEPTORS CNS
а) +in posterior hypothalamic nuclei

б) anterior hypothalamic nuclei
в) the medulla oblongata
г) the midbrain
д) spinal cord
analyzers1483
#416
!Primary subcortical centers of the auricular orienting reflex
а) front colliculus
б) +rear colliculus
в) limbic system
г) red nucleus
д) substantianigra
#417
!Primary subcortical centers of the visual orienting reflex
а) +front colliculus
б) rear colliculus
в) limbic system
г) red nucleus
д) substantianigra
#418
!The sensation of pain occurs at the level of
а) nucleus of the medulla oblongata

б) pallidus
в) +thalamus
г) striatum
д) red nucleus
#419
!The ability to see objects clearly at any distance
а) +accommodation
б) refraction
в) adaptation
г) visual acuity
д) binocularity
#420
!Refraction in the eyeball without accommodative changes
а) +refraction
б) Presbyopia
в) binocularity
г) adaptation
д) emmetropia
#421
!The space discerned while eyes fixing on one point
а) refraction
б) +field of vision
в) receptor field
г) binocularity
д) presbyopia
#422
!The maximum power of the eye to distinguish the separate points located at a minimum distance from
each other
а) accommodation
б) refraction
в) adaptation
г) +visual acuity
д) binocularity
#423
!Acute pain caused by carrying pain signals by fiber type
а) +A
б) B
в) C
г) A and B
д) A and C
#424
!Primary epicritic pain caused by carrying pain signals by fiber type
а) +A
б) B
в) C
г) A and B
д) A and C
#425
!In order to investigate the sharpness of touch by determining the threshold discriminating use
а) +esthesiometer
б) dynamometer
в) spirometer
г) chronoreflexometer
д) Barani’s sample
#426
!The third cell of receptor section of the visual analyzer is
а) rods and cones

б) bipolar cells
в) horizontal cells
г) +Ganglion cells
д) amacrine cell
#427
!The first cell of receptor section of the visual analyzer is
а) +rods and cones

б) bipolar cells
в) ganglion cells
г) horizontal cells
д) amacrine cell
#428
!Mainantinociceptive substance produced in the brain and spinal cord, pituitary gland and some organs
а) prostaglandins
б) prostacyclin
в) angiotensin
г) vasopressin
д) +enkephalins
#429
!In macular located
а) sticks
б) +cones
в) bipolar cells
г) ganglion cells
д) amacrine cell
#430
!The pigment contained in the cones of the retina
а) hemoglobin
б) +iodopsin
в) rhodopsin
г) fustsin
д) melanin
#431
!The pigment contained in the rods of the retina
а) hemoglobin
б) rhodopsin
в) +rhodopsin
г) fustsin
д) melanin
#432
!Secondary subcortical auricular centers
а) lower colliculus
б) +medial geniculate body
в) superior colliculus
г) lateral geniculate body
д) ventral nucleus of the thalamus
#433
!Structure related to subcortical centers of the auricular analyzer
а) +medial geniculate body

б) lateral geniculate body
в) ventral nucleus of the thalamus
г) dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
д) medulla
#434
!Which of these belongs to the subcortical centers of the auricular analyzer?
а) +lower colliculus
б) superior colliculus
в) lateral geniculate body
г) ventral nucleus of the thalamus
д) dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
#435
!Subcortical centers of lemnisk pathway
а) +core Gaulle Burdach

б) superior colliculus
в) nucleus Deiters
г) kernel spondylitis
д) kernel Manakova
#436
!Structure related to subcortical centers of the auricular analyzer
а) lower colliculus
б) +superior colliculus
д) medulla
#437
!Which of these belongs to the subcortical centers of the auricular analyzer?
а) medial geniculate body

б) +lateral geniculate body
д) medulla
#438
!Cortical areas of the visual analyzer
а) upper part postcentralgyrus

б) lower part postcentralgyrus
в) back central gyrus
г) +occipital lobe
д) temporal lobe
#439
!Cortical areas of the somatic sensory analyzer

в) +back central gyrus
г) occipital lobe
д) temporal lobe
#440
!Cortical areas of the auricular analyzer

в) back central gyrus
г) occipital lobe
д) +temporal lobe
#441
!Cortical areas of taste analyzer
а) +lower part postcentralgyrus

б) back central gyrus
в) occipital lobe
г) temporal lobe
д) frontal lobe
#442
!Cortical areas of the olfactory analyzer
а) lower part postcentralgyrus

б) back central gyrus
в) +hippocampus, Amon horn
г) temporal lobe
д) percentage of frontal
#443
!Structure related to subcortical centers of taste analyzer
в) rear colliculus
г) medial geniculate body
д) +core single beam
#444
!Which of the following refers to the subcortical centers of taste analyzer?
а) lateral geniculate body

б) rear colliculus
в) medial geniculate body
г) +medulla
д) kernel Schwalbe
#445
!The subcortical centers of taste analyzer
в) rear colliculus
г) +nucleus of the thalamus
д) kernel Schwalbe
#446
!Structure related to subcortical centers of the olfactory analyzer

б) medial geniculate body
в) +reticular formation
г) kernel single beam
д) medulla
#447
!Which of the following refers to the subcortical centers of the olfactory analyzer?

в) kernel single beam
г) +limbic system
д) medulla
#448
!The subcortical centers of the olfactory analyzer

б) kernel single beam
в) medulla
г) nucleus of the thalamus
д) +hypothalamus
#449
!The subcortical centers of pain analyzer

б) rear colliculus
г) +reticular formation
д) medulla
#450
!Which of the following refers to the subcortical centers of pain analyzer?
в) rear colliculus
г) medulla
д) +thalamus
#451
!The subcortical centers of somatosensory analyzer
в) rear colliculus
г) +medulla
д) limbic system
#452
!Which of the following refers to the subcortical centers of somatosensory analyzer?

б) rear colliculus
г) +ventral nucleus of the thalamus
д) limbic system
#453
!The interaction of molecules of the receptor protein and flavor molecules is a theory
а) enzyme
б) +membrane
в) chemical
г) electrotonic
д) hemolytic
#454
!The excitement of taste buds as a result of selective inhibition or activation of taste buds is a theory
а) +enzymatic
б) membrane
в) chemical
г) electrotonic
д) hemolytic
#455
!What path is conductor section of tactile sensitivity?
а) corticospinal
б) +lemnisk
в) rubrospinal
г) spinocerebellar
д) vestibulospinal
#456
!What path is conductor section of temperature sensitivity?
а) +spinothalamic pathway
б) lemnisk path
в) rubrospinal path
г) spinocerebellar
д) vestibulospinal
#457
!What path is conductor section of pain sensitivity?
а) +spinothalamic pathway
б) lemnisk path
в) rubrospinal path
г) spinocerebellar
д) vestibulospinal
#458
!The location of first neuron of the lemnisk path
а) +spinal ganglia
б) nuclei Gaulle Burdach
в) ventral thalamic nuclei
г) posterior horns of the spinal cord
д) lateral geniculate bodies
#459
!The location of second neuron of the lemnisk path
а) spinal ganglia
б) +nuclei Gaulle Burdach
#460
!The location of third neuron of the lemnisk path
а) spinal ganglion
в) +ventral thalamic nuclei
#461
!Subcortical centers spinothalamic path
а) +ventral nucleus of the thalamus

б) dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
в) kernel Gaulle Burdach
г) nucleus Deiters
д) kernel spondylitis
#462
!What of the following is the most accepted theory of hearing at this stage?
а) microphone potential Bray

б) +traveling waves Békésy
в) Richard Axel
г) Hartridge
д) Linda B. Buck
#463
!Which of the following is the most accepted theory of color perception at this stage?
а) +Lomonosov - Helmholtz
б) Hartridge
в) Granite
г) Hering
д) Rabkin
analyzers2483
#464
!The location of first neuron of the spinothalamic path
а) lateral geniculate bodies

б) posterior horns of the spinal cord
г) nuclei Gaulle and Burdach
д) +spinal ganglia
#465
!The location of second neuron of the spinothalamic path
а) spinal ganglia
г) +posterior horns of the spinal cord
#466
!The location of third neuron of the spinothalamic path
а) spinal ganglia
в) +ventral thalamic nuclei
#467
!The site language perceives sweet
1
2
3
+4
5
#468
!The site language perceives bitter
+1
2
3
4
5
#469
!Which of frequency range is most receptive human auricular analyzer?
а) 6-20000 Hz
б) 6-10000 Hz
в) +16-20000 Hz
г) 10-10000 Hz
д) 16-40000 Hz
#470
!Which of the following is the most accepted theory of color perception at this stage?
а) the availability of cones and rods, perceiving white and black, red and green, yellow and blue
colors
б) the availability of donators and modulators in the retina
в) +triple
г) polychromatic
д) traveling waves
#471
!Which of the following is the most correct definition of nociceptors?
а) encapsulated mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors

б) non-encapsulated mechanoreceptors
в) non-encapsulated chemoreceptors
г) encapsulated nerve endings
д) +non-encapsulated nerve endings
#472
!Which of the following is most relevant to primary nociceptive substance produced in the brain and
spinal cord, pituitary
а) angiotensin
б) vasopressin
в) +endorphins
г) serotonin
д) oxytocin
#473
!Membrane of the cochlea, where located the organ of Corti
а) +basal
б) vestibular
в) tectorial
г) membranous
д) drum
#474
!The receptor section of the auricular analyzer
а) external auricular canal

б) auricular ossicles
в) +organ of Corti
г) eardrum
д) semicircular canals
#475
!The receptor cells of the visual analyzer
а) horizontal cells
б) amacrine cell
в) hair cells
г) +cones
д) spindle
#476
!Which of the following applies to the receptors of the visual analyzer?
б) amacrine cells
в) hair cells
г) +cones
д) spindle
#477
!What receptor the spinothalamic pathway is the conductor from?
а) primary endings of muscle spindles

б) secondary endings of muscle spindles
в) golgi tendon receptors
г) +pain sensitivity
д) vibration
#478
!What receptors impulses are conducted by the spinothalamic pathway?
а) primary end of the muscle spindles

б) secondary end of the muscle spindles
в) Golgi tendon receptors
г) +temperature sensitivity
д) pressure
#479
!What receptors impulses are conducted by the spinothalamic pathway?
а) +tactile and proprioceptive

б) temperature and visual
в) pain and muscular
г) tactile and vestibular
д) muscular and temperature
#480
!Location of the receptor section of vestibular analyzer
а) +semicircular channels of the inner ear

б) internal columnar body
в) nuclei spondylitis
г) the organ of Corti
д) middle ear
#481
!What is the location of receptor section of vestibular analyzer?
а) +vestibule of the inner ear

б) nuclei Deiters
в) kernel Schwalbe
д) middle ear
#482
!What is perceived by the vestibular analyzer?
а) +change in body position in space

б) touch
в) vibration
г) pressure
д) sound
#483
!Vestibular analyzer senses
а) +acceleration movements
б) touch
в) vibration
г) pressure
д) sound
#484
!The most wide field of vision is for
а) +white
б) blue
в) yellow
г) green
д) red
#485
!Which of these is more characterized the receptor section of any analyzer?
а) high threshold of excitability

б) low sensitivity
в) +specificity
г) accommodation
д) liability
#486
а) +high sensitivity
б) low sensitivity
в) refractoriness
г) accommodation
д) liability
#487
а) functional mobility
б) refractoriness
в) accommodation
г) +adaptation
д) chronaxy
#488
!The receptors of the semicircular channels respond to
а) +angular acceleration
б) relaxation of skeletal muscles
в) reduction in skeletal muscle
г) uniform motion
д) quiescence
#489
!Under the influence of light in the retina of the eye occur photochemical processes which result
splitting rhodopsin of rods to
а) +retinal and opsin

б) iodopsin and retinal
в) eritrolab and vitamin A
г) chlorolab and opsin
д) vitamin A and iodopsin
#490
!The most correct procedure for photochemical reactions in the retina receptors
а) vitamin A - opsin - lumirodopsin and metarhodopsin - retinal

б) vitamin A - retinal - lumirodopsin and metarhodopsin - opsin
в) opsin - vitamin A - and lumirodopsinmetarhodopsin - retinal
г) lumirodopsin and metarhodopsin - retinal - opsin - vitamin A
д) +retinal - lumirodopsin and metarhodopsin - opsin - vitamin A
#491
!Which of the following is more characterizes pain receptors?
а) +low threshold of excitation

б) high excitation threshold
в) rapid adaptation to the stimulus
г) the absence of the excitation threshold
д) lack of specificity
#492
!Sensory information enters the superior colliculus from the receptors of
а) tactile
б) trunk muscles
в) skin
г) +retina
д) snails
#493
!The primary sensitive receptors
а) vestibular
б) +olfactory
в) visual
г) taste
д) auricular
#494
!Which of the following applies to primary sensitive receptors?
а) vestibular receptors
б) +proprioceptors
в) visual
г) taste
д) hearing
#495
!Secondary sensitive receptors
а) proprioceptors
б) olfactory
в) nociceptors
г) +visual
д) tactile
#496
!Which of the following applies to the secondary sensitive receptors?
а) proprioceptors
б) olfactory
в) nociceptors
г) tactile
д) +hearing
#497
!Sensory information enters the lower colliculus of receptors
а) retina
б) proprioreceptors of trunk muscles
в) tactile receptors of the limbs skin
г) +organ of Corti
д) pain receptors in the skin
#498
!The second cell receptor department visual analyzer
а) rods and cones

б) +bipolar cells
в) ganglion cells
г) amacrine cell
д) horizontal cells
#499
!Sensory information enters the nucleus Schwalbe, Manakov, Deiters and Bechterew from
а) tactile receptors of the skin of limbs

б) proprioreceptors of trunk muscles
в) +otolithic apparatus
д) retina
#500
!Receptors perceive the vestibular analyzer
а) +acceleration movements
б) touch
в) pressure
г) touch
д) sound
#501
!What of the following is the most likely cause of presbyopia?
а) too long longitudinal axis

б) too short longitudinal axis
в) an increase in the refractive power of the cornea
г) +decrease in elasticity of the lens
д) a decrease in the refractive power of the cornea
#502
!The binocular vision provides
а) +estimate of the distance and a clear vision of the relief

б) the ability to clearly distinguish individual objects
в) estimate of the distance without assessing the depth of the relief
г) assess the depth of the relief without assessing the distance to the object
д) a clear vision of the relief
#503
!The most likely change in the photoreceptors’ sensitivity in bright light
а) phase decrease
б) phase increase
в) disappearance
г) +decrease
д) increase
#504
!Excitation the receptor of this analyzer causes “motion sickness”. What analyzer is it?
а) locomotion
б) +vestibular
в) olfactory
г) eye
д) hearing
#505
!Excitation the receptor of this analyzer causes "seasickness". What analyzer is it?
а) locomotion
б) +vestibular
в) olfactory
г) visual
д) hearing
#506
!What happens when the rays are focused on the blind spot?
а) the subject is seen in black and white

б) it is impossible to determine the distance to the object
в) smudged subject
г) the best vision of the subject
д) +subject is not visible
#507
!What happens when the rays are focused on the yellow spot?
а) the subject is seen in black and white

б) it is impossible to determine the distance to the object
в) smudged subject
г) +the best vision of the subject
д) the subject is not visible
#508
!Light perception structure of the eye is
а) vitreous body
б) lens
в) +retina
г) cornea
д) sclera
#509
!Nociceptors - it's a free
а) +non-encapsulated nerve endings

б) non-encapsulated mechanoreceptors
в) non-encapsulated chemoreceptors
г) encapsulated nerve endings
д) encapsulated mechanoreceptors
#510
!Which of the following is true to the sound-conducting system?
а) vestibular ladder
б) semicircular canals
в) the organ of Corti
г) +external ear
д) threshold of snails
#511
!Which of the following refers to the sound-conducting system of the organ of hearing?
а) vestibular membrane
б) basal membrane
в) threshold of snails
г) eustachian tube
д) +hammer
analyzers4241
#512
!IN MYOPIA
а) increases refractive power of crystalline lens

б) a longitudinal axis of the eyeball is too short
в) +a longitudinal axis of the eyeball is too long
г) the cornea surface becomes cylindrical
д) increases refractive power of cornea
#513
!IN HYPERMETROPIA
а) increases refractive power of crystalline lens

б) +a longitudinal axis of the eyeball is too short
в) a longitudinal axis of the eyeball is too long
г) the cornea surface becomes cylindrical
д) increases refractive power of cornea
#514
!REFRACTION ANOMALIES EYES
а) +hypermetropia
б) deuteranopia
в) emmetropia
г) ahromaziya
д) tritanopia
#515
!THE MAIN COLORS ARE PERCEIVED OF RETINA CONES
а) orange
б) yellow
в) +green
г) white
д) black
#516
!SUBCORTICAL CENTERS OF LEMNISK PATHWAY
а) the ventral thalamic nuclei

б) the core Monakova
в) the core Bechterew
г) the core of Deiters
д) +nuclei Gaulle
#517
!SUBCORTICAL CENTERS OF THE VISUAL ANALYZER
а) the ventral nuclei of the hypothalamus

б) the dorsal nucleus of the hypothalamus
в) the medial geniculate body
г) +lateral geniculate body
д) the medulla oblongata
#518
!PIGMENT CONTAINED IN CONES RETINA OF THE EYE
а) melanin
б) rhodopsin
в) serotonin
г) iodopsin
д) +erithrolab
#519
!RECEPTOR CELLS OF THE VISUAL ANALYZER
б) amacrine cells
в) ganglion cells
г) bipolar cells
д) +cones
#520
!RECEPTOR NEURONS OF VISUAL ANALYZER
б) amacrine cells
в) +ganglion cells
г) cones
д) rods
#521
!THE SOUND-CONDUCTING STRUCTURES OF THE HEARING ORGAN
а) semicircular canals
б) threshold of snails
в) vestibular ladder
г) organ of Corti
д) +external ear
#522
!RECEPTION PART OF THE VESTIBULAR ANALYZER IS
а) +semicircular canals of the inner ear

в) stirrup shaped bone
г) organ of Corti
д) hammer
#523
!CORTICAL AREAS OF THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM
а) +the horns of ammon

б) the occipital lobe
в) postcentral gyrus
г) precentral gyrus
д) temporal lobe
#524
!MAINPARTS OF ANALYZERS BY I.P. PAVLOV
а) non-specific
б) associative
в) +conductor
г) the bulbar
д) thalamic
#525
!DISTRIBUTION OF GUSTATORY SENSITIVITY ON AREAS OF LANGUAGE
а) root - sour
б) root - salty
в) +root - better
г) tip – sour
д) tip – better
#526
!THE SOUND-CONDUCTING STRUCTURES OF THE MIDDLE EAR
а) the main membrane
б) +stirrup shaped bone
в) semicircular canals
г) threshold of snails
д) Eustachian tube
#527
!SUBCORTICAL CENTERS AURICULAR ANALYZER
а) ventral nucleus of hypothalamus

б) dorsal nucleus of hypothalamus
в) +medial geniculate body
г) lateral geniculate body
д) superior colliculus
#528
!BY PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES CAUSED BY LIGHT EXPOSURE ON RETINA, THE RHODOPSIN OF STICKS
SPLITS INTO
а) erithrolab
б) vitavinА
в) chlorolab
г) iodopsin
д) +retinal
#529
!THE RECEPTORS OF VESTIBULAR ANALYZER IS LOCATED ON
а) +semicircular canalsof the inner ear

б) internalgeniculate bodies
в) nucleiof Deiters
г) nucleiSchwalbe
д) middle ear
#530
!KEY ANTINOCICEPTIVE SUBSTANCES PRODUCED IN THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD, PITUITARY GLAND
AND SOME ORGANS
а) prostaglandins
б) prostacyclin
в) angiotensin
г) vasopressin
д) +encephalins
#531
!VESTIBULAR ANALYZER PERCEIVES
а) +a change in body position in space

б) vibration
в) pressure
г) touch
д) sound
#532
!PRIMARY SENSITIVE RECEPTORS
а) +proprioceptors
б) vestibular
в) gustatory
г) auricular
д) olfactory
#533
!THE RECEPTOR CELLS OF THE VISUAL ANALYZER
б) amacrine cell
в) hair cells
г) spindle
д) +rods
#534
!PROPERTIES CHARACTERIZING THE RECEPTOR PART OF ANY ANALYZER
а) high threshold of excitability

б) accommodation
в) +high sensitivity,specificity,adaptation
г) low sensitivity
д) refractory
#535
!SUBCORTICAL CENTERS OF GUSTATORY ANALYZER
а) the lateral geniculate body

б) the medial geniculate body
в) +nucleus of the thalamus
г) superior colliculus
д) lower colliculus
Higher nervous activity1563
#536
!Type of memory by temporal characteristics
а) emotional
б) +iconic
в) spatial
г) sensor
д) conscious
#537
!The oscillation amplitude of alpha rhythm on the EEG is (in microvolts)
а) 20-25
б) +45-50
в) 75-80
г) 120-125
д) 150-160
#538
!The oscillation amplitude of beta rhythm on the EEG is (in microvolts)
а) +20-25
б) 45-50
в) 75-80
г) 120-125
д) 150-160
#539
!The projection of the right half of the body is in
а) +left hemisphere
б) limbic cortex
в) right hemisphere
г) occipital lobe of the cortex
д) base of the brain
#540
!The projection of the left half of the body is in
а) +right hemisphere
б) limbic cortex
в) left hemisphere
г) base of the brain
д) occipital lobe of the cortex
#541
!When removing the left motor area in the following parts of the body there will occur movement
disorders
а) on the right and partly on the left

б) only on the Left
в) +just on the right
г) upper extremities
д) lower extremities
#542
!At developing short delayed conditioned reflexes unconditioned reinforcement is applied after
conditional signal in
а) 1-3 seconds
б) +5-30 seconds
в) 1-2 minutes
г) 3-4 minutes
д) 4-6 minutes
#543
!What part of central nervous system participates in forming the majority of the biological motivations?
а)
cerebral cortex
б) thalamus
в) spinal cord
г) +hypothalamus
д) reticular formation
#544
!Which part of the central nervous system dominates during the analysis and synthesis of abstract
(verbal) signals?
а) limbic system
б) thalamus
в) hypothalamus
г) +left hemisphere
д) right hemisphere
#545
!Dreaming is MORE characteristic for sleep phase
а) falling asleep
б) nap
в) orthodoxal
г) deep Sleep
д) +paradoxical
#546
!What structures are involved in the development of the outer cortical inhibition
а) cortex
б) postcentralgyrus
в) white matter of the spinal cord
г) +subcortical structures
д) precentralgyrus
#547
!What structures are involved in the development of the internal cortical inhibition
а) reticular formation
б) limbic system
в) +cortex
г) white matter of the spinal cord
д) subcortical structures
#548
!Consolidation– is
а) consolidation of the information in sensory memory
б) +transition of information from short-term memory into long-term
в) consolidation of the information in the primary memory
г) transition of information from the conscious memory into unconscious
д) storing information
#549
!The defeat of the Brock speech center will lead to disorder of
а) accounts (dyscalculia)
б) reproduction of written speech
в) +reproduction of oral speech
г) understanding oral speech
д) understanding written speech
#550
!Characteristics of unconditioned reflexes
а) +inborn, specific
б) acquired, individual
в) inconstant, can be generated and disappear
г) function of the cerebral cortex
д) appear to any stimuli applied to any of the receptive field
#551
!Thinking type (by I.P. Pavlov) is characterized by a predominance of
а) Istsignaling system
б) +IInd signaling system
в) Istand IInd signaling system
г) sensory perception
д) creative thinking
#552
!The physiological basis of speech and thinking is
а) 1st signal system

б) +2nd signal system
в) dynamic stereotype
г) system of unconditioned reflexes
д) unconditioned reflex
#553
!The ability to perceive and pronounce the words occurring in the course of human social life is called as
а) instinct
б) Ist signal system
в) acoustic analyzer
г) memory
д) +IInd signal system
#554
!Which part of the central nervous system dominates in the analysis and synthesis of specific signals
(visual, auditory) from the external environment
а) left hemisphere
б) +right hemisphere
в) reticular formation of the midbrain
г) hypothalamus
д) spinal cord
#555
!How many dominant motivations are formed at the stage of afferent synthesis?
а) none
б) +one
в) two
г) three
д) four or more
#556
!The participation of the cerebral cortex is necessary for the formation of
а) pupillary reflex
б) tendon reflexes
в) +conditioned reflex
г) food unconditioned reflex
д) statis kinetic reflex
#557
!Which hemisphere and signaling system dominates in persons of "artistic type" by I.P. Pavlov?
а) left hemisphere, the 1st signaling system
б) +right hemisphere, the 1st signaling system
в) left hemisphere, the 2nd signaling system
г) right hemisphere, the 2nd signaling system
д) left hemisphere, the 1st and 2nd signaling systems
#558
!Vegetative shifts are MORE characteristics of phase "fast sleep"
а) reduction in heart rate, slow breathing

б) hurried breathing, decreased blood pressure
в) stimulation of secretion and intestinal motility
г) +arrhythmic pulse, increased blood pressure
д) decrease in body temperature
#559
!Vegetative shifts are MORE characteristic of phase "quick sleep"
а) decrease in heart rate and blood pressure

б) upper airway obstruction, snoring
в) increased muscle tone, stimulation of intestinal motility
г) +irregular breathing, apnea
д) decrease in body temperature
#560
!Which hemisphere and signaling system dominates in people of "thinking" type by I.P. Pavlov?
а) left hemisphere, the 1st signaling system

б) right hemisphere, the 1st signaling system
в) right hemisphere, the 2nd signaling system
г) +left hemisphere, the 2nd signaling system
д) right hemisphere, the 1st and 2nd signaling systems
#561
!Afferent synthesis ends by
а) +formation of action program

б) formation of an acceptor
в) formation of feedback afferentation
г) satisfaction of requirements
д) efferent stimulation
#562
!Type of thinking, in which information is mainly processed from the second signal system
а) emotional
б) +verbal-logical
в) visual-active
г) imagic
д) sensor-motor
#563
!What property of the nerve processes reflects the ability to the rapid transformation of the positive
conditioned reflexes in the negative?
а)
+mobility
б) force
в) balance
г) inertness
д) irradiation
#564
!The mechanism of long-term memory is in
а) +synthesis of RNA, DNA, protein

б) reverberation
в) principle of feedback
г) principle of irradiation
д) principle of divergence
#565
!The right hemisphere is responsible for
а) verbal Perception
б) temporal relations
в) +integrity of perception
г) establishment of similarities
д) abstract thinking
#566
!The left hemisphere is responsible for
а) nonverbal perception (visual)
б) spatial relationships
в) concrete thinking
г) establishing differences
д) +consistent perception
#567
!Genotype is characterized by
а) +innate, inherited reflexes

б) innate, not inherited reflexes
в) interaction of innate and acquired high nerve activity features
г) acquired features of high nerve activity
д) properties not depending on living conditions
#568
!The phenotype is characterized by
а) innate, inherited properties

б) innate, not inherited properties
в) +properties, which have developed from the interaction of innate and acquired properties of
higher nervous activity
г) acquired features of higher nervous activity
д) properties not depending on living conditions
#569
!According to the theory of Hess, sleep comes at
а) +excitement of ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus

б) inhibition of ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
в) activating the influence of the reticular formation in the medulla and the thalamus
г) inhibitory effect of the reticular formation in the medulla oblongata and tlamus
д) activating influence of the reticular formation on the cerebral cortex
#570
!What stage of emotions due to G.I. Kositsky reflects the state of attention, mobilization of activity,
improvement of work efficiency?
а) +I stress
б) II sthenic negative reaction
в) III asthenic negative reaction
г) IV neurosis
д) V sthenic positive reaction
#571
!What stage of emotions due to G.I. Kositsky is characterized by a maximum increase of energy
resources of the body and limit stress of organs and systems (anger, resentment)?
а) Ist stress
б) +II sthenic negative reaction
г) IV neurosis
#572
!What stage of emotions due to G.I. Kositsky is characterized by the depletion of energy resources of the
body (horror, grief)?
а) Ist stress
в) +III asthenic negative reaction
г) IV neurosis
V sthenic positive reaction
#573
!What stage of emotions due to G.I. Kositsky is a disease, "failure" of a number of regulatory
mechanisms of the body?
а) Ist stress
г) +IV neurosis
#574
!The proportion of fast sleep in an adult for the entire night period is at average in%
а)
+20
б) 40
в) 50
г) 70
д) 80
#575
!Conditioned reflex as opposed to an unconditional one is characterized by
а) species nature
б) strength of neural connections
в) +individual character
г) complexity of the reflex arch
д) closure of relations mainly on subcortical centers
#576
!Melancholic temperament (due to Hippocrates) is MORE characterized by
а) inertness
б) mobility
в) balance
г) imbalance
д) +weakness of the nervous processes
#577
!The rhythms that occur on electroencephalogram at exposure of light and sound stimuli
а) alpha
б) +beta
в) delta
г) theta
д) sigma
#578
!Rhythms that appear on electroencephalogram arising from intellectual work
а) alpha
б) +beta
в) delta
г) theta
д) sigma
#579
!What rhythms are more often occur on EEG when hypoxia and moderately deep anesthesia?
а) alpha
б) beta
в) delta
г) +theta
д) sigma
#580
!Alpha rhythm occurs on the electroencephalogram when
а) pathological processes
б) deep anesthesia
в) action of sound signal
г) sleep state
д) +rest
#581
!One of the rules of developing a conditioned reflex is
а) +repeated combination of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

б) reinforcement of the unconditioned stimulus by conditioned
в) single combination of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli
г) use of stimuli equivalent by their biological value
д) use of transcendental conditioned stimulus
#582
!The duration of slow sleep is in%
а) 15-25
б) 35-45
в) 45-55
г) 65-75
д) +75-85
#583
!In order to study the functions of the cerebral cortex in a healthy person is more applicable the method
of
а) destruction and removal of the nerve centers

б) stereotactic method
в) biochemical analysis
г) +electroencephalography
д) method of direct stimulation of the cortex
#584
!More applicable method for studying higher mental functions in a healthy person is the method of
а) destruction and removal of the nerve centers

б) stereotactic method
в) biochemical analysis
г) +psychological testing
д) method of direct stimulation of the cortex
#585
!For a conditioned reflex as opposed to the unconditioned one is more typical
а) specific nature
б) strength of neural connections
в) complexity of the reflex arch
г) +closure of nerve connections at the level of the cortex
д) closure of the neural connections mainly in the subcortical centers
#586
!Delta-rhythm is characterized by frequency
а) 8-13 Hz
б) 4-8 Hz
в) 13 Hz and above
г) +0.5 – 3.5 Hz
д) 13-50 Hz
#587
!Delta-rhythm is characterized by amplitude
а) 25 – 50 mcv
б) 100-150 mcv
в) 0 – 25 mcv
г) 50 - 100 mcv
д) +150 - 300 mcv
#588
!Theta rhythm is characterized by frequency
а) 8-13 Hz
б) +4-8 Hz
в) 13 Hz and above
г) 0,5 – 3,5 Hz
д) 13-50 Hz
#589
!Theta rhythm is characterized by amplitude
а) 25 - 50 mcv
б) +150 -100 mcv
в) 0 - 25 mcv
г) 300 - 350 mcv
д) 150 - 300 mcv
#590
!The theory on which the memory information are electrotonus signals
а) conditioned-reflector
б) +neural models
в) associative
г) chemical
д) glial
#591
!The theory of memory due what storing events are connected so that the "revival" of some leads to the
"revival" of the others
а) conditioned –reflector
б) neural models
в) +associative
г) chemical
д) glial
#592
!One of the basic rules of formation of a conditioned reflex
а) single combination of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli

б) unconditioned stimulus must precede the conditional one
в) unconditioned stimulus by its physiological characteristics is weaker than the conditional
г) +unconditioned stimulus by its physiological characteristics is stronger than the conditioned
д) conditioned and unconditioned stimuli with the same biological importance
#593
!THE MOST acceptable condition for occurring a transcendental inhibition
а) conditioned stimulus is not supported with unconditional

б) using a complex of conditioned stimuli
в) +significant increasing the strength and durability of the conditioned signal
г) giving stimuli close by their nature
д) supplying unconditional signal after the conditional
#594
!"Instinct" by definition of Pavlov I.P. is a
а) display of individual reflexes

б) complex of food, sex and other unconditioned reflexes
в) complex unconditioned reflexes, maintaining homeostasis
г) +complex unconditioned reflexes with layered conditioned reflector connections
д) set of conditioned reflexes
#595
!Extinction inhibition can be obtained when
а) complex of conditioned stimuli is reinforced by unconditioned stimulus

б) +conditioned stimulus is no longer reinforced by unconditional
в) super strong conditioned stimulus is provided
г) one conditioned stimulus is reinforced by the unconditional and the other – not
д) alternating conditioned stimuli is applied
#596
!Differentiatedinhibition can be obtained when
а) conditioned stimulus is reinforced after a certain period of time with unconditioned

б) super strong conditioned stimulus is provided
в) one conditioned stimulus is reinforced by the unconditional and the other – not
г) several alternating conditional stimuli are reinforced with one unconditional
д) +one conditioned stimulus is reinforced with conditioned and others close to it – not
#597
!In making what reflex we use in strict sequence several conditioned stimuli, reinforcing each with
unconditioned stimulus
а) +dynamic stereotype
б) complex
в) summarized
г) generalized
д) differentiated
#598
!The main role in the occurrence of temporary connections in the cortex play the following type of the
convergence
а) +sensor-biological
б) multi-sensor
в) multibiological
г) projection
д) axonal-sensor
#599
!What type of inhibition is obtained in a dog, if at elaboration of a conditioned salivary reflex, food
reinforcement is given in 1 minute after the call?
а) conditioned inhibition
б) extinction
в) +delayed
г) differentiated
д) transcendental
#600
!What processes are in the basis of formation of short-term memory?
а) active synthesis of protein molecules

б) persistent changes in synaptic conduction
в) development of axon contacts
г) +circulation of impulses along closed neural chains
д) divergence of the excitation process
#601
!Differentiated inhibition
а)protects the nerve centers from information abundance

б)allows saving energy resources
в)+allows distinguishing stimuli similar in nature
г)contributes to the development of dynamic stereotype
д)switches body to investigate the significance of extraneous stimuli
#602
!According to the biological theory of P.K. Anokhin emotions in the functional behavior system may
occur on the stage of
а) creation of action program

б) +parameter comparison of results with the acceptor
в) decision adoption
г) afferent synthesis
д) action accomplishment
#603
!Biological phase significance of fast sleep is in
а) activation of plastic and reparative processes in the nervous system and internal organs
б) +processing information and ensuring its transfer into long-term memory
в) increase in protein synthesis, DNA and RNA in the body
г) increase of sensitivity to external stimuli
д) release of the body from excess motivational energy
#604
!Type of inhibition that occurs at submitting super strong conditioned stimulus
а) +transcendental
б) conditioned inhibition
в) extinction
г) differentiated
д) delayed
#605
!Active state of brain structures that encourage to make actions addressed for satisfying needs
а) feeling
б) emotions
в) attention
г) +motivation
д) memory
#606
!Inhibition that occurs under the influence of extraneous stimuli
а) differentiated
б) internal
в) +external
г) transcendental
д) conditioned inhibition
#607
!Due what type of inhibition does the watch dog stop eating when a stranger
а) reciprocal
б) +external
в) conditioned
г) differentiated
д) delayed
#608
!In the functional system of behavior an ideal model result of the future is called as
а) motivation
б) afferent synthesis
в) +acceptor of an action result
г) action program
д) memory
#609
!Which of the following parameters of cortical processes MORE accurately reflects the speed and
stability of development of conditioned reflexes?
а) mobility
б) +strength
в) balance
г) inertness
д) induction
#610
!What type of inhibition did I.P. Pavlov call as protective
а) delayed
б) differentiated
в) conditioned
г) +transcendental
д) extinction
#611
!Conditioned reflex is a clear reinforcement in the development of
а) dynamic stereotype
б) instinct
в) +conditioned reflex of the second order
г) conditioned reflex of the first order
д) oriented reflex
#612
!Characteristics of "quiet" type due to I.P. Pavlov
а) weak, mobile, unbalanced

б) +strong, low mobile, balanced
в) strong, mobile, balanced
г) weak, mobile, balanced
д) weak, very mobile, unbalanced
#613
!Characteristics of "live" type by Pavlov I.P.
а) +strong, mobile, balanced

б) strong, low mobile, balanced
в) weak, mobile, balanced
г) strong, mobile, unbalanced
д) strong, very mobile, unbalanced
#614
!Type of memory associated with complex processes of synthesis of protein molecules in the cells of the
brain
а) short term
б) +long-term
в) emotional
г) operational
д) iconic (instantaneous)
#615
!Characteristics of "unbridled" type of HNA by Pavlov I.P.
а) strong, mobile, balanced

б) weak, mobile, balanced
в) +strong, extremely mobile, unbalanced
г) weak, inactive, unbalanced
д) strong, inactive, balanced
#616
!Characteristics of the "weak" type of HNA by Pavlov I.P.
а) weak, extremely mobile

б) weak, mobile, balanced
в) +weak, inactive, unbalanced
г) weak, balanced
д) weak, mobile, unbalanced
#617
!Reaction related to the manifestation of the second signal system
а) saliva discharge when sense of smell

б) pupillary constriction under the influence of bright light
в) +tachycardia in patients informed about the test results
г) crying a baby, who saw a syringe in the hands of a doctor
д) withdrawal hands when you touch a hot stove
#618
!What type of inhabition occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer supported with
unconditional
а) conditioned
б) external
в) transcendental
г) +extinction
д) delayed
#619
!In making any reflex used in strict sequence of several conditioned stimuli, supported by one
unconditioned stimulus leads
а) II order
б) +complex
в) summarized
г) generalized
д) differentiated
#620
!Differentiated inhibition
а)protects the nerve centers from information abundance

б)allows saving energy resources
в)contributes to the development of dynamic stereotype
г)+contributes to the development of social skills such as prohibition
д)switches body to investigate the significance of extraneous stimuli
#621
!What is the main cause of biological motivations?
а) emotions
б) environmental factors
в) +constant changes of the organism internal environment
г) process of inhibition in the cerebral cortex
д) instincts
#622
!Which type of inhibition is a reflex "What's that?"
а) differentiated
б) internal
в) +external
г) transcendental
#623
!The theory of memory, which is based on formation and the preservation of temporary connections
а) +conditioned – reflector
б) neural models
в) associative
г) chemical
д) glial
#624
!Theory on memory, which is based on information coding on RNA and DNA molecules
а) conditioned reflector
б) neural models
в) associative
г) +chemical
д) glial
#625
!In theory of I.P. Pavlov the sleep is
а) +diffuse internal cortical inhibition, extending to the lower parts of the CNS
б) internal inhibition in the cortex, not extending to the lower parts of the CNS
в) presynaptic inhibition, irradiating over the cortex
г) outer cortical inhibition not extending to the lower parts of the CNS
д) outer cortical inhibition, extending to the lower parts of the CNS
#626
!Histological theory suggests that the onset of sleep depends on
а) reduction of synaptic cleft and elongation of dendrits

б) increase of synaptic cleft and shortening dendrits
в) +decrease of synaptic cleft and shortening dendrits
г) increase of synaptic cleft and miscommunication between cells
д) elongation of nerve cells processes and improving contacts between them
#627
!Change that MOST accurately explains the occurrence of sleep according to the vasomotor theory
а) +blood supply to the brain

б) the blood composition supplying the brain
в) the composition of liquor
г) electrical activity of neurons
д) the neuro glia functions
#628
!What is going on with repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned
support?
а) +extinction inhibition
б) summation of conditioned reflexes
в) consolidation of conditioned reflex
г) development of dynamic stereotype
д) development of differentiated conditioned reflex
#629
!Component of functional system involved in the stage of afferent synthesis and answering the question
"What to do?"
а) situational afferentation
б) launcher afferentation
в) memory
г) +dominant motivation
д) action program
#630
How to do?"
а) dominant motivation
б) +memory
в) situational afferentation
г) launcher afferentation
д) action program
#631
"Is it possible to do?"
б) memory
в) +situational afferentation
г) launcher afferentation
д) action program
#632
"When to do?"
б) memory
в) situational afferentation
г) +launcher afferentation
д) action program
#633
!Motivation is formed on the basis of
а) emotions
б) attention
в) +requirements
г) representations.
д) training
#634
!Which of the followings is the MOST useful adaptive result of external functional system?
а) +maintenance of the relationship with the environment

б) maintaining homeostatic parameters
в) acquirement of communication skills
г) achieving social success
д) education
#635
!A useful adaptive result of internal functional system is
а) ensuring the relationship of the organism with the environment

б) +maintenance of homeostatic parameters
в) acquirement of communication skills
г) achieving social success
д) education
#636
!In the initial stages of development of differential inhibition in the cortex there dominate processes of
а) concentration
б) induction
в) dominant
г) +irradiation
д) occlusion
#637
!Reciprocal inhibition is characterized by
а) the excitation of the center inhibits the same center through Renshaw cells
б) +excitation of one center inhibits the excitation of antagonistic reflex center
в) excited Center area surrounds itself with inhibition zone
г) inhibition of one counter causes the excitation in the neighboring centers
д) inhibition of reflex response
#638
!To which of the following stimuli a conditioned reflex is MORE rapidly formed?
а) +pain
б) food
в) sound
г) light
д) drinking
#639
!The MOST stable conditioned reflexes are
а) artificial
б) +natural
в) generalized
г) negative
д) complex
#640
!The unconditional inhibition include
а) +transcendental
б) conditioned inhibition
в) delayed
г) extinction
д) differentiating
#641
!Typical sanguine is MOST characterized by
а) sluggishness
б) +sociability
в) vulnerability
г) restlessness
д) modesty
#642
!Typical phlegmatic is MOST characterized by
а) activity
б) shyness
в) +sluggishness
г) sociability
д) curiosity
#643
!Emotion, which is caused by nerve stimulation signaling about a real or imaginary danger
а) anger
б) +fear
в) quilt
г) joy
д) surprise
#644
!Emotion, motivating creation, creativity, constantly desired emotion
а) anger
б) fear
в) quilt
г) +joy
д) surprise
#645
!Emotions that arise in violation of the moral, ethical or religious nature, in situations where the subject
feels a personal responsibility
а) anger
б) fear
в) +quilt
г) joy
д) interest
#646
!The property, which characterizes the ratio of excitation and inhibition in the total amount of biological
reactions
а) recovery
б) exertion
в) mobility
г) +balance
д) force
#647
!The property, which characterizes the degree of excitation and inhibition processes
а) mobility
б) balance
в) +strength
г) recovery
д) exertion
#648
!CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES ARE
а) +non-permanent
б) permanent
в) congenital
г) species
д) durable
#649
!THE CLOSING OF EYELIDS AT THE FLASH OF LIGHT IS
а) conventional
б) +the protective
в) vegetative
г) artificial
д) lagging
#650
!CONDITIONED REFLEXES ARE
а) eye-heart reflex
б) sneezing and coughing
в) contraction of the pupil to light
г) secretion of saliva at the sight of food
д) +rapid breathing runners before the start
#651
!ON THE RATIO OF THE TIME OF ACTION, THE PREARRANGED SIGNAL AND THE UNCONDITIONAL
REINFORCEMENT DISTINGUISH CONDITIONED REFLEXES ARE
а) somatic
б) negative
в) autonomic
г) locomotor
д) +of delayed
#652
!UNCONDITIONED REFLEXES ARE
а) human reaction to a green traffic light

б) rapid breathing runners before the start
в) in human salivation at the sight of lemon
г) the dog saw the leash, running to the door
д) +withdrawal the hands in case of sudden prick
#653
!CORTICAL INHIBITION PROMOTES
а) +disappearance of unnecessary temporary connection in the cortex

б) development of coordination oppression reflexes
в) the weakening of developing motor skills
г) distinguishing stimuli similar in nature
д) saving energy resources
#654
!TYPES OF CORTICAL INHIBITION
а) recurrent
б) pessimal
в) +the beyond
г) presynaptic
д) postsynaptic
#655
!PARTICIPATION OF NEW BRAIN CORTEX IS NEEDED TO FORM
а) instinct
б) the beyond braking
в) +a conditioned reflex
г) an orienting reaction
д) food unconditioned reflex
#656
!UNCONDITIONED REFLEXES OF HUMAN RIGHTS ARE
а) +is constant
б) easy to get lost
в) easy purchased
г) is an individual
д) produced any irritants
#657
!CONDITIONED REFLEXES AT THE HUMAN ARE FORMED IN PROCESS OF
а) the formation of the embryo

б) evolutionary development
в) +individual development
г) the formation of species
д) prenatal development
#658
!THE CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO A BOTTLE OF MILK - IS A REFLEX WHICH
а) is inherited
б) persists for life
в) +formed with cortex
г) is formed at the spinal cord
д) is formed at the subcortical centers
#659
!REFLEX SNEEZING MEANS
а) is conditional
б) is not inherited
в) weakens during the life
г) characteristic of individuals
д) +is a protective reaction of the organism
#660
!FOR THE ELABORATION OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES NECESSARY
а) provide extraneous signals
б) +exclude extraneous signals feed

в) the unconditioned stimulus support conditional
г) gradually increase the strength of the conditioned stimulus
д) the unconditioned stimulus act within 2 hours after the conditional
#661
!PROFESSION, WITH A PREDOMINANCE OF CONDITIONED REFLEXES THAT ARE RELATED TO THE SECOND
SIGNAL SYSTEM
а) dancer
б) driver
в) +lecturer
г) hairdresser
д) watchmaker
#662
!"WEAK" TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IS
а) +prone to neurotic disorders

б) has a high adaptive capacity
в) has a phlegmatic temperament
г) subject to increased excitability
д) is able to train and strengthen the insufficient braking
#663
!FOR "LIVE" TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IT IS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
а) +great composure
б) activity, but fieriness
в) choleric temperament
г) passivity and weakness
д) exposure to neurotic disorders
#664
!FOR "IMPETUOUS" TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IT IS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
а) passivity and weakness

б) the melancholic temperament
в) instability of conditioned reflexes
г) +strong conditioned reflex reaction
д) moderate reaction to an external stimulus
#665
!FOR "QUIET" TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY IT IS CHARACTERISTIC OF
а) passivity and weakness

б) +stability acquired skills
в) short temper and conflict
г) instability of conditioned reflexes
д) subjected to increased excitability
#666
!BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION TYPES OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITIES, WHICH IS MADE BY PAVLOV I.P.
а) the structure of the cerebral cortex

б) the number of active brain notches
в) +balance of excitation and inhibition
г) localization of functions in the cerebral cortex
д) a specific procedure for the transmission of nerve impulses
#667
!EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MELANCHOLIC TEMPERAMENT PEOPLE ARE
а) calm, unhurried
б) +shyness, softness
в) kindness, cheerfulness
г) forethought, persistence
д) initiative, but restlessness
#668
!EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT PEOPLE
а) forethought, persistence
б) +kindness, cheerfulness
в) modesty, tact, delicacy
г) initiative, but restlessness
д) sensitivity, responsiveness, vulnerability
#669
!EMOTIONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PHLEGMATIC TEMPERAMENT PEOPLE
а) activity, curiosity
б) friendliness, sociability
в) kindness, cheerfulness
г) +forethought, persistence
д) sharpness, short temper, irritability
#670
!TYPE OF INTERNAL (CONDITIONAL) CORTICAL INHIBITION CONDITIONED REFLEXES ACCORDING TO I.P.
PAVLOV
а) +lagging
б) pessimal
в) the beyond
г) presinaptic
д) postsinaptic
#671
!LOCATION CENTER OF SPEECH
а) hippocampus
б) occipital region
в) the medulla oblongata
г) anterior central gyrus
д) +temporal lobe, center of Wernicke
#672
!FEATURES, CHARACTERISTIC FOR CHILDREN WITH CHOLERIC TYPE OF HIGHER NERVOUS ACTIVITY
а) sloth
б) cowardice
в) low mobility
г) forethought
д) +high mobility
#673
!THE REFLEX CREATED WITH THE DEFINING PARTICIPATION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
а) the knee-jerk reaction

б) turning the baby on a tummy
в) salivation in response to the food
г) +saliva at the sight of cut a lemon
д) withdrawal the hands in case of sudden prick
#674
!EMOTIONS THAT PERFORM FUNCTIONS
а) food
б) social
в) protective
г) regenerative
д) +compensatory
#675
!THE TYPES OF OUTER CORTICAL INHIBITION
а) delayed
б) +navigate
в) extinction
г) differentiated

Histology With Ans

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Histology With Ans

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JAI MATA DI

*Histologic technique *1*8*2*

*To increase density of tissues

*+Acid compounds of the histologic structures

*Acid compounds of histologic structures

*Being stained with acid dyes

*To increase density of tissue

*+Formalin and Sudan III

*Thick lipid layer

*Granular endoplasmic reticulum

*Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

*Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

*Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

*Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

*Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

*Molecules of the oligosaccharides

*+Outer third of the uterine tube

*+One layer of flattened elongated cells

*On the third day

*Extraembryonic endoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm

*+Extraembryonic endoderm and extraembryonic mesoderm

*Formation of the fertilization membrane

*Formation of zygote as a result of fusion of male and female sex cells

*Division of zygote into blastomeres

*+Chorionic plate and chorionic villi

*Chorionic plate and chorionic villi

*Network of elastic fibres

*Presence of intercalated parts

*Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*Simple alveolar (acinar)

*+Glandular cells are completely destroyed

*it contains vessels

*apocrine type of secretion

*Dense irregular fibrous

*Dense irregular fibrous

*Mature elastic fibres

*Mature elastic fibres

*+Elaboration of intercellular substance

*Dense irregular fibrous

*Dense irregular fibrous

*Adipocytes and collagen fibres

*Mature elastic fibres

*change of the colour

*it becomes calcified with age

*a large amount of ground substance

*Chondrocytes of the first type

*Chondrocytes of the first type

*+Formation of the bony tissue

*+Irregular arrangement of the bundles of collagen fibres

*Irregular arrangement of the bundles of collagen fibres

*Layer of the inner circumferential lamellae

*Layer of the inner circumferential lamellae

*Cubical, within surrounding connective tissue

*+In the middle of I-band

*Tropomyosin and troponin

*+Presence of a large number of myofibrils

*Presence of a large number of myofibrils

*In the middle of I-band

*+One T-tubule and two cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

*+One T-tubule and two cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

*Layers of the connective tissue

*Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue

Histologic technique 1*82