Diploma In Computing,

Information &
Communication Technology
1

C O U R S E C O D E & N A M E : I T T 06203: ICT FOR DEVELOPMENT

INSTRUCTOR’S NAME: MR. HUMOUD SALUM HUMOUD

EMAIL : humoudkonde@gmail.com

Date: 06/06/2020
___________________________________________________________________

ZANZIBAR UNIVERSITY -PEMBA CAMPUS

 Description of Module
2

 Course Code: ITT 06203.

 Course Name: ICT for Development.
Topics to be Covered
1. Describe the role of ICT in the organization.
2. Explain critical success factors which must exist for
an organization to benefit from ICT.
3. Discuss contemporary issues of ICT in relation to the
organization and society.
4. Discuss how the national ICT policy plays a role in
ICT for development.
 Description of Module (Cont…)
3

5. Explain how the Tanzania development vision

2025 relates ICT to the eradication of
contemporary social issues such as HIV, poverty,
gender inequality, drug abuse and corruption, etc.
6. Discuss the impact of e-Government on the
Tanzania society.
 Methods of Assessment
4

Methods of Assessment
Continuous Assessment - 30%
Semester Examination - 70%
 Transactional role of ICT in the organization
5

TRANSACTIONAL ROLE OF ICT

IN THE ORGANIZATION
 Learning Objectives
6

Learning Objectives
The Meaning of ICT.
Categories of ICT in business.
Transactional role of ICT in the organization.
 The Meaning of ICT
7

The Meaning of ICT

 You see the letters ICT everywhere - particularly in
education. But what does it mean?
 ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and
Communication Technology.
 Is the technology required for information processing.
 However, apart from explaining an acronym, there's no
universally accepted definition of ICT. Why?
 This is because the concepts, methods and applications
involved in ICT are constantly changing on an almost
daily basis and it's difficult to keep up.
 The Meaning of ICT (Cont…)
8

 A good way to think about ICT is to consider all uses of

digital technology that exist to help individuals,
businesses and organizations use information.
 In simple definition, ICT is any product that will store,
retrieve, manipulate, transmit or receive information
electronically in a digital form.
 For example, personal computers, digital television,
email, robots.
 So ICT is concerned with the storage, retrieval,
manipulation, transmission or receipt of digital data.
 Importantly, it is also concerned with the way these
different uses can work with each other.
 Classification of ICT in business
9

 In business, ICT is often categorized into two broad

types of product:
 Traditional computer-based technologies.
 These are things you can typically do on a personal
computer or using computers at home or at work.
 For examples Word processing, Spreadsheets,
Database software: eg Oracle/MS SQL Server/Access
to manage date in many forms, Presentation
software like MS PowerPoint to make presentations,
Graphics software: eg Adobe Photoshop to create
and edit images such as logos, drawing or pictures.
 Classification of ICT in business (Cont…)
10

 Digital communication technologies.

 This is the technology which allow people and
organizations to communicate and share information
digitally.
 Communication of data by electronic means, usually
over some distance is often achieved via networks of
sending and receiving equipment, wires and satellite
links.
 In here, there are two types of networks.

Internal networks and External networks.

 Classification of ICT in business (Cont…)
11

 Internal networks: Usually referred to as a local

area network (LAN).
 It involves linking a number of hardware items (input
and output devices plus computer processing) together
within an office or building.
 The aim of a LAN is to be able to share hardware
facilities such as printers, scanners or data.
 External networks: If you need to communicate
with someone outside your internal network, in this
case you will need to be part of a WAN.
 The internet is the ultimate WAN - it is a large network
of networks.
 The transactional role of ICT in the org
12

The Transaction Role of ICT in the Organization

 For many business, a transaction refers to an exchange
of goods or services for money.
 The earliest transaction processing systems were
manual systems.
 Clerk would records transactions in journal or on
numbered, multi part forms.
 These transaction would letter be transferred,
manually, to a central system of hand written records
or files folders responding individual customers or
suppliers.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
13

 Most of the businesses, manual system presents

numerous problems that are solvable by computer and
communication technologies:
 Error level: With manual systems, an uncomfortable
level of error often exists.
 Frequently, look up to the long prices may result an
error to occur.
 Sickness, worry, moodiness, and other inherently
human variables can also contribute to high error
rates in manual systems.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
14

 Temporary or permanent loss of data: Source

documents and files or folders are easily lost or
misplaced.
 This often results in lost customer payments and
delayed purchase or payments.
 Labor intensity: Manual systems are labor intensive
and, therefore, costly.
 Data from a single transaction often have to be write
down several times, and have to be rerecorded by
clerks every time a new transaction takes place.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
15

 Poor level of service: The level of service support in

manual systems is often inferior.
 Customers like to know immediately if goods are not
in stock , when the goods that are not in stock will be
arriving, when they can expect an order to arrive,
what there current status is regarding payments and
so on.
 This level of information support is difficult to
achieve with a manual system.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
16

 Poor response: Practically every thing takes longer

to do with a manual system.
 When orders are taken, the order entry department
might have to contact receivable department for credit
check.
 Today many computerized order-entry operations are
connected to a centralized database, so a customer gets
any thing when request.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
17

Transaction processing subsystems

 Some of the major transaction processing subsystems
found in most firms/organizations.
 In larger organization most of operations are
computerized.
 Each sub system serves a variety of purposes.
 So basically, ICT plays a big role on the development of
the organizations world wide.
 The main transactional role of ICT in the
organization are observed in the following sub
systems:
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
18

1. Payroll
 The transaction processing subsystems used to
produce paychecks for employees are called Payroll
processing systems.
 These systems also must produce data for tax
purposes.
 Additionally, payroll-processing system must keep
track of such items as social security payments, union
dues, and group insurance deductions.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
19

2. Order entry
 The order entry system is transaction processing
subsystem that processes customer orders.
 Orders may come from variety of sources:
 Perhaps by mail, phone, and fax-from customers
who are ordering on demand basis.
 The order entry function is usually the responsibility of
the sales in the organization.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
20

3. Inventory
 The amount of goods a store or business has for sale at
any given time is called inventory.
 An inventory system monitors the quantity of each
product available for sale and helps ensure that proper
stock levels are maintained.
 This is a technology solution used to integrate all
information regarding stock level movement for an
organization.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
21

4. Invoicing
 The invoicing in the transaction processing subsystem
that creates invoices and some times, packing slips.
 E–Invoice is a scanned form or printed paper and may
be sent electronically to the client for payment over the
internet.
 A packing slip shows little more that what products are
contained in shipment; prices are either hidden or
missing.
 Simply, a packing slip is what is included in a
shipment.
The transactional role of ICT in the org (Cont
22

5. Purchasing
 The process of buying products or services is termed as
purchasing.
 Many companies use a central purchasing department
to procure the goods they need.
 The advantages of centralized purchasing department
are cost control, vender control, and taking advantage
of discount realized by quantity buying.
 The major disadvantage is inconvenience to the other
departments in the organization for whom the goods
are being purchased.
 Test Your Mind
23

QUESTIONS
1) Briefly, state the meaning of ICT.
2) In business, how many categories of ICT? In
short, explain them.
3) Clearly, summarize how the transactional role of
ICT helps the organization.
 End
24

Thank You.