Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

Core questions: 1 – 4
Extended questions: 5(j) – (t) – 12

Extended revision exercises: Algebra

Worksheet 10: Straight lines and quadratic equations

1 Complete each table of values for the given values of x .

(a) y  x  3 (b) y  3
x –1 0 1 2 3 x –1 0 1 2 3
y y

1
(c) y  x 1
2 (d) y  2 x  4
x –1 0 1 2 3 x –1 0 1 2 3
y y

1
(e) y   x
2 (f) y  2 x  1
x –1 0 1 2 3 x –1 0 1 2 3
y y

(g) y  x  1 (h) 2 x  y  4
x –1 0 1 2 3 x –1 0 1 2 3
y y

(i) x  7 (j) x  y  1
x x –1 0 1 2 3
y –1 0 1 2 3 y

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

2 Here are two sets of axes.

For the tables produced in question 1, draw and label graphs (a) to (e) on one set of axes and draw and
label graphs (f) to (j) on the other set of axes.

3 For each line shown:

(i) find the gradient of the line
(ii) find the equation of the line.

4 Find the equation of a line that is:

(a) parallel to the line with equation y = 4x + 1, but passes through the point (3, 16)
(b) parallel to the line with equation y = –3x + 5, but passes through the point (7, –8)
(c) parallel to the line with equation y = 0.5x + 0.3, but passes through the point (3, 2.4)
(d) parallel to the line with equation 3x + 4y = 12, but passes through the point (2, –1)
(e) parallel to the line with equation 5x – 2y = 18, but passes through the point (–3, –4).

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

5 Expand and simplify each of the following.

(a) (x + 1)(x + 11)
(d) (x – 4)(x + 4)
(g) (h + 5)(h – 15)
(j) (4x + 3)(3x – 7)
(m) (x + 2)(x – 4)
2 2
(p) (p + q)2
(r) (x2 – y2)2
(b) (x – 7)(x + 12) (c) (y + 3)(y – 4)
(e) (p – 8)(p – 9) (f) (x – 3)2
(h) (p – 3)(p – 10) (i) (2x + 3)(2x – 4)
(k) (2 – 5x)(9x + 1) (l) (3p + 4q)(2p – 7q)
(n) (x – 1)(x + x + 1)
2
(o) (2pq – 3)(3p + 4q)
(q) (p + q)3 CLUE: Use your answer to (p)
(s) (x + y + z)(x + y – z) (t) (m – n)4

6 For each pair of points, find:

(i) the gradient of the line that passes through both points
(ii) the length of the line segment joining each pair of points
(iii) the coordinates of the midpoints of a line segment joining each pair of points.

(a) (0, 0) and (–3, 3) (b) (4, 2) and (8, 4) (c) (2, –3) and (4, –1)
(d) (5, 0) and (–5, 0) (e) (–1, 4) and (0, 8) (f) (0, –3) and (4, 1)
(g) (–3, 6) and (4, –6) (h) (9, 8) and (1, 2) (i) (–2, –4) and (4, –7)

7 Factorise each of the following. Remember to look for common factors first.
(a) x 2  16 (b) 5x 2  20 (c) x 2  4 x  3
(d) x 2  3x  28 (e) x 2  64 (f) 49  x 2
(g) 16 x 2  9 (h) x 2  14 x  49 (i) x 2  12 x  36
(j) x 2  10 x  25 (k) 2 x 2  12 x  18 (l) 2 x 2  16
(m) x 2  3x  2 (n) x 2  6 x  8 (o) x 2  5x  24
(p) x 2  x  20 (q) x 2  2 x  3 (r) 3x 2  75
(s) x 2 y 2  25 (t) 2  2x 2 y 2

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 Cambridge IGCSE Mathematics Core and Extended CD-ROM

8 Solve the following equations.

(a) x2  14 x  49  0 (b) x 2  4 x  4  0 (c) x 2  3x  2  0
(d) x 2  2 x  35  0 (e) x 2  x  6  0 (f) x 2  5x  6  0
(g) x 2  7 x  6  0 (h) x2  22 x  121  0 (i) x 2  4 x  3  0
(j) x 2  x  42  0 (k) x 2  2 x  48  0 (l) 2 x2  14 x  20  0

9 (a)(i) By writing y  x , explain why x  7 x  12  0 is equivalent to the equation y 2  7 y  12  0

(ii) Hence find all possible values of x.

(b) Solve the equation p  11 p  30  0

16
(c) Solve the equation t  10
t
(d) Solve the equation x 4  5x 2  6  0

10 Show that the only possible value for x in the following equation is 1.
(It is not sufficient to show that x = 1 is a solution).
1
x 2
x

11 (a) If x2  4 x  3  ( x  a)2  b for all possible values of x, find a and b.

(b) If y  x 2  4 x  3 , state the minimum value of y, and the value of x at which this minimum occurs.

(c) Sketch the graph of y  x 2  4 x  3 .

Try to use your answer to part (a) to calculate the co-ordinates of all intersections with the axes.

12 By writing y = 2x or otherwise, find all values of x for which 22 x  12(2 x )  32  0 .

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