ASME Piping Seminar

ASME Piping Seminar

Part C

Don Frikken – Becht Engineering Company

Guy Jolly – Edward Vogt Valve Company

Flexibility Analysis
The process of calculating the strains and
resultant stresses in piping systems to
determine if the system
¾ has adequate support
¾ has sufficient flexibility to safely
accommodate changes in length
resulting from temperature variations
¾ exerts sufficiently low reaction forces at
restraints and equipment

C-2

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Proposed System
NPS 4
Carbon Steel
70 to 600°F
SG contents = 1.0

C-3

Adequate Support
Check Deflections

Marginal:
Deflected 0.4 in.
> 0.3 in.
Normal
Maximum

C-4

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Adequate Support
Check Reactions 1020# 50#

Reactions
Poorly
Distributed
120# 450#

C-5

Adequate Support
Check Stresses

Max. is 66% of allowable

Stresses
OK

C-6

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Adequate Support
Revised System (Added Support)
1020# 50#
Max. Displacement – 600# 120#
0.4 in. to 0.1 in.

Max. Stress –
66% to 34% of allowable
Displacements
Stresses &
Reactions
All OK
120# 450# 0#
170# 300# 450#
C-7

Sufficient Flexibility
Check Deflections 0.4 in.

Deflections
OK

0.9 in.

C-8

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Sufficient Flexibility
Check Reactions
1190# 150#

Reactions
High, Poorly
Distributed
60# 260# 1240#

C-9

Sufficient Flexibility
Check Stresses

Max. is 79% of allowable Stresses

OK

C-10

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Sufficient Flexibility
Revised System (Added Spring
Support)
1190# 150#
0 160#
Max. Displacement –
0.9 in. to 1.5 in.

Max. Stress –
79% to 48% of allowable Displacements
Stresses &
Reactions
All OK
60# 260# 1240#
40# 0 150#
C-11

Sufficiently Low Reactions

Compare calculated reactions against the
allowed loads for equipment. Excessive
reactions cause:
¾ Cracks at the base of nozzles
¾ Distortion of rotating equipment casings,
which
Shortens life of seals and bearings
May result in rubbing contact of close-
clearance rotating elements

C-12

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Sufficiently Low Reactions

Allowed loads for equipment:
Equipment Item Industry Standard
Centrifugal Pumps API 610
Centrifugal Compressors API 617
Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers API 661
Pressure Vessel and Shell-and- WRC 107
Tube Heat Exchanger Nozzles
Tank Nozzles API 650
Steam Turbines NEMA SM-23
C-13

Designing With Expansion Joints

¾ Types of Expansion Joints
¾ Pressure Thrust
¾ Installation of Expansion Joints

(Hanjo) (General Rubber) (Hyspan)

C-14

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Types of Expansion Joints

Ball Slip

Rubber Bellows Metal Bellows

C-15

Pressure Thrust

Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s Association (EJMA)

C-16

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Pressure Thrust

(EJMA)

Which types of expansion joints have this problem?

C-17

Installation of Expansion Joints

Anchors must be designed for full pressure thrust

based on test pressure.
(EJMA)
C-18

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Bellows Movement

Axial (EJMA) Rotation (EJMA)

C-19

Bellows Movement

Lateral (EJMA)
Inefficient for bellows

Efficient use of bellows for

Lateral movement (EJMA)
C-20

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Universal Expansion Joint

Piping Technology & Products

(PTP)
(PTP)

C-21

Universal Expansion Joint

In-plane application
(EJMA)

3-dimensional application
(EJMA)

C-22

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Hinged Expansion Joint

(EJMA) (Adsco) (Hae Jo Industrial)

C-23

Hinged Expansion Joint

(EJMA)

(EJMA)
C-24

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Gimbal Expansion Joint

(EJMA) (Adsco) (Hae Jo Industrial)

C-25

Gimbal Expansion Joint

(EJMA)
C-26

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Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint

C-27

Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint

(EJMA) (Hae Jo Industrial)

C-28

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Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint

(EJMA)

(EJMA)

C-29

Shipping Braces

C-30

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