TEST NAME PRINCIPAL APPARATUS/ PROCEDURE OBSERVATION RESULT/ PRECAUTIONS

REQUIREMENT CONCLUISON

STARCH TEST Starch turns into an Test tube, any food 1. Grind the given Blue black color will Starch is present While performing the
(IODINE TEST) intense "blue-black" sample containing food sample (for be observed iodine test for starch
color upon addition of starch( e.g rice, e.g. peanut we need to follow
aqueous solutions of bread), iodine 2. Place the these precautions:
the triiodide anion, solution, distilled powdered/grinded
due to the formation water, pipette s food into a dry Iodine solution must
of an intermolecular test tube. be handled with care.
charge-transfer 3. Add 5cm3 of water
complex. In the to dissolve the Wear eye protection
absence of starch, sugar and protein glass/ goggles
the brown color of the contents of the Wear a lab
aqueous solution food.
remains. 4. Filter the solution
by using a filter
paper and remove
the precipitate.
5. Transfer filtrate to
a test tube.
6. Add about 5few
drops of iodine
solution to the test
tube.
7. Note any color
changes.

To prepare a
control, perform
steps 1 -3 with
distilled water
 TEST NAME PRINCIPAL APPARATUS/ PROCEDURE OBSERVATION RESULT/ PRECAUTIONS
REQUIREMENT CONCLUISON

FATS TEST Lipid are soluble in Test tube, distilled Solid sample  Cloudy white color Fat/lipid are present Handle the chemicals with
(ETHANOL alcohol (ethanol I an water, any food 1. Crush the food will be observed
EMULSION TEST) alcohol) and give off sample ( cooking oil, sample and place in a care.
a cloudy white color egg yolk , almond dry test tube.
change showing etc. )ethanol, 2. Add ethanol to about Use lab coats and gloves
that lipids are distilled water, 2 cm3 above the level while performing the
present. pipettes of the sample and experiment.
shake thoroughly.
3. Allow the solid Use droppers to take the
to settle (about 3 min)
to allow the lipid to be reagents.
extracted.
4. Decant the ethanol
into another test tube.
5. Add 2 cm3
of deionized water to
the second test tube
Make observations.
Liquid sample
1. Add a few drops of
the liquid food sample
to a dry test tube.
2. Add 2
cm3 ethanol and shake
it thoroughly
3. Add 2 cm3
of deionized water.
 TEST NAME PRINCIPAL APPARATUS/ PROCEDURE OBSERVATIO RESULT/ PRECAUTIONS
REQUIREMENT N CONCLUISON

1. Take 1 ml of
PROTEIN TET Copper sulphate, Test tube, distilled test solutions Violet color will be Protein are Handle the chemicals with
(BIURET TET) present in biuret water, distilled water, (egg white) in observed present
reagent when react egg white, biuret care.
dry test tube
with the peptide bond reagent (1% strong and in another
of protein, it gives of sodium or Heating and Boiling should
tube take 1 ml
strong violet color potassium+ few distilled water be done very carefully.
drops of aqueous as control.
copper(II) sulphate) Use droppers to take
2. Add 1%
hydroxide, pipettes reagents from the bottles.
strong base
(sodium or
potassium
hydroxide)
followed by a
few drops of
aqueous
copper(II)
sulphate
3. Look for the
development of
blue colors
 TEST NAME PRINCIPAL APPARATUS/ PROCEDURE OBSERVATION RESULT/ PRECAUTIONS
REQUIREMENT CONCLUISON

1. Take 1ml of
REDUCING SUGAR The Reducing sugar test sample in Blue : Nil Reducing sugar are Handle the chemicals
Test solutions( 5 %
TEST (BENEDICT’S under alkaline dry test tube. Green color : 0.5% present
Glucose), Benedict’s with care.
TEST) condition form Yellow ppt : 0.5 -1%
reagent, Water bath, 2. Take 1ml of
enediols. Benedict’s Orange ppt : 1 -1.5%
test tubes, pipettes distilled water Wear eye protection
solution contains Brick red ppt : >2%
in another tube glass/ goggles
milder alkali
as control.
Na2CO3. Enediols Color change from
are powerful 3. Add 2ml of blue – green- yellow Wear a lab coat
reducing agents. Benedict’s –orange –red.
They can reduce reagent to all
cupric ions to the tubes.
cuprous ions which 4. Keep in water
is the basis for bath for 5
Benedict’s reaction. minutes.
The cuprous 5. Look for the
hydroxide during the development of
process of heating is brick red
converted to red precipitate.
cuprous oxide.