Engineering materials

Introduction
 What is engineering
materials?
• Engineering materials is a branch of science which deals
with the study of existing materials, their properties,
functions, uses and effects over different compositions
and mixtures. It provides the reader a broad knowledge
of materials over a wide range.
 Types of materials
• Materials are classified as:
1. Metals
2. Non-metallic materials
Metals may be Ferrous or non ferrous however non-
metallic materials may be synthetic or natural.
 Metals
Metals are the materials which show the properties like
hardness, opaque, shiny and has good electrical and
thermal conductivity.
 Metals
Ferrous materials
• Metals or alloys having high percentage of iron.
• These materials are used where high strength is
required at relatively low cost.
• These materials are basically obtained from pig iron ore
which after treatment gives three types of ferrous
materials.
1. Steel
2. Cast iron
3. Wrought iron
 Classification of steel

Low carbon steel

Medium carbon
Steels
steel

High carbon steel

Classification of cast iron
Grey cast iron

White cast iron

Malleable cast
Cast iron
iron

High duty cast

iron

Alloy cast iron

 Non-ferrous materials
• Metals other than iron
• They are basically used in alloy form. In pure form, they
are used with other materials in order to obtain a certain
property like corrosion resistance, ductility, hardness etc.
• They are used with other metals in order to improve their
strength.
• Non-ferrous materials may be metals other than iron or
alloys.
 Classification of non-ferrous metals

Manganese Gold

Platinum Cobalt

Tin Aluminum

Tungsten Zinc
Metals
Magnesium
Vanadium
Cadmium
Titanium
Silver Chromium

nickle Copper

Lead
Classification of non-ferrous alloys
Brass (Cu and
Zn)
Phosphor bronze
Tin bronze (Cu
and Sn)
Gun metal
Aluminium
Bronze
(Cu and Al)

Cupronickel
alloys (Cu and
Ni)
Alloys
Aluminium
alloys

Magnesium
alloys

Zinc based die

casting alloys
Soft solders

Tin lead alloys

Bearing metals
 Non-metallic materials
Synthetic materials
• These are non-metallic materials that do not exist in
nature, although they are manufactured from nature
substances like oils, coal etc. They may be in one of the
following type:
1. Plastics
2. Ceramics
3. Composites
 Classification of plastics
Epoxides

Thermosetting
Acrylic
Alkyds

Bakelite (phenol
formaldehyde)
PTFE

Plastics
Melamine-
Polythene
formaldehyde

Urea
formaldehyde

Thermoplastic PVC

Polystyrene

Nylon
 Classification of ceramics

Glass

Ceramics Porcelain

Cemented
carbides
 Classification of composites

Carbon fibre

Composites Concrete

Glass reinforced
plastic (GRP)
 Natural non-metallic materials
• These occur naturally. Some of the natural materials are
:
1. Wood
2. Rubber
3. Glass
4. Emery (naturally occurring aluminum oxide )
5. Ceramic
6. Diamonds
7. Oils
8. Silicon