Detailed Lesson Plan

(Skeletal System)

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to
a) identify the major bones that make up the skeletal system;
b) enumerate the major functions of the bones that make up the human skeletal system;
c) describe the bones that protect the internal organs; and
d) demonstrate the different ways of taking care/protecting one’s skeletal system through a role-play
II. BIOLOGY
A. The Human Skeletal System
B. References
 Marieb, E. N.(2003).Essentials of human anatomy& physiology.(7th ed.).San Francisco:Pearson Education Inc.
 Vengcco, L.G., & Religioso, T.F.(2007).Science & health.(3rd ed.).Quezon City:Phoenix Publishing House
C. Materials
 Pictures
 Construction papers
 Markers/pens
 Cartolinas
 Videos / Animation
 Hbs Puzzle
D. Values Integration
 Respect for one’s body
III. Methodologies

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENT’S ACTIVITIES

A. Preparation
“Good morning class!” “Good morning ma’am!”
“May we all stand up start the class with a prayer.” ((students stand up)
"Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name; Thy
Kingdom come; Thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our
“Okay, you may now all take your seats.” trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us; and
(Checking of Attendance) lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen."
“Say present as I call your name.”
“So, how are you all feeling today?” (students say PRESENT as their names are called out)
“Did you enjoy your weekend?” “We’re fine ma’am!”
“That’s good to know!” “Yes we did!”
“Are you all excited to learn new things today?”
B. Motivation “Yes ma’am!”
“Before we start with our lesson let us first welcome our little
friend who is going to present a dance number for us. Let us
welcome Mr. Congga!”
(shows a dancing skeleton)
Now, I would like all of you to stand up and shake your hands! (stands up, shakes their hands, rotates their shoulder,
Now rotate your shoulders! Wiggle your fingers and toes! wiggles their finger and toes)
“Okay! Thank you for participating actively! Is anyone still feeling “No ma’am.”
sleepy?” (sits down)
“You may now all take your seats.”
C. Presentation “The Skeletal System ma’am.”
“So can anyone guess what our lesson today is all about?”
“Yes that is correct!”
“We will be learning about our skeletal system.”
D. Unlocking of Difficulties
“Before we proceed with our discussion, let us first try to define
some difficult terms which we may encounter as we go along.”
“I have here two boxes, a blue and a pink box. The PINK box
 contains the keywords, while the BLUE box contains their
definitions.”
“I want each of you to pick one strip from one box alternately.
The 1st student will pick from the pink box, the 2 nd student will
then pick from the blue box and so on.”
“Now I want you to check the back part of your paper, there
you’ll be able to see a colored shape or icon; I want you to find
your partner by matching the same shapes. Once you’ve found
your partner, stick your strips of paper beside each other on the
board. Go!”
“Alright, let’s try to check if these are the right definitions.”
“Who placed the first word?”
“Please read your word and its definition.”
“So now that we have defined the terms, we will now proceed
with our discussion.”
E. Discussion
(students pick strips of papers from the box)
(students find their partners)
Pair 1: “Us ma’am.”
“Skeleton- a hard structure that supports and protects an
animal’s body.”
Pair 2: “Skeletal system- framework of bones and other bony
parts that protect and support the body.”
Pair 3: “Cartilage- a soft, elastic, flexible connective tissue
that performs many functions.”
Pair 4: “Joint- point of contact between bones.”
Pair 5: “Appendicular Bones- consists of the upper and lower
limbs- the arms, legs, shoulders & hips.”
Pair 6: “Axial Bones- consist of the skull and the bones from
the neck to the chest.”
Pair 7: “Bone Marrow- soft tissue inside the center of the
bone.”
Pair 8: “Tendon-cord of dense regular connective tissue
attaching muscle to bone.”
(terms may not be in the same sequence)
“We are excited to meet him!”
“Class, I want to introduce all of you to our guest today. He is
very excited to meet all of you. Are you excited to meet him “Hello Mr. Ghost Rider!”
too?”
(uncovers a human skeleton model in front of the class)
“Let us all say hello to Mr. Ghost Rider!”
“Mr. Ghost Rider has been kind enough to grant us his time and
assist us with our discussion today.”
“Let us take a look at Mr. Ghost Rider; he is an example of an
adult skeleton. And adult skeleton is composed of 206 bones, (student responds)
including the 3 bones inside the ear.”
“What do you think are the main functions of the skeletal
system? “ “Anyone?”
“Okay, besides contributing to body shape and form, our bones (student responds)
perform several important functions.
The Functions of the bones are
1. SUPPORT
How do the bones function as a support?
Bones form the internal framework that supports and anchors
all soft organs. The bones of the legs act as pillars to support
(student responds)
the body trunk when we stand, and the rib cage supports our
thoracic wall.
2. PROTECTION
How do the bones protect our body?
Bones protect soft body organs like the brain, lungs, heart,
and other vital organs of the body.
3. MOVEMENT
Skeletal muscles which are attached to the bones use the
bones as levers to move the body and its parts.
4. STORAGE (student responds)
FAT is stored in the internal cavities of bones. Bone itself
serves as a storehouse for minerals.
Can you give me an example of a mineral which is stored in
the bones?
Yes, CALCIUM. Another is PHOSPHORUS.
Calcium and Phosphorus are the most important minerals
stored in the bone.
5. BLOOD CELL FORMATION
Blood cell formation occurs within the marrow cavities of
certain bones.”
(students pick pictures out from the box and sticks it on the
BONES THAT PROTECT BODY PARTS
vital organs in front)
Bone Box – contains pictures of the skull, rib cage, limbs,
shoulder, pelvis & spine.
“I am going to pass the bone box around and everyone should
pick one picture out from the box. In front is a picture of a human
body with the vital organs which are protected by specific bones.
Those who were able to pick pictures of bones, please stick the
bone on the organ which you think it protects.”
“Let us try to examine the illustration on the board. Do you think
“The Brain ma’am.”
the pictures match correctly?
Let’s first take a look at the skull. The skull gives shape to your
head. It is made up of several bones, your cheekbone or the
zygomatic bone, part of the nose or the nasal bone, and the
jawbone or the mandible.
Inside the skull is a very delicate organ.
(students respond)
What organ does the skull protect?
Correct. The skull encases the brain protecting it from direct
danger.
The backbone or the spine; Can you feel your backbone?
The spine is composed of 33 hollow bones called the vertebrae.
They are stacked on top of each other and form a tube that
protects the spinal cord. It also helps support the weight of the
head and body.
The rib cage gives shape to the trunk. There are 12 pairs of ribs
which protects the…What organs does the rib cage protect?
The heart, lungs, and liver are protected by the rib cage. In front,
the ribs are connected by the sternum, at the back; they are
connected to the upper spine.
The shoulder girdle connects the upper limbs to the axial
skeleton. The clavicle or collarbone and the scapula or shoulder
 blade make up the shoulder girdle. (students respond)
The pelvic bone carries most of the weight of the upper body. It
also protects some of the organs like the urinary bladder, female
reproductive organs, and the rectum.
Arms and legs are made up of long bones. These include the
humerus (upper arm bones), radius and ulna (lower arm bones),
femur (thigh bones), tibia and fibula (lower leg bones). The large,
thick leg bones provide support for the entire body. Hands and
feet are made up of short bones. Many smaller bones form the
wrists, ankles, fingers, and toes. (students count from 1-3, and forms into their separate
How can you protect you skeletal system? groups)
By eating healthy foods like vegetables. Drinking milk and eating
dairy products as they contain calcium and Vitamin D which are
important for bone development. (students work on their group activity)
You also have to protect yourself from injuries by wearing
protective gears, e.g. helmet, knee and elbow pads when riding
a bicycle or motorcycle. And avoid engaging in rough contact
sports. ”
F. Enrichment

The students will watch a video or animation on the skeletal (students sit and watch the video presentation and listen from
system on how it works . the teacher for some explanations)

G. Generalization

Concept Mapping
“Class, I want you to look under your chairs. Find a strip of paper
and hold on to it.”
“In front is what we call a concept map. What you need to do is
to come in front and fill in the missing boxes with the words
written on your strip of paper. Try to analyze where the word
should be correctly placed. You can try to ask your classmates
for help if you are not sure.” “Understood?” “Okay you can come (students with strips of paper come in front and stick them on
in font now.” the missing boxes)
 Cheek
Cheek
Bone
Bone
?
JAW
Nasal
BONE
Bone
Nasal
Bone

“Okay, good job! So, taking a look at our concept map, this
practically sums up the skeletal system. You can make use of
this to help you remember important details regarding the
skeletal system.”
(students proceed to their previous groups)
H. Application
“The same groupings apply in this activity. Each group will be (students perform role-play)
solving a puzzle of a skeleton.

(student responds)
 IV. Evaluation

TEACHER’S ACTIVITIES STUDENT’S ACTIVITES

“Okay, now we will have a short quiz. Please take one whole sheet of (students take out a piece of paper and answers the questions
paper and answer the questions on the board.” on the board)
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer. A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The soft material found inside the center of the bone is 1. The soft material found inside the center of the
called ________. bone is called ________.
A) cartilage C) ligament A) cartilage C) ligament
B) joint D)bone marrow B) joint D)bone marrow
2. The skeletal system functions as ___________________. 2. The skeletal system functions as
A) Growth C) support and protection ___________________.
B) Nutrition D) respiration A) Growth C) support and protection
3. One of the minerals that make up bones is _____________. B) Nutrition D) respiration
A) Aluminum C) magnesium 3. One of the minerals that make up bones is
B) Calcium D) sodium ___________.
4. There are ____ bones in an adult human body. A) Aluminum C) magnesium
A) 365 C) 639 B) Calcium D) sodium
B) 206 D) 122 4. There are ____ bones in an adult human body.
5. Skeletal system is composed of A) 365 C) 639
_____________________________. B) 206 D) 122
A) Blood and nerves 5. Skeletal system is composed of
B) All the bones in the body which serves as its framework ____________________.
C) Tissues and organs A) Blood and nerves
D) Lungs and alveoli B) All the bones in the body which serves as its
framework
C) Tissues and organs
D) Lungs and alveoli

B. Put a ( ) mark if the following bones inside the box are in the B. Put a ( ) mark if the following bones inside the box
skeletal system and cross ( ) it out if not. are in the skeletal system and cross ( ) it out if
not.
HEART RIB CAGE BRAIN
SKULL PELVIC BONE SPINE
KIDNEYS SHOULDER BLADE LIVER
FEMUR
V. Agreement/Assignment
1) Draw an illustration of the following body parts. Place each drawing on a separate sheet of short bond paper.

-skull
-Spine
-Collarbone
-Ribs
-Pelvis
-Breast bone
-shoulder

2) Bring the following materials tomorrow.

1 cartolina
1 pencil
1 ruler
1 paste/glue
1 pair of scissors