Analog

Circuits
01.
Sol: 5V

D1 5K
1V
1V V0 = 1V
2V D2 (1–2)
Vo 2V
3V D3
3V
(1–3)
5k  D2 & D3 are reverse biased and ‘D1’ is
Io
forward biased.
i.e., D1 only conduct
(1–3) 5 1
 I0 = = 0.8mA
1V 5K
2V V0 = 3V
(2–3)

03.
3V
5K Sol: Let diodes D1 & D2 are forward biased.
I0  V0 = 0 volt
10  0
I2 = = 2mA
5K
 D1,D2 are reverse biased and D3 is 0  (10)
I3 = = 1mA
forward biased. 10K
i.e., D3 only conducts. Apply KCL at nodes ‘a’:
 I0 = 3/5K = 0.6mA –I1 + I3 – I2 = 0
I1 = –(I2–I3) = –1mA
02. +10V
Sol:
+5V 5k
a Vo
Io 5k
I1 I2
D1
1V Vo
2V D2 I3 10k

3V D3
–10V

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: 3 : Postal Coaching Solutions

So, D1 is reverse biased & D2 is forward Output wave form:

biased
V0
 ‘D1’ act as an open circuit & D2 is act as 3V
Vx 0
short circuit. –2 t
Then circuit becomes
–7V
+10V
Transfer characteristics:
5K
20 V0 V0
I A
15k 3V
10K

–10V
–5V 2V 5V Vin

 20 
 V0  10k     10
 15k  05.
 V0 = 3.33V Sol:
R
04. + +
Sol: 2V Vin Vo
+ – – 2V –
+ +
+
Vin Vx Vo
RL
– – –
For Vi < – 2Volt, Diode ON
 V0 = – 2Volt
Apply KVL to the loop: For Vi > – 2Volt, Diode OFF
Vin – 2 – Vx = 0  V0 = Vi
 Vx = Vin–2 ----- (1)
V0
Given, Vin range = –5V to 5V
 Vx range = –7V to 3V [∵ from eq (1)] +5V
Diode ON for Vx > 0V
t
 V0 = Vx –2V
Diode OFF for Vx < 0V –5V
 V0 = 0 V
V0 range = 0 to 3V

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: 4 : Analog Circuits

06. 1
9.3(1m)  (0.93)(1m)
Sol: Consider a half wave peak detector the Area 2
(a) VAvg  
calculate average value for triangular Base 1m
waveform 0.93
 9.3  = 8.84V
2
charges discharges
10  Vr 
(b) tan 
 T 4   t 
+ 10 0.93
Vin R  100  
– C= 100C
0.25m t
t = 0.023 msec
V
(c) I C ( avg )  C
t
10V
Vx Vy 0.93
9.3V  100
8.77 V 0.023m

0.7V IC ( avg )  4A
VP 9.3
–10V (d) I R  =
R 100
T=1/f msec Total ID(max) = IC+IR
9.3
 4
When diode is OFF, the capacitor discharges 100
through the resistor = 4.093 A
Vy  Vx e  t RC t  T
07.
 1m 
Vy  9.31   = 8.37 V Sol: For positive half cycle diode Forward biased
 100  100 
and Capacitor start charging towards peak
Ripple amplitude, Vr = Vx–Vy
value.
= 9.3 – 8.77 = 0.93 V
 VC = Vm= 5V
 V0 = Vin – VC = Vin – 5
0.93 (ripple) Vin range = – 5V to +5V
9.3V  V0 range = – 10V to 0V
Area 8.37V
V0
1msec 0 t

–5V

–10V

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: 5 : Postal Coaching Solutions

08. 10.
Sol: For +ve cycle, diode ‘ON’, then capacitor Sol: During positive cycle,
starts charging D1 forward biased& D2 Reverse biased.
 VC = Vm – 7 = 10 – 7 = 3V
VC
Now diode OFF for rest of cycle + –
 V0 = –VC +Vin +
Vin
= Vin –3
–
Vin range : –10V to +10V
 V0 range: –13V to 7V
V0 VC1 = Vin = 6volt
During negative cycle,
7Volts
D1 reverse biased & D2 forward biased.

–3Volts t +6V –
–13Volts – +
6V VC2
+ –

09.
Sol: For +ve cycle, diode ON, then capacitor VC2 = – 6 – 6 = –12V
starts charging  VC = VP + 9 Capacitor C2 will charge to negative voltage
= 12 + 9 = 21V of magnitude 12V
Now diode OFF for rest of cycle.
 V0 = VC + Vin 11.
= 21 + Vin Sol:
+10V
Vin range: –12 to +12V
4.7K
V0 range: 9V to 33V
V0 4V
 = 100
33V
3.3K
21V
t Given,
VB = 4V
9V
VBE = 0.7
VB–VE = 0.7

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: 6 : Analog Circuits

VE = VB –7= 3.3V  VC = 5.5V

3.3
IE = = 1mA VC= 5.5 V
3.3K
Let transisotr in active region
+
 IC = /(+1) . IE = 0.99mA VB= 6V 0.2 V = VCE
IB = IC/ = 9.9A –
VE=5.3 V
VC = 10 – 4.71030.9910-3 = 5.347V
 VC >VB
10  5.5
Transistor in the active region.  IC = = 0.957mA
4.7K
IB = 1.6 – 0.957 = 0.643mA
12.
I C 0.957 mA
Sol: =  =1.483
+10V I B 0.643 mA
forced < active
4.7K

6V 13. +10V
+ Sol:
0.7 6–0.7=5.3V
– 4.7K
3.3K

VE= –0.7V
VE = VB – VBE = 6 – 0.7 = 5.3V 3.3K
5.3
IE = = 1.6mA
3.3K
Let transistor is active region
 VE = –0.7V
IC = I
1   E Transistor in cut off region
IC = 1.59mA IC = IB = IE = 0A
VC = 2.55V VCE = 10V
VC < VB VE = 0V
 Transistor in saturation region VC = 10V
 VCE(sat) = 0.2V VB = 0V
VC–VE = 0.2
VC = 5.3+0.2

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: 7 : Postal Coaching Solutions

14. Let transistor in active region

Sol: VE = 0.7V [∵ VB = 0V]
+10V
10  0.7
5K IE   9.3mA
1k
+ 
0.7 IC  .I E  9.2mA
–  1
VC  VC = –10+5K  9.2m
1K VC = 36V
VEC < VEB
Transistor in saturation region
–10V
 VEC = 0.2
VE–VC = 0.2  VC = 0.5V
VE = 0.7V [∵ VB = 0V] 0.5  10
 IC = = 2.1mA
10  0.7 5K
 IE = = 1.86mA
5K IB = IE – IC = 7.2mA
Let transistor in active region. Ic sat 
 forced =
 IC = I = 1.84mA IB
  1 E
2.1
 VC = –10 + 1K  1.84m =
7.2
VC = –8.16V = 0.29
VEC = VE – VC = 8.86V forced < active i.e., saturation region
VEC > VEB
 Transistor in active region 16.
Sol: +5V
15.
Sol: +10V 1K IE
IB
1K 0.7 + + VE = (VB+0.7)
10K –
+ 0.2
0.7 – V = (V +0.5)
–  = 100 c B
10K
IC
5K
–5V

–10V

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: 8 : Analog Circuits

IE = IC+IB 18. +12V

5  (VB  0.7) (V  0.5)  5 VB Sol:
 = B 
1k 10k 10k
10(5–VB–0.7) = VB+0.5+5+VB 9K 4K 3.3K
43–10VB = 2VB+5.5 Vc1
43  5.5 3V Q1 Q2
VB = = 3.125V
12 Vc2 Q3
3.125 3K 2.3K Q4
IB = = 0.3125mA 4K V0
10K
VC = VB+0.5 = 3.625V
VE = 3.825V 2.3V
I C1  I 1   1m Amp
 IE = 1.175mA 2.3k
 IC = 0.862mA VC1  12V  4  103  1  10 3  8V
V2  8  0.7 V  8.7V
17.
12V  V 2 12V  8.7
Sol: Here the lower transistor (PNP) is in cut off I 2    1m Amp
3.3k 3.3k
region.
VC 2  4k  1mA  4V
+5V
V 3  4V  0.7  3.3V
IC
V4  3.3  0.7  2.6V
10K
5V V0=2.6 V
+
IB 0.7 V0
–
1K 19.
IE
Sol: Given data is  =100
VBE (active) = 0.7V
S1
Apply KVL to the base emitter loop:
5 – 10K. IB – 0.7 – 1K. (1+)IB = 0 IC
4.3 470k 1k
 IB = = 38.73A
(101)K  10K IB +
IC = 3.87mA – 10V
IE = 3.91mA
 VE = V0 = IE(1k) = 3.91 V
1k
VC = 5V S2
VB = 5 – 10 k (IB) = 4.61 V
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: 9 : Postal Coaching Solutions

When S1,S2 are open 10  0.7

IB   19.7A
470k
10V
IC IC = IB = 1.977mA
VE = 0V
1k
VC =10 –1k(IC) = 8.03V
VCE > 0.2  Transistor is in active region
470k Operation point (VCE,IC)=(8.03V,1.97mA)
1k
20.
Sol:
+10V
Transistor is in cutoff mode so IC = 0
VCE = 10V 4.7k
Vo
Operating point (VCE,IC) = (10,0)

When S1&S2 are closed 4V

+
10V
Vin 3.3k CE
–
IC
470k 1k
For D.C Analysis:
IB
VB = 4 V
0.7V
VB – VE = 0.7  VE = 4 – 0.7 = 3.3 V

1k 3.3
IE =  1mA
3.3k
VT 25 mV
re =   25 
IE 1mA
Let us consider transistor is in active region To apply small signal analysis set D.C
10V source equal to zero.
IC
470k 1k Rc = 4.7k
Vo
IB
+
0.7V
–
+
Vin re= 25
–

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: 10 : Analog Circuits

V0 = –icRc
Vi = icre
V0  i c R c  R c  4.7 k 2k
 AV    
Vi i c re re 25 Vo
= –188 2k

21. Vi  RB 2k re
Sol: D.C calculation is same as previous question –
RE
IE = 1 mA
re = 25 
Apply small signal analysis: v0  R C  2k || 2k 
AV     39.65
vi re 25.22
Ri = RB || re
4.7 k Ri = 1.116k
Vo
i0 v0 R i R
AI     AV  i
ii R L vi RL
 39.5  1.116  103
Vi  25   = –22.322
– 2  103
3.3 k Ro = RC = 2k

23.
V0  Rc  4700
  Sol:
Vi re  R E 25  3300 +12V
V0
 AV   1.413
Vi 20k

22. CB
Sol: To calculate re value apply D.C analysis
CE
V  VBE 3  0.7
I E  th   0.991mA + Vo
R th 2k Vi 20k 8k
RE  2.3k  –
 1 101
VT 25
re    25.22
I E 0.991
Now apply small signal analysis.:

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: 11 : Postal Coaching Solutions

Apply KVL at input Loop: Given IE = 1mA

6 – 10k (IB) – 0.7 – 8 k(1+)IB = 0 25mV
 re   25
6  0.7 1mA
IB =  6.47 A
10 k  8 k  101 RC
AV =
IE = 0.65 mA re
VT 25 10k // 10k 5000
re =   38.5  AV    200
I E 0.65 25 25
R 0  R C  10k
Apply small signal analysis
V0 RE Ri = re = 25
Av =  = 0.995
Vi re  R E i0 v0 R i
AI   
ii R L vi
Ri = RB ||  R E Total
R i 200  25
R E Total = (RE + re)  AV    0.5
RL 10 4
Ri = 10 k || 803.85k = 9.87 k
R0 = RE || re = 38.3  25.
Sol: For the given differential amplifier,
24. IE = 1mA
Sol: ic
V0 VT
re   25
IE
10k 10k
V0  R c  3000
Ad    (or) –gmRc
Vi re 25
Ad = –120
ie
re = 25 26.
Sol:
Io
~ Vi 3k

V0 = –icRC VB +
0.7 –
 Vi
ie  ic = 9k 8.3k
re
V  –12V
V0   i R C
 re 
0   12
V0 R C I1   1mA
 12k
Vi re
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: 12 : Analog Circuits

0  VB 1k
I1  R eq   9.9
3K 1  100
VB = –3V
VB – VE = 0.7 1mH
VE = VB – 0.7 –1000
VE = –3.7 Volt
Leq
 3.7  12
I0 
8.3k
1mH
I o  1mA L eq   1H
1  1000
I E  0.5mA
25mV 1F
re   50 –106
0.5mA
 R C  2000 Ceq
Ad  
re 50
A d  40

C eq  1F 1  10 6  1F 
27.
Sol: Voltage shunt feedback amplifier and 30.
V0  R f  10k Sol: Maximum power across the Transistor will
   10
Vin RS 1k be at the middle of active region
VCC
Ideally at VCE 
28. 2
Sol: Current – series feedback amplifier and VCE = 12V
 R C  4.7k 24  12
AV    1.4242 IC   1.5mA
RE 3.3k 8k
PTmax = VCE  IC
29. = 12  1.5
Sol: = 18mW
1k
–100 31.
 R 
Req Sol: V0  1  f Vi
 R1 
using millers effect,  2k 
V0  1  2
 3k 

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: 13 : Postal Coaching Solutions

10 I0  3
V0  volt  = –1.5
3 Iin 2
2k
3k
 I2 34.
Vo Sol:
+ Io I1
1

2V 1k + 1
I1  1
– + I01 V01 +
Ix I2
– + I02 V02
V0 10
I1   mA &
1k 3
10 V01 = –I1
2 Apply KCL:
V0  2 3 2
I2    mA
2k 2k 3 0  V02
Ix  I2 
 I 0  I1  I 2  4mA 1
V01
 I 2  V02
32. 1
 R2 V01  I 2  V02
Sol: V0  Vin
R1  I1  I 2  V02
V02  (I1  I 2 ) volt
33.
Sol:
1k I01  I1  I x
 Io  V01 
+ I01  I1  V01  I x  1 
Iin
– 0.5k
V0  
+
IL 2k I01  V01  I1
I01  2I1  V01  I1 
V0 = –Iin 1K I 02  I 2  I x 
Ii  1K Iin
IL   I02  I 2  V01 
2K 2
I02  I1  I 2 A
I0 + Iin+ IL = 0
Iin
I0  Iin  0 0.5k
2 35. I1 2k
Sol: 
2I0  2Iin  Iin = 0 Va Vb
3k V
2I0 = –3Iin b
+ Vo
1mA
I2
1k

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: 14 : Analog Circuits

Apply KCL at Va: 4

V0  Vi 
Va  Vb Va  Vb 4
1m   1
2k 3K 10
3Va  3Vb  2Va  2Vb 2 4
1m  V0   5.715Volt
6k 4
1
6 = 5Va – 5Vb 10
6
Va – Vb =
5 38.
Va  Vb  1.2Volt  Rf
V R1
Sol: 0 
V  Vb 1.2
I1  a   0.6mA Vi
1
1  R f / R 1 
2k 2k A OL
1.2
I2   0.4mA V0 9
3k 
Vi 10
Vb = 0.4m  1k = 0.4 Volt 1
10
Vb  V0 V0  9
I1  
0.5k Vi 2
0.4  V0
0.6m  .V0 = –4.5Volt
0.5k
0.3 = 0.4 – V0
39.
V0 = 0.1 Volt
Sol: SR= 2fmax V0max
SR
36. V0 max 
2f max
I  10  10 3
Sol: VC  .t =  0.5  10 3 106
C 10 6   7.95Volt
2  20 103
VC = –5Volt
V0
V0  A  Vi  Vi   79.5mV
A
37.
Sol: Given open loop gain = 10
40.
 Rf 
1   Sol:
V0  R 1 
 C
Vi  R  1 R2
1  1  f  
 R1  A0L R1 L

V0 1  3 +
 Vin  Vo
Vi 1  4 – +
10

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: 15 : Postal Coaching Solutions

1 R2 Vi
z2 = R2|| =  17.5 k
sC sCR 2  1 Ii
z1 = R1 + sL (ii) Vp

R2 R1 Ix
Vp
V0 sCR 2  1 + Vp
 I1
Vi R1  sL R2

V0 R2 RS
+ 1V
 –
Vi (sCR 2  1)(R1  sL)

It represent low pass filter with

1
R R0 =
D.C gain = 2 Ix
R1
Rs
Vp =
R2  Rs
41.
1  Vp 1  Vp
Sol: (i) Ix = 
 R2 R1
Ii Vi
Vi +  1 1 
I1 20k Ix = (1–Vp)   
 R 2 R1 
Vx
Ii 10k
I2  R s  R1  R 2 
5k Ix = 1   
Ri  R 2  R s  R1R 2 
R 2  R1  R 2 
Ix =  
R 2  R s  R1R 2 
Apply KCL at Vx :
Vx 1  Rs  R2 
 Ii  I1 R0   R 1
5k I x  R1  R 2 
Vx Vi  Vx Vi  Vx
 
5k 10k 20k 42.
Vx 3Vi  3Vx Sol: VE = Vin

5 20 VCE = VC – VE
3 VCE = 15 – Vin
Vx = Vi
7
given Vin 0 to 5 Volt
Vi  Vx
Ii = Transistor is in active region
10k
Vin  15 17
3 IE = I0 =   1.7 A [Vin = 2V ]
Vi  Vi 10 10
Ii = 7
10k
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: 16 : Analog Circuits

I0 1.7 (b) Gain = 40dB = 100, ft = 1MHz = Gain

IB = = A
1   100 BW
VB = Vin + 0.7 = 2.7V ft 106
BW  f 3dB    10kHz
Vop  VB Gain 100
IB =
100
Vop  2.7 1.7 100

100 100
Vop = 4.4 Volt 100
2

43.
10kHz 1MHz
Sol: (a) n-stage f
99k
K K K

–
K 1k
LPF single stage gain = +
f
1 j
fc
n
 
 K 
For n stages gain =  f  (c)
1  j 
 fc  Gain=10 Gain=10
3dB cut-off frequency (f3dB) is given by ft=1MHz ft=1MHz
n
 
  1M
K f 3dB   100kHz , f3dB
Kn   10
 2 
2  1   f 3dB   = 100kHz(for single stage)
  f  
 c 
 
9k
 f3dB = fc 21/ n  1 9k
1k
–
K V0
K –
1k +
2 +
1

f
f3dB ft = Kf3dB
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: 17 : Postal Coaching Solutions

Overall BW = f3dB 21/ 2  1 V0  V0 Bios current  V0 Offset Voltage

= 100k (0.04)
 R 
= 64 kHz  1MI B   1  2 Vos
 R1 
44. = 1M (100nA) +100(1mV) = 0.2V
Sol: (a) R2=1M 
(c) R2
R1
– R1
–
+ V0 +
+
Vin Rcomp = R1//R2
– +
Vin
–
V0 1M
Gain= 1  100  R 1  10.1k
Vin R1
 Rcomp = R1//R2, then V0 = (IB1 – IB2) R2
IB = Ios R2
1M V0 = (IB1 –IB2) R2
10.1k
– = Ios R2
IB oV 100 V0
I=0 + = 1/10 (IBR2)
1
 100nA1M 
10
= 0.01V
V0 = IB(1M) = 100nA(1M)= 0.1V
(b)  op-amp draws current R2
(d)
 op-amp CKT the curve doesn’t pass
through ‘0’ (transfer characteristics) R
–
1 V0
1M  +

10.1k
– R2//R
100nA +
+
Vo
–s
+
V0s=1mV
–

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: 18 : Analog Circuits

V0  V0 Offset Voltage  V0 Bios current  R 

V0  1  2  Vos  I os R 2
 R1 
= 0.1 + 0.01
 1M 
= 0.11  1  4mV  50nA1M 
 10k 
45. = 454mV
Sol: Given
R1 = R3 = 10k 46.
R2 = R4 = 1M Sol:
Vx R Vf
1/sC +
R2 +
Vin1 R1
– V0 R 1/sC Vf
Vin2 V0 –
+ –
R3
R4
KCL
Vx  V0 Vx Vx  Vf
R2   = 0 -------(1)
V0  Vin 2  Vin1  (1 / SC) R R
R1
1M Vf  Vx Vf
 Vin 2  Vin1   = 0 -------(2)
10k R (1 / SC)
Given Vos = 4mV
IB = 0.3 A From (1) and (2) eliminate Vx
Ios = 50 nA Vf SCR
R2 = = 2 2 2
V0 [S C R  3SCR  1]
R1 1
– =
1
[3  SCR  ]
+ SCR
+ 1
= (S = j)
Vos  1 
3  j RC  
–  RC 
Rx
R3 R4
R

Vo
+

Vf
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: 19 : Postal Coaching Solutions

V0 R R2
A= = 1+ x A = 1
Vf R R1
Loop gain =1  A = 1/ A = 1 for sustained oscillations
A = 1  R2  1
1  .  1
Rx  1   R 1  6
1+ = 3 + j  RC  
R  RC  R2
=5
Equate img. parts R1
1 R2 = 5 R1
0 = RC –
RC
1 49.
2 =
R C2
2
+9V
Sol:
1
f= frequency of oscillation R1=3k
2RC VCC
Equate Threshold
A=3 R2 =2k
Output
R trigger
1+ x  3
R Discharge
Rx = 2R = 1/3
+ 3k
VC
47. –

1 2 2
Sol: 0 = Vth = VCC =  9  6 V
LC 3 3
VF 0.5 k  96
 Vth – VC = 2103I  I  
V0 R x  0.5 3 k 

9k
A = 1  10 Vth – VC = 2 V
1k
VC = Vth – 2 = 4 V
A = 1 for sustained oscillations
1
0.5 k Vtrigger = VCC = 3 V
 10  1 3
R x  0.5 k
VC = 3 V to 4 V
 Rx = 4.5 k
50.
48. Sol: + 4V –
1 +
Sol: Given  = +
6 Vi  RL Vo
–
–
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: 20 : Analog Circuits

Vi = 8 sint V Vs min  10
I min  _______(I)
During –Ve cycle, Zener is Forward 300
biased and act as short circuit. Vsmax  10
I max  _____(II)
V0 = Vi 300
During + Ve cycle,  V 
Imin = Izmin + IL  I L  z  10mA 
For 0 < Vi < 4, Zener OFF Since  1k 
Zener is not in break down Imin = 1mA + 10mA = 11mA
V0 = 0 Imax = 60mA + 10mA = 70mA
For Vi > 4, Zener is in break down. From equation (1) and (2) required range of
V0 = Vi – 4 VS is 13.3 to 31 volt.
Vi
52.
8
Sol:
4 RS

+ IL 0 –100mA
Vs:20 to 30volt  RL
10V –
–8

V0
4 The current in the diode is minimum when the
load current is maximum and vs is
minimum.
–8 Vs min  Vz
Rs 
I z min  I L max
51. 20  10
Rs 
Sol: 10  100mA
I 300
+ Rs = 90.9
+ + 30  10
VS  10V 1K Vo I z max   0.22A I L min  0A 
– 90.9
–
– Pz = Vz Izmax
Pz = 10  0.22
Pz = 2.2W
Iz = 1mA to 60mA
Vs  Vz
I
300
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: 21 : Postal Coaching Solutions

53. IE = I1 + I L
+18V
Sol: 12
IE = 2 m   122mA
100
300 I1

 IC  IE
+
1 
V0
Iz 10  IC = 0.120Amp
– RL 1k
 PT = IC  VCE
 PT = 2.17W

VB = 10volt 55.
VE = 10 – 0.7 = 9.3volt Sol: 20Volt
IE = 9.3mA
IE 9.3mA + IC 1k
IB    92.07A
1  101 5V VP
– I
18  10 I=0 –
I1   26.67mA VP +
300 R2
10k
I
I z  I1  I B  26.57 mA RL Io

54. 20  5 15
I  mA
Sol: 10k 10
IE VP = 10k I = 15volt
30Volt
Vo 20  VP 20  15
IL IC    5mA
300 1k 1k
+ I1 1k 100  large  IB  0A
+ –  IC = I0 = 5mA
10V
–
VP
I1 56.
5k
Sol: Given IDSS = 10 mA, VP = – 5V,
VGG = – 2V and rd = 30 k
Vp = 10volt
10k G
10 D
I1   2mA RS + + +
5k Vin
RG RD
V0 = (6k) I1=12V = VE Vs
=1M
Vgs
gmVgs
rd=30k V
=6.8k 0
VC = 30volt – –
–
 VCE = VC – VE =18 volt. S

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: 22 : Analog Circuits

V0 = –gmVgs (rd||RD) V0
= AV = – 13.3
 AV = –gm(rd||RD) Vgs
2
 V  10 6
I D  I DSS 1  GS  Vgs = Vs
 VP  10 6  10 4
VG = – 2V
VGS = –2 – 0 = – 2V (VS = 0V) 57.
 - 2
2 Sol: DC Equivalent
I D  10m 1  
 -5 VDD
ID = 3.6 mA
Rd
2 ID IDSS
gm  IG = 0
VP
+
2 (3.6m)(10m) 2  6m VGS ID
   2.4ms RG – R
5 5 S

 AV = – (2.4  10–3)[30 k || 6.8 k]

V0
= AV = – 13.3 AC Equivalent
Vgs
+
10 6 Rd V0
Vgs = 6 Vs
10  10 4 +
Vin RG –
= 0.99 Vs –
V0
= AVs
Vs Device equation
= – 13.30.99  
2

(i) IDS = IDSS 1  VGS 

= –13.16 VP 

VG = – 2V 2
VGS = –2 – 0 = – 2V (VS = 0V)  0.8 mA = 1.65 mA 1  VGS 
  2 
2
 - 2
I D  10m 1    VGSQ = – 0.607 V
 -5
ID = 3.6 mA I DS  V  1 
(ii) gm =  2I DSS 1  GSQ   
VGS  VP   VP 
2 ID IDSS
gm 
VP  0.607   1 
 2(1.65 mA) 1 
 2   2 
2 (3.6m)(10m) 2  6m
   2.4ms = 1.149 ms
5 5
 AV = – (2.4  10–3)[30 k || 6.8 k]

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: 23 : Postal Coaching Solutions

(iii)VG = VGS + IDSRS = 0 20 = 20 log AV

 – 0.607 + 0.8 mA(RS) = 0  AV = 10
 0.607  10 = gmRd
RS =  758.75 
 0.8 mA  10 = (1.149 m)Rd
(iv) Voltage gain (AV) = – gmRd  Rd = 8.7 k
Gain (db) = 20 log AV

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