4.

3 SPECIAL
CONTINUOUS
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTIONS
CHAPTER 4
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 The curve is bell shaped.
Symmetrical about the mean,µ (shape is the
4.3.1 same on both sides of a vertical line passing
The Normal through the center.
Distributions, The curve is continuous; that are no gaps or
X ~ N(μ, σ2) holes and the curves never touches the x-
axis.
The shape of the distribution curve is
depends on its mean,µ and standard
deviation, σ.
The total area under the curve is 1 or 100%.
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Shapes of
Normal
Distribution

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Example of
Normal
Distribution

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 To simplify the different shape of normal
Standard distribution, we convert the normal
distribution, X ~ N(μ, σ2) into standard
Normal normal distribution, using :
Distribution,
Z ~ N(0,1) 𝑋−𝜇
𝑍= ,𝜎 ≠ 0
𝜎
Where µ = mean,
σ = standard deviation.
Represented by Z with µ = 0 and σ=1.
Total area under the curve = 1

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The Standard
Normal
Distribution, Z
Table

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  If Z ~ N(0,1), solve using the standard normal
table
i. P(Z > 1.35) = 0.0885

ii. P(Z ≤ 1.35) = 1 – P(z > 1.35)

Example 1 = 1- 0.0885
= 0.9115

iii. P(0.34 ≤ Z ≤ 1.41) = P(z > 0.34) – P(Z > 1.41)

= 0.3669 – 0.0793
= 0.2876
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 iv. P(Z < -1.36) = P(Z > 1.36)
= 0.0869

v. P(Z > -1.27) = 1 – P(Z > 1.27)

= 1 – 0.1020
Example 1
= 0.898

vi. P(-0.34 ≤ Z ≤ 1.41) = 1 – P(Z > 0.34) – P(Z > 1.41)

= 1 – 0.3669– 0.0793
= 0.5538
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 vii.P(-1.41 ≤ Z ≤ -0.34)
= P(0.34 < Z < 1.41)
= P(Z > 0.34) – P(Z > 1.41)
Example 1 = 0.3669 – 0.0793
= 0.2876

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  If X ~ N(51, 22), find
Given µ = 51, σ2 = 22
60.5−51
i. P(X ≥ 60.5) = P 𝑍 ≥ 22
= P 𝑍 ≥ 2.03
Example 2 = 0.02118

47.6−51
ii. P(X < 47.6) = P 𝑍 < 22
= P 𝑍 < −0.72
= P 𝑍 > 0.72
= 0.2358

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 53−51 58−51
iii. P(53 < X <58) = P <𝑍<
22 22
= P 0.43 < 𝑍 < 1.49
= 𝑃 𝑍 > 0.43 − 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.49)
Example 2 = 0.3336 – 0.0681
= 0.2655

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  America household generates an average of 28
pound of newspaper for garbage or recycling.
Assume the standard deviation is 2 pounds and
the variable is approximately normally
distributed .If a household is selected at
random, find the probability of its generating
Example 3 i. More than 30.2 pounds per month.
X ~ N(28, 22),
30.2−28
P(X > 30.2) = P 𝑍 >
2
= P 𝑍 > 1.1
= 0.1357

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 ii. Between 27 and 31 pounds per month.
27−28 31−28
P(27 < X <31) = P <𝑍<
2 2

Example 3 = P −0.5 < 𝑍 < 1.5

= 1 − 𝑃 𝑍 > 0.5 − 𝑃 𝑍 > 1.5
= 1- 0.3085 – 0.0668
= 0.6247

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  If X ~ N(45, 16), find the value of C if
Given µ = 45, σ2 = 16

i. P(X < C) = 0.03

𝐶−45
Example 4 P 𝑍<
16
= 0.03

𝐶−45
= −1.88
16
𝐶 = 37.48

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 ii. P(X < C) = 0.65
𝐶−45
P 𝑍< = 0.65
16
𝐶−45
1−𝑃 𝑍 > = 0.65
16
𝐶−45
Example 4 𝑃 𝑍> 16
= 1 − 0.65
= 0.35

𝐶−45
∴ = + 0.39
16
𝐶 = 46.56

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 To qualify for a police academy, candidates must
score in the top 10% on a general abilities test. The
test has a mean of 200 and standard deviation of 20.
Find the lowest possible score to qualify. Assume the
test score are normally distributed.
X ~ N(200, 202), P(X > A) = 0.1
Example 5 𝐴−200
P 𝑍> = 0.1
20

𝐴−200
∴ 20
= +1.28
𝐴 = 225.6

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  The expenditures for all customers at ABC supermarket
will be normally distributed with mean of $95 and a
standard deviation of $21. If the management wants to
give free gifts to at most 10% of the customers who spends
more than a certain amount per visit at this supermarket.
what should the amount be above which customers would
receive a free gift?
Example 6 X ~ N(95, 212), P(X < M) = 0.1
𝑀−95
P 𝑍< = 0.1
21

𝑀−95
∴ = −1.28
21
𝐴 = 68.12

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  The score obtained by 6000 candidates in an
examination is normally distributed with mean
55 and its standard deviation 10.
i. Find the probability that a candidate will get
between 45 to 65 marks.
X ~ N(55, 102),
Example 7 45−55 65−55
P(45 < X <65) = P <𝑍<
10 10
= P −1 < 𝑍 < 1
=1−𝑃 𝑍 > 1 −𝑃 𝑍 > 1
= 1- 0.1587 – 0.1587
= 0.6826
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 ii. If the score its 75 and above, then the candidates
will be given an A. Find the number of
candidates getting an A in the examination.
75−55
P(X > 75) = P 𝑍 >
10

Example 7 =P 𝑍>2
= 0.02275
Thus, number of candidates getting an A in the
examination:
= 0.02275 × 6000
= 136.5 ≈ 137
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 iii. If 70% of the candidates passed the
examination, estimate the minimum score
to pass the examination.
P(X > B) = 0.7
𝐵−55
P 𝑍> 10
= 0.7
Example 7 1−𝑃 𝑍 >
𝐵−55
10
= 0.7
𝑃 𝑍 > 𝐵−55
10
= 1 − 0.7 = 0.3

𝐵−55
∴ = −0.52
10
B= 60.2

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