SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING

BFC 32703

GROUP PROJECT

LECTURERS: 1. DR. AHMED MOKHTAR ALBSHIR BUDIEA

2. PROF. MADYA DR. NOOR YASMIN BINTI ZAINUN

SECTION: 5

GROUP: 12

NO. STUDENTS NAME MATRIC NUMBER

1 AHMAD FARHAN BIN MOHD KAMAL DF180122
2 MOHAMAD RIDHWAN BIN ZAHRI DF180126
3 MUHAMMAD AMIN BIN GHAZALI DF180128
4 AMIRUL HAZIQ BIN HAZAM RIZAL DF180208
5 MOHAMMAD AL AMIN BIN NIZAR DF180173
List of Contents

NO. CONTENT PAGE

1.0 MINUTE MEETINGS 2

2.0 INTRODUCTION 4
 Objective

3.0 THE POTENTIAL IMPLICATION OF THIS PROJECT TOWARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY, 5

ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMY HOLISTICALLY
 Sustainable Environment
 Sustainable Economy
 Sustainable Social

4.0 PRACTICAL SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT 11

 Procurement
 Site and Material Selection
 Waste Prevention, Recycling, Energy and Material Reuse
 Health & Safety and Indoor Environment Quality

5.0 LIFE CYCLE CONCEPT FOR SUSTAINABLE STRATEGY IN CONSTRUCTION 14

 Initiation Task
 Design
 Manufacture
 Implementation
 Final Task

6.0 DISCUSSION 20
 Main Challenges in Sustainability Facilities Management

7.0 CONCLUSION 23

8.0 REFERENCES 24

1
 MINUTE OF MEETING BY GROUP 12

MINUTE OF MEETING 1
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECT
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
DATE : 10 MAY 2020
TIME : 11:30 AM – 1:00 PM
PLACE : GOOGLE MEET
Members Present:
1. Mohamad Ridhwan Bin Zahri (Chairperson) (DF180126)
2. Ahmad Farhan Bin Mohd Kamal (Secretary) (DF180122)
3. Muhammad Amin Bin Ghazali (DF180128)
4. Amirul Haziq Bin Hazam Rizal (DF180208)
5. Mohammad Al Amin Bin Nizar (DF180173)
NO SUBJECT ACTION BY FEEDBACK

1.0 CHAIRPERSON ADDRESS

1. Welcome address by leader. Mohamad Ridhwan

2.0 PAPER PRESENTATION BY AHMAD FARHAN

1. Discussing about the contents of report Ahmad Farhan 1. Decide parts for every
group members
2. Distributing tasks for the report
3.0 CLOSING
2. Decide the date for next meeting. Mohamad Ridhwan 1. Decide 4 June 2020 as
our second meeting

Prepared by: Approved by: Verified by:

………………….. .…………………. …………………

(Secretary) (Chairperson) (Lecturer)
Date: 10 May 2020

2
 MINUTE OF MEETING BY GROUP 12

MINUTE OF MEETING 2
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECT
FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING
DATE : 4 JUNE 2020
TIME : 10.00 PM – 11:00 PM
PLACE : GOOGLE MEET
Members Present:
1. Mohamad Ridhwan Bin Zahri (Chairperson) (DF180126)
2. Ahmad Farhan Bin Mohd Kamal (Secretary) (DF180122)
3. Muhammad Amin Bin Ghazali (DF180128)
4. Amirul Haziq Bin Hazam Rizal (DF180208)
5. Mohammad Al Amin Bin Nizar (DF180173)
NO SUBJECT ACTION BY FEEDBACK

1.0 CHAIRPERSON ADDRESS

1) Welcome address by leader. Mohamad Ridhwan

2.0 PAPER PRESENTATION BY AHMAD FARHAN

1) Discussing on the progress of the Ahmad Farhan 1. Each person need to
report speed up the progress
of their part on the
2) Discussing on the format technical report.
paper.
3.0 CLOSING
1) Deciding whether need more Mohamad Ridhwan 1. Decide this is the last
meetings or not. meeting.

Prepared by: Approved by: Verified by:

………………. .…………………. …………………

(Secretary) (Chairperson) (Lecturer)
Date: 4 June 2020

3
2.0 Introduction

Sustainable development is one of the main challenges in construction field. According to the Bruntland
Commission (1987), sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The key principle
of sustainable development is the integration of environmental, social and economic concerns.

In 20th century, the concept of sustainable construction implementation was started which are
evolved in mid-19th century. Sustainable construction based on healthy built-environment concepts are
combination of sustainable construction practices and sustainable building materials in order to reduce
environmental impact. There are seven principles of sustainable construction which are conserve, reuse,
recycle, protect nature, non-toxics, economics and quality. Sustainable construction is the integration of
sustainable development which are designed for present day needs and meets all current requirements
in a sustainable way. Promoting sustainable construction is really essential these days to reduce global
impacts due to construction such as climate change, global warming and many more. The environmental
impacts on the life cycle process consider as main problem in construction sector.

In order to achieve sustainable construction management, there are sustainable construction rating
tools that can be used by developer to assist construction sector towards sustainable development. The
Green Building Index is one of the sustainable construction rating tools in Malaysia. This rating tools
evaluate the environmental design and performance of Malaysian buildings based on Energy Efficiency,
Indoor Environment Quality, Sustainable Site Planning & Management, Materials &Resources, Water
Efficiency and Innovation.

The main objective of this paper is to propose the practical sustainable strategies that can be
implemented by developer to achieve the project objectives successfully. It starts with reviews of
Economy Pillar, Environment Pillar and Social Pillar. The methodology of this research is then presented
followed by reporting the analysis and discussion. The paper then closes with conclusion.

2.1 Objectives

The objectives of this proposal are:

i) To propose the practical sustainable strategies that can be implemented by developer in

order to improve the occupancy health and productivity.

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3.0 The Potential Implication of This Project Towards Local Community, Environment and Economy
Holistically

The terms ‘sustainable development’ has been introduce to the developers such as contractor, engineer
and designer in 1987, based on the Brundtland Report. These parts are crucial in maintaining the use of
resources in order to maintaining balance between humanity lifestyle and best of feeling, and reduce
depletion of resources and also ecosystem for future used.

Efficiency in resources usage and developing ecological design are used to build healthy built-
environment concept in terms of design, management and construction sustainability. Human element
and environmental-green concept must be applied during the development of buildings or products due
to human-environment balance. Based on GSDR (2015), the overall goal of sustainable development (SD)
is the long-term stability of the economy and environment; this is only achievable through the integration
and acknowledgement of economic, environmental, and social concerns throughout the decision making
process. With the helps from those three components which are community, environment and economy
sustainability, the future for sustainable development will be secured.

From Dernbach J. C. (1998), effective governance requires a nation to consider and protect the
environment and natural resources on which its current and future development depend. Any other
approach is self-defeating. The connections between the environment and development thus provide a
powerful rationale for environmental protection: enlightened self-interest. Figure below shows the
relation between environment, economy and social in performing sustainable development.

Figure: Sustainable developement

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 Enhance the recyclability of certain resources might be classified as economical sustainable
construction. Based on Cooper & Vargas (2004), the tests of this theory have yielded mixed results, but
scholars generally agree that policy design and public support are crucial elements to the success of these
incentives. Nonetheless, market-based environmental tools are generally perceived as more “business
friendly” than traditional command and control policies.

From the existence project at Batu Pahat, Johor, Pura Kencana Sport Center was built around the
residential community and also the nearest sport center for Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
and Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara (KKTM) students to utilize the facility at Pura Kencana Sport Center. The
sport center consist badminton court, futsal court and swimming pool with suitable rent price per hour.
In terms of sustainable development, Pura Kencana Sport Center was placed at strategic location where
it is not disturbing the comfortability of the nearest resident with the noises from the sport center and
the surrounding of the sport center did not harm the environmental due to sustainable exterior design.
The existence of pond beside the sport center shows the developers have protected the environment
around the site project. The design proposed by the design team are economic and not too complicated
for the contractor to implement the economical sustainable during the construction. Figure below shows
Pura Kencana Sport Center.

Figure: Pura Kencana Sport Center

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3.1 Sustainable Environment

The terms environment itself shows the critical component that need to be implement during the
development of certain project in order to maintain the sustainability of the development for future used.
The requirement for the sustainable environment is reduce the energy required for transforming
goods and supplying services. Minimization of energy might lead to conservation of nature and provide
opportunity for future generations continuously use the natural resources in future generation.

The developments of building also need to consider the impact of planned projects on air, soil,
water, flora and fauna. The use of machineries should be environmentally friendly where the amount of
carbon dioxide is low as possible. For the water transportation, around the development area, the
developers need to be considering the effective way to avoid the drainage problems that might causes
the flood to the community around the site project. Conservation of flora and fauna in order to maintain
the existing biodiversity is needed to be considers in sustainable construction. The selection of site must
avoid from the destruction of forest or ocean that exist highly valuable biodiversity and for future studies.

Moreover, increase the materials efficiency by reducing the materials demand of non-renewable
goods in many construction projects. Most of the developers and contractors did not considering the
efficiency in resources usage during the construction project phase. Some of the construction resources
such as formwork are practically use wood formwork rather than factory made formwork since it is cheap
and not too complicated in making the formwork even though the reusability of wood formwork around
2 or 3 times and low in time efficiency, compared to factory made formwork that minimize the time taken
built the formwork and can be used frequently. Figure below shows two types of formwork such as wood
formwork and steel formwork.

Figure: Wood formwork

Figure: Steel formwork

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 Reduce and control the use of dispersion and toxic materials for the construction that required
hazardous substance to save many lives in the earth. Uncontrollable dumping toxic waste might lead to
the soil pollution and the existence of various diseases to the humans and animals. One of the toxic waste
cases occurred at Johor is dumping toxic waste at Sungai Kim Kim that affecting 6,000 peoples and
hospitalizing 2,775 peoples. Figure below shows the process of neutralizing the condition of Sungai
Kim Kim.

Figure: Neutralizing process at Sungai Kim Kim

3.2 Sustainable Economy

From GSDR (2015), by utilizing economic tools, early theorists offered that policies to protect the
environment could also promote innovation and turn a profit. Based on Porter & Van Der Linde (1995),
Similar to Porter’s winwin hypothesis that a trade-off isn’t necessary, sustainable development policies
look to tackle the sources of environmental degradation, not just the symptoms, while still providing
opportunities and creating incentives for economic advancement,

Alternatively, implementation of sustainable economic must be considering life-cycle cost for

continuous cost guarantee. The meant by life-cycle cost is the sum for all project cost or non-project cost
in a specified period or life span in terms of quality, service, system and structure. For example, the
operation cost, upgrade cost, purchase cost, maintenance cost and any value until the end of project
useful life. If the life-cycle cost was implemented, surely the developers can manage the backup cost for
upcoming projects. Figure below shows the life-cycle cost analysis.

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 .

Figure: Life-cycle cost analysis

Furthermore, the developers must considering the alternative financing mechanism for
emergency usage and to avoid from unpredictable cost from the project. The developers should have
appropriate economic instruments to promote sustainable consumption. Based on GSDR (2015), these
externalities are conceived as transaction spillovers, or costs and benefits unaccounted for in the given
price of a good or service. In order to correct the market failure, Pigou proposed a tax on those activities
that produce negative externalities at a rate equal to those external costs.

In the construction phase, the economic impact to the local structure should be in the
consideration because the sustainable economic can be achieve for internalize the external cost. The
developers should have creative way to survive the economic issues in development for the future of
organization.

3.3 Sustainable Social

The engineer, designer and developer must be exposed by the good relation between the communities
for better management during the construction process and minimize the issues occurred from the
surrounding society that lead to misunderstanding among the developers and the community. Based on
Ulhoi & Madsen (1999), this is also a holistic (sustainable) approach which does not observe sustainable
development separately from environmental protection and which is placed in a global ecological, socio-
economic and political context In development of sport arena, the developers should have the permission

9
from the authorities either they can construct the project at the selected location or should be moved to
other location.

To perform the sustainable social, the developers should promote the development of
appropriate institutional frameworks. By promoting the development through the framework, the
community will be noticed the projects and advice some of the current issues if developing the project
without any precautious did not taken. This is the thing that the developers should consider the influence
of the existing social framework.

Other than that, the efforts of great developers to achieve the sustainable social is that they
should assess on the quality of life and health for those who involved in the development of the project.
Well application of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) in many developments can avoid from injuries,
mentality breakdown and even death at the site project or in the organization offices. From Tomislav
Klarin (2018), Sustainable development should provide a solution in terms of meeting basic human needs,
integrating environmental development and protection, achieving equality, ensuring social self-
determination and cultural diversity, and maintaining ecological integrity.

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4.0 Practical Sustainable Strategies in Construction Project

In construction, no wonder that large-scale development in terms of the built environment and
infrastructure clearly aim for the ‘developing countries’. Even in Malaysia, the country is classified as
developing countries that needed to follow the sustainable strategies in construction project. Based on
Chrisna Du Plessis (2006), the construction sector sits right at the interface between the Brown and Green
Agendas—it is both the vehicle for improving quality of life and the actor that will determine the
environmental and social sustainability of development endeavours. A few strategies that needed to be
taking to account such as procurement, site/environment, material selection, waste prevention, recycling,
energy, building material reusable, health & safety and indoor environment quality. Figure below shows
the recommended possible implementations in sustainable construction.

Figure: Sustainable construction

4.1 Procurement

The mean by procurement is describe as the activities that assign by the client or employer to the one
who has been selected to construct or refurbish a building. As Lord de Mauley said “Sustainable
procurement helps ensure value for money and lower operational costs whilst protecting the
environment and bringing us wider societal benefits”. The pre-procurement is access as the steps required
in order to identify the best practice in terms of innovation of products, suppliers and materials. Then

11
followed by specification and qualification for selected company or contractor that will construct the
building. Those are requirement in contract that may integrate Green Building Index (GBI).

4.2 Site and Material Selection

From Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), apart from the dire predictions of climate change related
disaster, the recently completed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report found that human activity has
had a detrimental impact on the ability of the biophysical environment to deliver necessary life-support
services to the human species therefore, the selected site should be strategic and easier to deliver
material from factory even though the location for the development is assign nearest to the residential
housing and university. Somehow exchange the standard method into practical sustainable strategy in
delivering material and machine such as use train that will minimize the amount of carbon dioxide and
monoxide that will save the earth. Figure below shows the transportation of machinery by using train.

Figure: The transportation of machinery by using train

The materials should be least-toxic or free from toxic since the thermostats is one of the harmful
substances in the building material. The figure below shows one of the thermostat material which is
polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

Figure: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

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4.3 Waste Prevention, Recycling, Energy and Material Reuse

Nowadays, many industries has been introduced with the use of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in
construction project to replace cast in-situ method since the traditional method required materials that
will caused huge amount of waste in construction process. Assembling lego-like structure in site
construction might reduce the energy used and waste prevention.

Since the amount of waste that produced in site construction literally 8000 lb per project, the
recyclable waste should be separated from non-recyclable. The recyclable material should sell or stored
for later use and might be reused on-going project or upcoming project.

4.4 Health & Safety and Indoor Environment Quality

Everyone that is related to the development of products or buildings has been exposed with the health
and safety requirement before the implementation of building structure. This is a crucial assessment to
the developers since unpredicted situations or mistakes might lead to injuries or even fatality among the
workers. For example, some of micro pieces of materials such as dust and fibers during the construction
must be avoid from the workers inhale the dust and fibers. Personal protection equipment (PPE) such as
N95 respirators should be wear by the workers.

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5.0 Life Cycle Concept for Sustainable Strategy in Construction

Sports center become one of the important parts in community where it connects, enhances and
sprites everyone into the community. Meanwhile, sustainability affect everyone surround its especially
when there are crowded of people gather at one places. The ecosystem of the planet are interconnected
when there is one global water and air system so what affects regions or people eventually affects all. The
negative impacts of the non-sustainable systems are global. To cover an increasing of population
nowadays, it is including about “future concern”. Life is already un-sustainable for 1/3 rd the world’s
population who live in extreme poverty without clean water, food or energy. That is the reason why
sustain need to conserve even in the construction where if the authority do not uphold a sustainable
strategy, the people would suffer by that doing. From those life cycle concept for sustainable strategy.
designation was a very important parts where sustainability is a function of systems design, Currently
environmental management, planning and design are part of the problem as they are focused on reducing
the relative harm of future development but do not monitor the source of problems that come from
designation task before handed. The manifold activities that need for sustainable strategy in life cycle is
as below.

5.1 Initiation Task

To achieve a sustainability construction, initiation task is very important in order to maintain a sustainable
construction from the start. Integrated Construction Process (ICP) was a through plan that helps to ensure
since there are many negative environmental issues and problems as well as opportunities toward a
negative either a positive issues (Yong, 2016). With help by many options as well as technologies,

14
communication, innovation and creativity in construction terms, construction phase can be decided easily
to achieve a sustainable construction. Thus, the concept of sustainability for the stakeholders in the
building industry have been adapted in construction activities. The idea about the green design and
principles need to be spread in order to introduce numerous benefits, including improved indoor
environmental quality, better energy efficiency. Increased health and occupant productivity and the
minimization of resources usage into the construction phase (Phearse, 2012).

5.1.1 PROCUREMENT

There are a number of procurement roles to be fulfilled in delivering a successful project. The
consideration about needed of additional external support required. Project Management need
to be set up whether internal or procured externally. The Engineeer-Oriented company would be
a good option because of where it could handle the project more in productive way by laws and
procurement. Financial advice also needed in order to minimize the consumption of capital where
a sustainability would be practice.

5.2 Design

Designing is a very important process because from this stage, professional team and client would meet
concept and goal. There are certain goal to accomplish by a client during a preliminary meeting where a
client would request certain changes in the project even during project ongoing. The preliminary analysis
also would be carried out by engineer so that the concept would satisfied with design detailing the analysis
with a specification required based on protocol followed. Meanwhile, it is followed by specification of
material and component to complete the concept because to build a sports arena, it need a specification
detailed for the material used.

5.2.1 Material Selection

Identifies environmentally friendly building material as well as harmful and toxic material should
be avoided. In other way, the significance of site specific factors and the potential for these stage
to increase costs should also be noted as well as 80% of the cost would be contributed in material
selection. By tailored the initial design, it should match with individual needs of particular project

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 where affordable project should become a priority. The combination of a number of individual
sports facilities into a multi-sports center will give the potential for a range of economic,
operational and social benefits. However, there are a range of design issues that will need careful
attention. In particular, the size, capacity and functional relationships between the spaces, the
organisation of circulation routes and detailed internal planning should be tailored to the program
of activities that is envisaged.

5.3 Manufacture
In this strategy, manufacture become an important task where in this stategy it shows how client’s dream
would be realize. This part mostly would be affected by previous strategies where preparation become a
must-ritual in order to accomplish the great results. In manufacture, there are all abput the construction
process to build a legal project where the main priority is the construction would be done under the
prediction provide.

5.3.1 Waste Prevention

As the time period goes during the construction, there must be a waste from the construction or
the other name called construction waste where there must be an interception of time along the
construction. For example during concrete the beams, slab or column maybe there is a way the
concrete would be more than need on what provided. That would be a waste for construction if
the concrete just throw away like that. Bossink (1996) state that about 1-10% by weight in
construction where the purchased materials that had been used as knows as depending material
leave the site as waste. This should be avoid in order to keep the sustainable construction where
these waste would harm the environment and also cost in construction. The things such as lack
of attention paid to quantity of material used, add the additional sources without the analyses
the necessary and also lack of influences of contractors about knowledge of construction during
design activities should be avoid.

5.4 Implementation

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To complete the construction process, the implementation in construction need to be done where it
involve of many process which are site/environment condition and indoor environment quality.
Construction innovations can provide the critical component for a company's long-term competitive
strategy. To capture these competitive and other expected benefits, however, a construction company
needs to understand the means through which innovations are implemented, and the strategies it can
employ to increase the effectiveness of these operations. Construction-related companies can follow
different strategies, where it is easily make up decision-making where it based on the construction update
where construction become a priority part (Sarah, 2000).

5.4.1 Site/Environment
To construct a sustainable construction, some management need to follow the regular code of
conduct in the construction. Mostly, the harm for the environment come from the human where
it needs to satisfy them. With the construction engineering growth throughout the world, some
regulation need to be practice so that environmental impact could be less than nothing. According
to the U.K Green Building Council, the material that had been used by the construction sector
were more than 400 million tons of material a year where these material could affect the
environmental because mostly material could harm the environment. The rules from the EPA are
clear where the protection of the environment should come first at the outset of any construction
project. There are several rules that could be used which are erosion and sediment controls and
soil stabilization which become main part in construction. Especially, when the construction was
held around the residential and university campus, pollution prevention measure and prohibited
discharge need to be uphold. Based on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pollutant
would come from the discharge so the construction site should minimize the discharge with
contain dangerous chemical content. However, there are some prohibited discharge form the site
construction which are wastewater from washout of concrete unless managed by an appropriate
control, wastewater discharged as a result of painting, release of oils, curing compound and other
construction material and discharge of fuels oils and other pollutants used in vehicle and
equipment operation and maintenance.

5.4.2 Indoor Environment Quality

The quality in the site itself also need to be care about in order to build a good indoor environment
quality. According to (Young,2008), in the indoor environment quality also has an assessment

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 which is called post-occupancy evaluation (POE) or facility performance evaluation (FPE) in order
to assure that key element has been used in the current sustainable building to build a good
indoor environment quality. Actually, the client demand also affect in this cases where occupant
assessment is known as a more effective tool to evaluate the success of the quality but under the
regulation and codes provided (Marlin, 2003). There are broad ranges of cases where can be
claimed as an indoor environment quality where to occupant comfort, health and safety which
includes functional space layout, thermal comfort. Indoor air quality (IAQ) lighting, acoustics,
ergonomics, aesthetics and else (Young, 2008). For sports center, the category for space layout,
thermal comfort and indoor air quality become a priority parts where it affects the occupant’s
satisfaction along during their exercises.

5.5 Final Task

After the construction completely done and then there is a hand over time to client to make sure that the
project was safe to the community to been used. However, there are still works that need to do before it
can hand over to the client or community which are recycling and reusing building materials. The LEED
group has state that the process used environmentally friendly materials during the construction process
can save 250 metric tons of CO2 emissions annually. Thus, to become a more sustainable construction,
recycling need to be done.

5.5.1 Recycling

The chance on getting to recycle is very high because there are unlimited amount of materials on-
site. The benefits that come from recycling was huge because it saves on the energy required to
transport and reprocess the waste material and it also saving money on both raw material and
disposal cost. The materials such as paper, glass, plastic, metals, wood, concrete including
construction materials which are bricks, rubble, plasterboard and asphalt also can be recycled.
Actually, recycle was not a final task but it also could be used during construction. According to
the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP), over 30% of materials purchased go to
waste, the methods od reduce, reuse and recycling the waste production can save the cost for
the company. By using these method, tidier site would be realized which lead to the less accident
if the right control policies and better material like on-site waste segregation and reduced delivery
packaging.

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5.5.2 Building and Material Reuse

Building and material Reuse become a similar way to build a sustainable construction. If the
method of reuse growth plus would be recognize, it could reduce a large amount of solid waste
in reduction hierarchy. Between there three which are reduce, reuse and recycle, it is the best to
reduce first and reuse as a second option (Davorin, 2008). As we know, reuse was a good method
in reduce the construction waste because it generate a new good products that can be use but
reusing is recognized as being distinct from recycling both in doctrine and handling the
construction waste. Reusing have no processing but in the other hand, it keep materials out the
waste stream by passing the goods by collect from others. This could reduce the amount energy
that use to recycle. There are also forms of managing materials that are not quite reusing and not
quite recycling.

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6.0 Discussion

As already stated there are some good impacts if sustainable construction is applied in the development
of sports facilities. However, there are also some negative impact if sustainable construction is not applied
to the construction of a sports facility, it will contribute to a wide range of problems, especially
environmental issues. In addition to environmental issues, it will also contribute to community
development (social well-being) and economic problems. Another major issues is why is it so hard to apply
sustainable construction on sport facilities? What is the barrier and challenges that we will faced?

Construction is the nation's principal manufacturing activity, using sixty percent of raw materials
consumed each year. The construction of buildings including sports facilities, used for one-sixth of the
world's freshwater withdrawals, forty percent of the world's material and energy flows, and twenty-five
percent of wood cut for non-fuel uses. In addition, non-recycled steel is still used in conventional stadiums.
This manufacturing new steel behavior is contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions.
Furthermore, many of the adhesives and paints contain harmful substances including lead and isocyanates.
Conventional-outdoor sports facilities also require millions of gallons of water, which can put strain on
local water resources, while the use of harmful pesticides can pollute soil and cause polluted run-off into
nearby river, lake and it will harming staff, players, and wildlife. Lastly, in conventional buildings, including
sports facilities, construction materials are often transported long distances on trucks that emit large
amounts of greenhouse gas emissions. Without a proper and sustainable construction in sport facilities,
this problems have will never ended

In this economic climate, states and cities have limited resources, and the pressure to spend public
money in productive and responsible ways has increased. Sports facilities will continue to be publicly
subsidized through financial mechanisms such as government increase a general sales tax. By building
green sports facilities, this money benefits the community in far more higher than by building
conventional sports facilities. The facility and the franchise can become a significant asset that fosters
community growth. Unfortunately, when conventional sports facilities are built, the return on investment
can slip away quickly when revenues are not as high demand and suitable as predicted and it’s putting
pressure on cities to provide additional relief or to extend a tax on its citizens past the agreed upon
repayment period (Susana Lucas, et al., 2017). With a sustainable construction, this issues may be able to
overcome.

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 According to medical experts, exercise activities are not only inexpensive but also effective in
preventing the onset of illness. No wonder if we are not good at exercising, it is super easy to get with a
variety of health issues. We should be aware of the symptoms or consequences of your physical failure
and consider this a warning for us to speed up this exercise. Lack of exercise also make us often get tired
even when you eat, drink and rest well. This situation means that our body is starving and needs
movement. Studies stated that you suggested to perform exercise 3 times a week for at least 20 minutes
in order to increase your activity by up to 20%. There are studies that stated daily exercise activities help
increase the body's immune system. According to a fitness expert, an individual needs to increase physical
activity to stimulate muscle tissue to improve endurance. Therefore, sustainable sport facilities can also
help in improving the health of the community. Sustainable sport facilities greatly help the community to
exercise comfortably. In addition, it will attract the community to continue the being active in sport or
others exercise activities. Community sport is the heart of any sport system in any nation in the world. It
is the first point of contact for the development of sports persons. Sustainable construction in sport
facilities is the site for the delivery of many social values which engender personal or human capital and,
it will generate necessary levels of positive community life (Dwight Zakus, 2009).

6.1 Main challenges in Sustainability Facilities Management

There’s always some barrier and challenges to do something beneficial. Sustainable construction in
sport facilities have some challenges in make it happened. A major issues and sticking point surrounds is
the high costs issues. "Most architects charge an additional service fee to do the substantial paperwork
required," notes Erik Kocher, a principal with Hastings & Chivetta Architects in St. Louis. "Also, some time
after the building is completed, mechanical engineers have to run an analysis of the building to ensure it's
operating at the appropriate design level. I've seen estimates of half a percent of the project cost for third-
party commissioning, and at that rate it can start at $100,000 (RM430,000) to $150,000 (RM645,000) to
get a plaque. Of course, it’s a good marketing because you can put the plaque in your lobby to gain trust.

Earn a return through investment is the main aims of facilities management. The challenge for
practitioners is to respond to the strict and complicated regulations and requirements but to remain
profitable at the same time. Although sustainability measures highly contribute to the environmental but
still the cost involve is high. The higher cost and sometimes unclear financial benefit of these
implementations are still seen as barriers (Andelin, 2015). Next, knowledge is play an important role to

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complete something. Main barriers to the implementation of consistent and complete sustainable
facilities management practice is lack of knowledge and lack of leading management. Lack of knowledge
in control mechanisms, financial skills, clients’ understanding, process knowledge and basic knowledge
(knowledge and a common language), as well as the lack of the availability of methods and tools and
competencies related to the innovation process is one of the crucial challenges. (Häkkinen & Belloni, 2011).

There are main types of challenges related to capability, knowledge, organization and authority.
According to Moumet al. (2017), they underline the important of commitment, openness, trust and a
good relationship with the client and within the team as important success factors.

Nowadays, technology play an important role in most companies. Although, technology can
contribute to a barrier to sustainable development being included in FM practices, but it is also described
as an enabler to any successor. Several researchers have underlined the potential to reduce energy
consumption through renovation of existing buildings (Risholt et al., 2013; Tommerup & Svendsen, 2006;
Weiss et al., 2012). Through the renovation of existing residential buildings in Europe, they claim that
there is high possible to reduce energy consumption by 80 per cent (Lechtenböhmer & Schüring, 2011).
Various elements affect a building’s energy consumption, such as the building envelope; substructure of
the building; construction year; weather conditions; size; building type; efficiency of equipment; the type
of heating system; and use of hot water and so on, which can be optimized (Carlsson, 2017). There’s also
complexity of these different systems and technology, such as Building Information Models (BIM) and
smart house technology make it difficult for facilities managers to define and choose complete solutions
(Balaras et al., 2007; Liu & Thoresson, 2013; Risholt & Berker, 2013). To be implemented, these
technologies require knowledge, understanding and appropriation, which need to be continually updated
(Thomsen et al., 2013; Store-Valen et al., 2014; Moum et al.,2017). Studied environmental assessment
tools for housing and office refurbishment, found that these tools generally concern energy consumption
and technical aspects like air quality, light, noise and water and material consumption and rarely address
the social aspects of sustainability. Theoretically, energy use per m2 is not technically achievable on its
own; it is affected by the involvement of users, which creates ownership and motivation for behavior
change through programs, training and measurements (Itard et al., 2008; Meistad, 2015; Pedersen &
Blomsterberg, 2016; Gram-Hanssen et al., 2017; Nilssonet al., 2015).

Policies play an important role in encourage CO2 emission reduction. The regulatory environment is
one of the most important factors in environmental innovations and consequently that the influence of
clients and end-users will become less impacted (Hardie et al., 2013). Facilities management practitioners

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will stress to comply with these energy, sustainability target and the diffusion of the energy efficient
targets. They should help the expansion of energy efficient renovations and operations. There are not
always suitable for implementing concrete solutions adapted to the local sustainability challenges (Sarpin
et al., 2016) or the various aspects of social sustainability because the professional guidelines, standards
and regulations help practitioners to adopt sustainable practices (Elmualim et al., 2012; Buser & Koch,
2014). In the nutshell, the implementation of sustainable construction in any facilities especially sport
facilities is not a simple and straightforward thing to be done and there always are have many barriers
and challenges to overcome.

7.0 Conclusion

As for the conclusion, The Green Building Index (GBI) is Malaysia’s industry recognised green rating tool
for buildings to promote sustainability in the built environment and raise awareness among Developers,
Architects, Engineers, Planners, Designers, Contractors and the Public about environmental issues and our
responsibility to the future generations is important to keep the environment preserved well for a long
time. It also help to decrease pollution in nature because in a construction of sport facilities, the team will
emphasize the criteria that will preserve nature which are energy efficiency, water efficiency, indoor
environment quality, innovation, materials and resources, sustainable site planning and management,
environment protection, transport, land use, and ecological environment. There are a few pollutions that
can be prevented if the criteria was used in any construction which are air pollution, water pollution, soil
pollution and sound pollution.

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