Chapter 1.

Introduction

In the XXI century many technological advances emerge, the use of new technologies has

reached many areas including topography. This document presents basic information

regarding the application of GPS that can support the learning process of students and those

who start using these technologies.

In the present century, a new topographic concept called Geomatics arises, a term made up

of two branches “Geo” (land) and “matica” (informatics) in order to explain part of the

geographical knowledge through technologies to acquire, store, process, measure, analyze,

present, distribute and disseminate referenced geographic information and represents

strategic knowledge for the sustainable management of the territory (UAG, 2000).

Geodesy corresponds to the precise positioning on earth, Helmert (1880). The study of

Geodesy is divided into two, Geometric Geodesy and Dynamic Geodesy.

Global information systems integrate techniques for Geodetic and Geodynamic study.

Furthermore, it influences global change.

The infrastructure of global information systems costs 5 levels depending on the distance

from the earth

Level 1: land geodetic infrastructure

Level 2. LEO satellite missions

Level 3. GNSS and SLR systems

Level 4: missions to the moon LLR and planets

Level 5: VLBI, extragalactic objects, quasars

Spatial Geodesy measurement techniques use measurement principles that have the

structure of earth and space with a component on earth where the Moon, quasars, etc. are

tracked. with electromagnetic waves.

SLR Satellite Laser Ranging is a laser distance observation system. The stations are made

up of a large number of technological equipment that allows an accurate measurement of

the distance of the satellite to be made using laser light that travels to the satellite and

returns to the telescope receiver. With the atomic clock the time it takes for the laser light to

travel is measured, with that time it is possible to calculate the distance between the satellite

and the telescope.

VLBI is a geometric measurement technique that allows the time of arrival to two terrestrial

antennas to be measured. The components of VLBI are space segments, ground segments,

and measurement systems. The VLBI International Service was established in 1999 by the

International Association for Geodesy. The results that can be obtained with this technique

are: movement of the tectonic plates of the earth, regional deformation and local elevation

or sinking, definition of the celestial reference frame, variations in the orientation of the

earth and in the duration of the day, maintenance of the terrestrial frame of reference,

measurement of the gravitational forces of the sun and the moon on the earth and the deep

structure of the earth and improvement of the atmospheric models.

GNSS is the generic name that encompasses satellite navigation systems, which provide

geospatial positioning facilitated navigation and global coverage time. Each satellite has

atomic clocks, carrier waves, and modulated codes. GNNS systems consist of three

components: space segment, control segment, and user segment.

In conclusion, it can be stated that each of the systems mentioned above are fundamental

for topographic studies, topography and technology plays an important role in the

discoveries.

Bibliografía

El-Rabbany, A. (2002). bliblioteca unad virtual. Obtenido de entorno de concoimiento :

http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?

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