RESEARCH PROPOSAL

TOPIC
Survey, Hydrology, Design of low head turbo
generation system
Installation, testing of hydro power plant at
Jhang branch

Submitted by:
Muhammad Abubakar
Registration No. 250-FET/MSEE/F10

Supervised by:

Distinguished Prof. Dr. S.M BHUTTA

Session 2010-2012

Faculty of Engineering and Technology

Department of Electronic Engineering
International Islamic University Islamabad
Introduction

Electricity is the lifeline of economic development and there are a number of ways to
generate electric power. One of them is to use the flow of water to generate electric power.
According to the generation ability hydel power plants can be divided into categories like
large, medium, small, micro and Pico hydro power plant. A micro-hydro power station can
generate power from 5kw to 100kw. These can also be categorized depending upon the head
of water as low head(1-16 m),small head(5-50m),medium head(50-150m)and high head (80-
1100m)Micro-hydro systems consists of following components
1. A water turbine that converts potential energy of water into mechanical energy and
then in turns into electrical energy.
2. A penstock through which water reaches the turbine
3. A fore bay to provide regular flow of water to turbine, store water to some extent and
to filter water.
We plan to install low head micro hydel power plant at the sewerage treatment plant
outlet fall at kot duda dad jhnag branch located at chinot.

Reason for selecting this project (problem statement):

Electric power is the main need of industry, due to energy crisis in Pakistan and large demand
for electricity, there is short fall and load shedding is done 25% of the time daily. During load
shedding almost all the activities come to standstill. For continuous electric supply and
sustainable activities at low tariff, hydro electric power is the best solution. This project
comes with a new and very innovative idea that to use the canals which will generate
electricity, use this electricity for local domestic areas. This will decrease the transmission
line cost and so an environment friendly approach of engineering concepts.

Literature Review

Micro-Hydro power systems are relatively small power sources that are appropriate in most
causes for individual users or groups of users who are independent of the electricity supply.

Selection of basic components of system

The basic components of typical hybrid micro-hydro power plant using waster water from
community are as follows:
Civil work component (head work, intake, and headrace canal/sewage lines, fore
bay/sewage reservoir tank, penstock pipe, power house and tailrace with back up system).
Power house components (turbines, generators, etc)
Transmission and distribution network from generating plant to load centre[1]

Selection of turbines:
The turbine is connected either directly to the generator or is connected by means of gears or
belts and pulleys, depending on the speed required for the generator. The choice of turbine
depends mainly on the head and the design flow for the proposed micro hydro power
installation. (details given in Table1)

Table 1.Groups of water turbines

Measurement of potential power with various Head and water flow rate

The amount of power available from a micro–hydro power system is directly related to the
flow rate, head and the force of gravity as given below,

P = Q×H×g…………………………………….. (1)
Where P Power in KW
Q = Discharge in m3/s
H= Head in m
g= Acceleration due to gravity in m/s2

To calculate the most realistic power output from hybrid micro power plant, we have
considered the friction losses in the penstock pipes and the efficiency of the turbine and
generator typically overall efficiencies for electrical generating systems can vary from 50 to
70 percent, with higher overall efficiencies occurring in high head systems. Therefore, to
determine a realistic power output the theoretical power must be multiplied by an efficiency
factor of 0.5 to 0.7 (Table 2.) depending on the capacity and type of system as given below.

P = Q×H×g×e………………………………… (2)

Where e= efficiency factor (0.5 to 0.7)

Table 2.Typical efficiecy of turbines and water wheels

 Methodology(Proposed Plan):

The core idea about the project is to design an environment friendly micro hydel power
plant that will take canal water of jhang branch as discharge water to run the turbine of the
micro hydel power plant and will generate electricity. Moreover this electricity will be used
for domestic or industrial purpose as demand.

These tasks can be achieved using following steps

1. Scientific and technical preparations: hydrology, soil-mechanical etc, preliminary

investigations and studies; surveys and comprehensive scale model and tests [2].
2. Pre –feasibility Report
Out fall rough estimated head H = 3.82f
Phase iv* quantity of water = 4MG/D
Phase I & II* Quantity of water= 2MG/D

3. Power estimates
Using formula P=Q*H* η *g
Where P Power in KW
Q = Discharge in m3/s
H= Head in m
G= Acceleration due to gravity in m/s2
η = Efficiency Coefficient
According to rough estimates for phase IV
H=8m,Q=0.175m3,g=9.8m/s2, η = 0.6
Estimated power phase IV = 8 x 0.175 x 9.8 x 0.6 = 8.23KW
According to rough estimates for phase IV
H=8m,Q=0.087,g=9.8m/s2, η = 0.6

Estimated power phase I, II = 8 x 9.8 x 0.6 x 0.087= 4.09KW

4. Designing forebay, foundation etc. using software

5. Civil work (for the designed forebay, foundation etc)

6. Selection of penstock depending upon weather condition, water pressure etc

7. Selection of turbine according to the head of water .we will use Kaplan turbine (used
for 1-16 meter head) as we have head of 8m.

8. Doing mechanical work and bring the plant into operation

Goals of the project

1. Getting ‘Fuel-free’ source of electric power.

2. Helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and having a net positive impact on the
environment as it is Renewable.
3. Constant generation over long time unlike solar and wind power.
4. Using non wasting natural source i.e. water power to get rid of menace of load
shedding.
5. Role model for private and public investor to exploit the hydro potential.

*Information given by CDA

Time schedule:
This project will be completed according to following schedule

.
Task Time Frame
1 Literature review Eight weeks(from 20th March to 18 May
2 Pre feasibility report Six weeks weeks(from 18 May to 2nd July )
3 Implementation and Installations 20 weeks(from 2nd July to 1st December)
4 Thesis Writing 14 weeks( 1st Dec to 20 March 2012)

References

[1] Saket, R.K. and Kumar, K. S(2006), “Hybrid-micro Hydro Power Generation using
Municipal Waster
Water and It’s Reliability Evaluation” In the precedings of GMSARN International
Conference on Sustainable Development: Issues and Prospects for GMS,India,December6-
7,2006.

[2] Bhutta, S.M. (2008) ,“Technology and Information of Small Scale Hydel Power”. In the
preceding of the International conference about Hydel power development in Pakistan”,
University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan.17-19 march 2008 .

Signature Student: ___________ Signature Supervisor: _____________