ANATOMY OF

EUKARYOTES
J.DAPHNE JOY KIRUBA
B.Sc microbiology
1st year
Contents:
introduction
cell membrane
glycocalyx
flagella
mitochondria
nucleus
ribosomes
Introduction:
Eukaryotes are organisms
whose cells have a nucleus
enclosed within a nuclear
membrane.
Eukaryotes belong to the
domain eukaryotes or
eukaryota.
*All eukaryotes have a
surrounding plasma Click icon to add picture
membrane called cell
memebrane.
*The plasma membrane is made
up of phospholipid bilayer.
*Only relatively small ,non
polar materials can easily
move through the lipid bilayer
of the plasma membrane.

*Cell structure:
1.cell membrane:
* glycocalyx is an outer
boundary that comes into Click icon to add picture

direct contact with the

environment.
*It is usually composed of
polysaccharides.
*Appears as a network of
fibres,a slim e layer or a
capsule.

*2.glycocalyx:
*Flagella is a long,
sheathed cylinder
containing microtubules Click icon to add picture

in a 9+2 arragenment.
*It is covered by an
extension of the cell
membrane.
*It is 10 times thicker than
prokaryotic cell’s
flagella.

*3.flagella:
*Most mitochondria are
surrounded by two
Click icon to add picture
membranes.
*The mitochondrial inner
membrane is extensive and
involves substainal infoldings
called cristae.
*They usually have their own
circular DNA.
*They also have special
ribosomes and transfer RNA’s.

*Mitochondria:
*One of the main difference
between the prokaryotes and
eukaryotes is the nucleus.
* the nucleus stores chromatin in
a gel like substance called
nucleoplasm.
*Chromatin describes the
material that makes up the
chromosomes , which are
structures within the nucleus
that are made up of DNA,the
hereditary material.

*NUCLEUS:
*Ribosomes are large
complexes of protein and
RNA,are the cellular
organelles responsible for
protein synthesis.
*They receive their orders for
protein synthesis from the
nucleus where the DNA is
transcribed into messenger
RNA.

*Ribosomes: